Beginners Run Ski Shop sells a pair of skis to Crystal. When Crystal first uses the skis, theysnap in two. The cause is something that Beginners Run did not know about and could not have discovered. Beginners Run breacheda. the merchant’s implied duty of inspection.b. the implied warranty of merchantability.c. no duty or warranty because Beginners Run knew nothing about the defect that madethe goods unsafe.d. no duty or warranty because consumers should reasonably expect to occasionally find a product that does not work as warranted.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

b. the implied warranty of merchantability

Explanation:

Implied warranty of merchantability refers to an implied assurance, in every sales transaction that the seller's goods are safe and fit for intended purpose of usage.

It represents an unspoken guarantee on the part of the seller that his goods conform to the acceptable standards and properly packaged and labeled and abide by the promises conveyed on their label.

The motive behind such a warranty being, the seller must properly inspect and test the quality of his goods before releasing them or making them available for sale in the market.

In the given case, the seller sold skis to the customer which cracked into two upon usage. The seller isn't aware of the cause of the consequence. Thus, the seller breached the principle of implied warranty of merchantabilty as per which, it should've first checked and inspected the skis before making them available for sale.

Answer 2
Final answer:

Beginners Run Ski Shop breached the implied warranty of merchantability when they sold skis to Crystal that broke due to an unknown defect. This warranty ensures that goods sold are fit for their general purpose. Sellers can be held liable even if they were unaware of the defect.

Explanation:

The question deals with whether Beginners Run Ski Shop breached a duty or warranty when selling skis to Crystal that later snapped in two due to a defect the shop could not have known about. In such a scenario, Beginners Run would have breached the implied warranty of merchantability. This warranty is an implicit guarantee by the seller that the goods sold are fit for their general purpose and are of average quality and reliability within the industry. Since the skis broken during their first use, a time when any reasonable person would expect them to function correctly, they are not fit for their general purpose.

Even if a seller is unaware of a specific defect, they can still be held liable if the product is unsafe for its intended use, as sellers are expected to provide goods that are at least of average quality and reliability. In this case, the defect in the skis would make them unsafe for skiing, which is a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability, regardless of the seller's knowledge.

Safety standards and mechanisms can reduce the risks associated with imperfect information, and governments may impose these to ensure that goods meet certain levels of quality and safety, which also supports the expectation that goods should be fit for their general purpose when sold.


Related Questions

On April 1, Moloney Meat Distributors sold merchandise on account to Fronke’s Franks for $1,600 on Invoice 1001, terms 3/10, n/30. Payment was received in full from Fronke’s Franks, less discount, on April 10. Required: Record the transactions on April 1 and April 10.

Answers

Answer:

April 1

Dr.  Account receivable  $1,600

Cr.  Sales                          $1,600

April 10

Dr.  Cash                          $1,552

Dr.  Sales Discount          $48

Cr.  Account receivable  $1,600

Explanation:

Term 3/10, n/30 means there is a discount of 3% is available on payment of due amount within discount period of 10 days after sale and net credit period of 30 days.

According to given data

Sales = $1,600

As the payment is made within discount period, so discount will be availed

Discount  = $1,600 x 3% = $48

Payment = $1,600 - $48 = $1,552

Discount of $48 is an expense.

The process for converting present values into future values is called compounding. This process requires knowledge of the values of three of four time-value-of-money variables. Which of the following is not one of these variables?

a. The trend between the present and future values of an investment
b. The interest rate (I) that could be earned by deposited funds
c. The duration of the deposit (N)
d. The present value (PV) of the amount deposited

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is letter "A": The trend between the present and future values of an investment.

Explanation:

Compounding is the process in which earnings of an investment are reinvested to earn more profits in a determined period of time. In other words, present values are used to convert them into future values expecting they will be higher. Compounding can also be defined as interest on interest.

To compute compounding figures it is necessary the interest rate that could be earned out of an investment and its duration and the present value of the investment in dollars quantity.

Thus, the trend between the present and future value of the investment remains useless for compounding.

Which of the following is an element of related and supporting industries? media exposure of products existence of supplier clusters sophistication of consumers intensity of competition aggregation of markets

Answers

Answer:

Existence of supplier clusters

Explanation:

Clusters increase productivity. This is because clusters include companies in the same industry or technology areas that share suppliers and distribution network. Meaning that companies withing their sphere can compete.

Several clusters serve as a driving force in regional economies. This clustering concept was popularized by Micheal Porter. A strong cluster can include the suppliers of raw materials and distributors and also primary producers, specialized services in finance, marketing, education, trade associations etc. Clusters can result in a lot of benefits such as increased productivity, rapid innovation and new business formation.

The estimated total manufacturing overhead cost is $200,000. The estimated total amount of the allocation base is 40,000 direct labor-hours. The actual total manufacturing overhead cost for the period is $220,000 and the actual direct labor hours worked on all jobs during the period is 41,000 hours. The total under-applied (over-applied) overhead for the period is:a. $20,000 under-appliedb. $20,000 over-appliedc. $15,000 under-appliedd. $15,000 over-applied

Answers

Answer:

$15,000 under applied

Actual overhead of $220,000 minus applied overhead of $205,000 (200,000/40,000 direct labor hours • 41,000 actual hours worked) equals 15,000 under applied

Explanation:

Bonds often pay a coupon twice a year. For the valuation of bonds that make semiannual payments, the number of periods doubles, whereas the amount of cash flow decreases by half. Using the values of cash flows and number of periods, the valuation model is adjusted accordingly. Assume that a $1,000,000 par value, semiannual coupon US Treasury note with three years to maturity has a coupon rate of 3%. The yield to maturity (YTM) of the bond is 7.70%. Using this information and ignoring the other costs involved, calculate the value of the Treasury note:

Answers

Answer:

The value of the treasury note is $ 876,205.93  

Explanation:

I simply discounted all relevant cash flows using the discount factor formula 1/(1+r)^N,where r is the yield to maturity divided by 2 as the interest is paid twice a year and N is the number of years of the bond 3, multiplied by number of interest payments in a  year,2.

Find attached for details.

Peter Company has gross property, plant and equipment totaling $1.5 million, depreciation expense this year of $250,000, and accumulated depreciation last year of $550,000. What is Peter's net property, plant and equipment?

Answers

Answer:

Peter's net property, plant and equipment is $700,000.

Explanation:

Net Property, plant, and equipment is the Carrying value of PPE. It is also known as the Book value of PPE. This is the value at which PPE is stated on the face of Statement of Financial Position.

The formula to calculate it as follows:

                    Cost - Accumulated Depreciation = Carrying Value

Simply put values:

1,500,000 - (250,000 + 550,000) = $700,000.

Thanks!

Vistakon, the maker of Acuvue brand contact lenses, is working on a new product launch. They are best known for their Acuvue 2 contact lenses, but are planning to launch Acuvue 3, which will provide 40% more moisture than Acuvue 2. The extra moisture will make the lenses more comfortable and cause less irritation. Vistakon has been in the new product planning process for a year. Currently, they are trying to determine the cannibalization rate of Acuvue 3. They believe that 30% of Acuvue 3 sales will come from Acuvue 2. Which stage of the new product planning process are they in?

a. Business Analysis
b. Concept Testing
c. Sales Strategy
d. Feasibility Screen
e. New Product Strategy

Answers

Answer:

a. Business Analysis

Explanation:

Business analysis is the fourth stage a business undertakes when they are developing a product. It is at this stage that financial projections are made to see how feasible the product will be in the market. Marketing strategies are developed to effectively drive sales of the new product.

In this stage there is definition of the different requirements that needs to be met to achieve business goals and objectives.

Vistakon, the maker of Acuvue brand contact lenses, is working on a new product launch of Acuvue 3, which will provide 40% more moisture than Acuvue 2. They are projecting that 30% of Acuvue 3 sales will come from Acuvue 2.

Answer:

a. Business Analysis

Explanation:

Business analysis is a step in the different steps of a new product development process where the business attractiveness of the product is evaluated. This involves reviewing the sales, costs and profit projections for the new product.

Vistakon is trying trying to determine the cannibalization rate of Acuvue 3, this means they are trying to determine the percentage of acuvue 3's sales that represents a loss of sales of Acuvue. This therefore indicates they are reviewing the sales projections of Acuvue 3, which is a process of Business analysis.

[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Raner, Harris & Chan is a consulting firm that specializes in information systems for medical and dental clinics. The firm has two offices—one in Chicago and one in Minneapolis. The firm classifies the direct costs of consulting jobs as variable costs. A contribution format segmented income statement for the company’s most recent year is given: Office Total Company Chicago Minneapolis Sales $ 450,000 100.0 % $ 90,000 100 % $ 360,000 100 % Variable expenses 243,000 54.0 % 27,000 30 % 216,000 60 % Contribution margin 207,000 46.0 % 63,000 70 % 144,000 40 % Traceable fixed expenses 100,800 22.4 % 46,800 52 % 54,000 15 % Office segment margin 106,200 23.6 % $ 16,200 18 % $ 90,000 25 % Common fixed expenses not traceable to offices 72,000 16.0 % Net operating income $ 34,200 7.6 % Required:
1-a. Compute the companywide break-even point in dollar sales.
1-b. Compute the break-even point for the Chicago office and for the Minneapolis office.
1-c. Is the companywide break-even point greater than, less than, or equal to the sum of the Chicago and Minneapolis break-even points?

Answers

Answer:

Part 1-a: The breakeven of the complete company is $375652.17

Part 1-b: The breakeven for the Chicago Office is $66857.14 while that of the Minneapolis office is $135000.

Part 1-c: The value of breakeven for the company is more than that of the Chicago and Minneapolis office.

Explanation:

Part 1-a

For the whole company

[tex]Contribution \,Ratio=\dfrac{Contribution\, Margin \times 100}{Sales}[/tex]

Here the Contribution Margin is $207,000

Sales is $450,000

So the contribution ratio is given as

[tex]Contribution \,Ratio=\dfrac{207000 \times 100}{450000}\\Contribution \,Ratio=46\%[/tex]

Now Fixed cost of the company is given as sum of the traceable fixed expenses and non-traceable expenses which are given as

[tex]Fixed \,Cost=Traceable\, Fixed\, Expenses+Non-traceable\, Fixed\, Expenses[/tex]

Here

Traceable fixed expenses are $100,800

Non traceable fixed expenses are 72,000

[tex]Fixed \,Cost=Traceable\, Fixed\, Expenses+Non-traceable\, Fixed\, Expenses\\Fixed \,Cost=100800+72000\\Fixed \,Cost=172800[/tex]

Now the Breakeven is given as

[tex]Breakeven=\dfrac{Fixed\,Cost}{Contribution\,Ratio}\\Breakeven=\dfrac{172800}{46\%}\\Breakeven=\dfrac{172800}{0.46}\\Breakeven=\$375652.17[/tex]

So the breakeven of the complete company is $375652.17

Part 1-b

Chicago

For the Chicago office

[tex]Contribution \,Ratio=\dfrac{Contribution\, Margin \times 100}{Sales}[/tex]

Here the Contribution Margin is $63,000

Sales is $90,000

So the contribution ratio is given as

[tex]Contribution \,Ratio=\dfrac{63000 \times 100}{90000}\\Contribution \,Ratio=70\%[/tex]

Traceable fixed cost for Chicago are $46,800

Now the Breakeven is given as

[tex]Breakeven=\dfrac{Fixed\,Cost}{Contribution\,Ratio}\\Breakeven=\dfrac{46800}{70\%}\\Breakeven=\dfrac{46800}{0.70}\\Breakeven=\$66857.14[/tex]

So the breakeven of the Chicago office is $66857.14

Minneapolis

For the Minneapolis office

[tex]Contribution \,Ratio=\dfrac{Contribution\, Margin \times 100}{Sales}[/tex]

Here the Contribution Margin is $144,000

Sales is $360,000

So the contribution ratio is given as

[tex]Contribution \,Ratio=\dfrac{144000 \times 100}{360000}\\Contribution \,Ratio=40\%[/tex]

Traceable fixed cost for Chicago are $54,000

Now the Breakeven is given as

[tex]Breakeven=\dfrac{Fixed\,Cost}{Contribution\,Ratio}\\Breakeven=\dfrac{54000}{40\%}\\Breakeven=\dfrac{54000}{0.40}\\Breakeven=\$135000[/tex]

So the breakeven of the Minneapolis office is $135000

Part 1-c

The sum of the breakeven for the Chicago and Minneapolis office is $66857.14+$135000=$201857.14

The value of breakeven for the company is $375652.17

As the value of breakeven for the company is more than that of the Chicago and Minneapolis office.

Final answer:

The companywide break-even point is $375,750, calculated by dividing total fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio. The Chicago office's break-even point is $66,861, and the Minneapolis office's break-even point is $135,000. The companywide break-even point is not equal to the sum of both offices' break-even points.

Explanation:

To calculate the companywide break-even point in dollar sales, we use the formula Break-even Point (BEP) = Total Fixed Costs / (Total Sales - Variable Costs). From the given information, total fixed costs are the sum of traceable fixed expenses and common fixed expenses not traceable to offices, which equals $100,800 + $72,000 = $172,800.

The total sales and variable costs are given as $450,000 and $243,000 respectively. Therefore:

BEP = $172,800 / ($450,000 - $243,000)BEP = $172,800 / $207,000BEP = 0.835

To find the dollar amount of the break-even point, we multiply the BEP ratio by total sales:

BEP in dollars = 0.835 * $450,000BEP in dollars = $375,750

The break-even point for each office is calculated separately using the same formula, including only the fixed costs traceable to that office.

For the Chicago office:

BEP = $46,800 / ($90,000 - $27,000)BEP = $46,800 / $63,000BEP = 0.7429BEP in dollars = 0.7429 * $90,000BEP in dollars = $66,861

For the Minneapolis office:

BEP = $54,000 / ($360,000 - $216,000)BEP = $54,000 / $144,000BEP = 0.375BEP in dollars = 0.375 * $360,000BEP in dollars = $135,000

The companywide break-even point is not equal to the sum of the Chicago and Minneapolis break-even points. When adding up the break-even points of both offices, we get $66,861 (Chicago) + $135,000 (Minneapolis) = $201,861, which is less than the companywide break-even point of $375,750.

Find the cost of building a new fabrication plant that will be 33% bigger than a similar plant that cost $8 million to build. The appropriate capacity exponent is 0.90.

Answers

Solution:

Let the size of old plant be x

New plant is 33% bigger than the old plant.

So,

Size of the new plant [tex]=x+(0.33 * x)[/tex]

= x + 0.33x = 1.33x

Cost of the old plant = $8 million

Capacity exponent = 0.90

Calculate the cost of new plant -

Cost of new plant = Cost of old plant * (Size of new plant/Size of old plant)capacity exponent

Cost of new plant =[tex]=\$ 8 \text { million } *(1.33 \mathrm{x} / \mathrm{x})^{0.90}[/tex]

Cost of new plant =[tex]\text { S8 million } *(1.33)^{0.90}[/tex] = $10.34 million

Thus,

The cost of building new plant is $10.34 million.

Final answer:

To find the cost for a fabrication plant 33% larger than a plant costing $8 million, the new plant capacity is calculated as $10.64 million. Due to the capacity exponent of 0.90, the cost increase is less than the capacity increase, resulting in a new cost of $10.248 million.

Explanation:

To find the cost of building a new fabrication plant that is 33% bigger than a similar plant that cost $8 million to build, we start by recognizing that this is a math problem involving economies of scale and the specific capacity exponent, which is 0.90 in this case. The capacity exponent is often used to determine how costs scale with production capacity.

First, we calculate the new size of the plant by increasing the similar plant size by 33%. Since the original plant cost $8 million, we find the increased capacity:
New Capacity = Original Capacity x (1 + Percentage Increase)
New Capacity = $8 million x (1 + 0.33)
New Capacity = $8 million x 1.33
New Capacity = $10.64 million  

However, due to the capacity exponent of 0.90, the cost increase will be less than proportional to the increase in capacity:
New Cost = Original Cost x (New Capacity / Original Capacity) ^ Capacity Exponent
New Cost = $8 million x (1.33) ^ 0.90
New Cost = $8 million x 1.281
New Cost = $10.248 million

The managerial accountant at XYZ Company told her friend that the company expects to announce a major recall in a few weeks. The friend promptly sells all her stock in XYZ. The accountant violated which IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice standards?

Answers

Answer:  The managerial accountant at XYZ Company told her friend that the company expects to announce a major recall in a few weeks. The friend promptly sells all her stock in XYZ. The accountant violated  IMA statement of ethical professional practice standards of Competence.

Explanation:

The IMA statement of ethical professional practice standards of Competence states that each member has the responsibility to provide information that supports the decision and recommend something accurate, clear and timely.

The managerial accountant at XYZ company provided information that was not very accurate. Based on that information, his friend immediately sells his stock in XYZ company. So, in this case, the manager has not helped his friend in taking a viable decision.

Under a job order cost system, costs are accumulated for: Multiple Choice Each individual unit produced. Each job supervisor. Each batch of production, known as a job or lot. Each department in the production cycle.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is letter "C": Each batch of production, known as a job or lot.

Explanation:

Job order cost systems are used to accumulate the cost per unit of items that are different enough, each one having significant costs. Under this costing system each item produced is given its direct material costs, labor costs, and overhead. Clothing, food, and aircraft manufacturing companies use the job order cost system.

Unitary costs are accumulated per batch of productions under this type of costing system.

Final answer:

Costs in a job order cost system are accumulated for each job or lot, with total costs determined by the sum of all inputs multiplied by their factor payments. This system is suitable for tracking production costs of distinctive batches. Understanding economies of scale and the difference between fixed and variable costs is crucial in this context.

Explanation:

Under a job order cost system, costs are accumulated for each batch of production, known as a job or lot. This method is used to track the costs associated with producing a specific batch of products, rather than unit-by-unit or for entire departments. Each job may consist of a single item or a small batch of items, designed to be distinct from other jobs by its particular set of production requirements.

For every input, such as labor or materials, there's an associated factor payment, like wages or material costs. The total cost for producing a job is the sum of the amounts of each input required to produce that quantity of output multiplied by the respective factor payments.

In this context, understanding economies of scale is also necessary. As the quantity of output increases, the cost per unit typically goes down, which means larger production scales can be more cost-efficient.

When assessing costs, it's important to recognize the distinction between fixed costs, which are independent of output levels, and variable costs, which vary based on the production quantity.

Given the following financial statements for GM, the return on assets is ______ percent? (Write your answer as a percentage, rounding to the nearest 100ths place value—e.g., 5.25. Omit the percent sign in your answer.)

Answers

Final answer:

The return on assets can be calculated by dividing the net income by the average total assets and expressing it as a percentage.

Explanation:

The return on assets can be calculated by dividing the net income by the average total assets and expressing it as a percentage.

Return on Assets (ROA) = Net Income / Average Total Assets

For General Motors (GM), to calculate the return on assets, you would need the net income and average total assets data from their financial statements.

Which of the following describes the degree to which a consumer perceives a new product as providing superior​ benefits? A. Relative advantage B. Trialability C. Compatibility D. Complexity E. Observability

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is letter "A": Relative advantage.

Explanation:

American Professor E.M. Rogers (1931-2004) in his book "Diffusion of Innovation" (1962) defined Relative Advantage like the degree to which a consumer observes a new product enhanced than its substitute. Nowadays the concept of relative advantage denotes the degree in which customers perceive the benefits of a new product higher than existing competitors.

The adoption of new products will rely on the relative advantage they can provide to consumers.

A country's overall level of interest rates should have an impact on the financial account of the BOP. Relatively low real interest rates should normally stimulate an outflow of capital seeking higher interest rates in other country currencies.a.True.b. False.

Answers

Answer:True

Explanation:

A country over all level of interest rate should have impact on the financial account of balance of payment because the BOP is the sources and the use of foreign exchange.

On February 1, 2021, Arrow Construction Company entered into a three-year construction contract to build a bridge for a price of $8,510,000. During 2021, costs of $2,170,000 were incurred with estimated costs of $4,170,000 yet to be incurred. Billings of $2,670,000 were sent, and cash collected was $2,420,000.

In 2022, costs incurred were $2,670,000 with remaining costs estimated to be $3,855,000. 2022 billings were $2,920,000 and $2,645,000 cash was collected. The project was completed in 2023 after additional costs of $3,970,000 were incurred. The company’s fiscal year-end is December 31. Arrow recognizes revenue over time according to the percentage of completion.

Required:
1. Compute the amount of revenue and gross profit or loss to be recognized in 2021, 2022, and 2023 using the percentage of completion method.
2a. Prepare journal entries for 2021 to record the transactions described (credit "various accounts" for construction costs incurred).
2b. Prepare journal entries for 2022 to record the transactions described (credit "various accounts" for construction costs incurred).
3a. Prepare a partial balance sheet to show the presentation of the project as of December 31, 2021.
3b. Prepare a partial balance sheet to show the presentation of the project as of December 31, 2022.

Answers

Final answer:

Revenue and gross profit or loss are calculated using the percentage of completion method based on costs incurred and estimated total costs for each of Arrow Construction Company's fiscal years (2021, 2022, 2023). Journal entries would reflect the progression of the construction costs, billings, and revenue recognition.

Explanation:

Calculation of Revenue and Gross Profit/Loss

Using the percentage of completion method, the recognized revenue and gross profit or loss for each year would be calculated based on the costs incurred and the total estimated costs. Here's how to calculate it for each year:

2021:

Total costs incurred to date: $2,170,000

Total estimated costs: $2,170,000 + $4,170,000 = $6,340,000

Percentage of completion: $2,170,000 / $6,340,000 = 34.22%

Revenue recognized: 34.22% of $8,510,000 = $2,910,467

Gross profit: Revenue recognized - Costs incurred = $2,910,467 - $2,170,000 = $740,467

2022:

Total costs incurred to date: $2,170,000 + $2,670,000 = $4,840,000

Total estimated costs: $4,840,000 + $3,855,000 = $8,695,000

Percentage of completion: $4,840,000 / $8,695,000 = 55.68%

Revenue recognized: 55.68% of $8,510,000 = $4,736,028

Gross profit: Revenue recognized - Costs incurred to date = $4,736,028 - $4,840,000 = ($103,972) (loss)

2023:

Total costs incurred: $8,810,000

Total contract price: $8,510,000

Revenue recognized: $8,510,000 (full contract price as project is completed)

Gross profit: Revenue recognized - Costs incurred to date = $8,510,000 - $8,810,000 = ($300,000) (loss)

Journals entries for transactions and partial balance sheet presentations would follow the standard accounting format showing construction in progress, billings on construction contract, and construction costs, among other accounts.

1) Amount of Revenue and Gross profit or loss (2021,2022, and 2023) is $744,624, -$845,305 (Gross Loss), -$199,319 (Gross Loss)

2a) Journal entries for 2021 is (Record construction costs $2,170,000 , Record Billings $2,670,000 , Record cash collected $2,420,000)

2b) Journal entries for 2022 is (Record construction costs $2,670,000 , Record Billings $2,920,000, Record cash collected $2,645,000)

3a) Partial balance sheet for December 31, 2021 is $244,624

3b) Partial balance sheet for December 31, 2022 is $850,681

Percentage of Completion Method for Construction Contract:

Let's calculate the revenue and gross profit to be recognized in each year using the percentage of completion method:

1. Revenue and Gross Profit Calculation:

2021:

Cost Incurred to Date (2021) = $2,170,000Total Estimated Costs (incurred + yet to incur) = $2,170,000 + $4,170,000 = $6,340,000Percentage of Completion = $2,170,000 / $6,340,000 ≈ 34.24%Revenue Recognized = 34.24% of $8,510,000 ≈ $2,914,624Gross Profit = Revenue - Cost Incurred = $2,914,624 - $2,170,000 = $744,624

2022:

Cost Incurred to Date (2021 + 2022) = $2,170,000 + $2,670,000 = $4,840,000Total Estimated Costs (updated) = $4,840,000 + $3,855,000 = $8,695,000Percentage of Completion = $4,840,000 / $8,695,000 ≈ 55.69%Revenue Recognized = 55.69% of $8,510,000 ≈ $4,739,319Revenue to be Recognized in 2022 = $4,739,319 - $2,914,624 ≈ $1,824,695Gross Profit = Revenue - Cost Incurred = $1,824,695 - $2,670,000 = -$845,305 (Gross Loss)

2023:

Cost Incurred to Date (2021 + 2022 + 2023) = $4,840,000 + $3,970,000 = $8,810,000Total Estimated Costs (final) = $8,810,000Percentage of Completion = $8,810,000 / $8,810,000 = 100%Revenue Recognized = 100% of $8,510,000 = $8,510,000Revenue to be Recognized in 2023 = $8,510,000 - $4,739,319 ≈ $3,770,681Gross Profit = Revenue - Cost Incurred = $3,770,681 - $3,970,000 ≈ -$199,319 (Gross Loss)

2. Journal Entries:

2021 Entries:

To record costs incurred:Construction in Progress $2,170,000Various Accounts $2,170,000To record billings:Accounts Receivable $2,670,000Billings on Construction Contract $2,670,000To record collections:Cash $2,420,000Accounts Receivable $2,420,000To recognize revenue and gross profit:Construction Expenses $2,170,000Construction in Progress $744,624Construction Revenue $2,914,624

2022 Entries:

To record costs incurred:Construction in Progress $2,670,000Various Accounts $2,670,000To record billings:Accounts Receivable $2,920,000Billings on Construction Contract $2,920,000To record collections:Cash $2,645,000Accounts Receivable $2,645,000To recognize revenue and gross profit:Construction Expenses $2,670,000Construction in Progress -$845,305Construction Revenue $1,824,695

3. Balance Sheet Presentation:

As of December 31, 2021:

Accounts Receivable: $250,000 ($2,670,000 - $2,420,000)Construction in Progress: $2,170,000 + $744,624 = $2,914,624Less: Billings on Construction Contract: ($2,670,000)Net: $244,624

As of December 31, 2022:

Accounts Receivable: $525,000 ($2,670,000 + $2,920,000 - $2,420,000 - $2,645,000)Construction in Progress: $2,914,624 - $845,305 + $2,670,000 = $4,739,319Less: Billings on Construction Contract: ($2,670,000 + $2,920,000 = $5,590,000)Net: ($850,681)

Jefferson's recently paid an annual dividend of $1.31 per share. The dividend is expected to decrease by 4% each year. How much should you pay for this stock today if your required return is 16%?

Answers

Answer:

$6.29

Explanation:

Dividend is $1.31 per share

Decreased by 4%

Required return is 16%

Therefore:

Price = [$1.31 × (1 - .04)]/[.16 - (-.04)] = $6.29

Answer:

I should pay $10.92 per share for the stock today  as shown below

Explanation:

The maximum price a rational investor could pay for a share is given by the formula:

Po=Div/rate of return-growth rate

Po is the price to paid

Rate of return here is 16%,which is similar to return on equity

The growth rate of the share of the dividend is 4%

Po=$1.31/(0.16-0.04)

Po =$10.92

The price has factored in both the dividend yield and gains yield of the share.

dividend yield is the return earned by share through dividends

gains yield is another return earned by share through appreciation in its price in the market place-stock exchange

Total return on return on share is the sum of both.

Members of a general partnership have a _______________ relationship to each other; that is, each owes the other due care in actions associated with the partnership.

Answers

Answer:

Fiduciary.

Explanation:

A fiduciary is known as a person or organization that acts on behalf of another person or persons to manage assets. Essentially, a fiduciary owes to that other entity the duties of good faith and trust. The highest legal duty of one party to another, being a fiduciary requires being bound ethically to act in the other's best interests.

A fiduciary might also be responsible for general well-being, but often the task involves finances, managing the assets of another person, or of a group of people, for example. Money managers, financial advisors, bankers, accountants, executors, board members, and corporate officers all have fiduciary responsibility.

When a company has become proficient in modifying, upgrading, or deepening the company's resources and capabilities in response to its changing environment and market opportunities, it is called a______________.a. core competence. b. dynamic capability.c. strategic assessment.d. competitive strength matrix.e. distinct competence.

Answers

Answer:

b. dynamic capability

Explanation:

The competence described in the question is a company's dynamic capability because it represents the company's ability to change its internal functions according to the dynamics of external enviroment.

A company with a high dynamic capability is able to assess the changes that the market is going through, and adpat itself to those changes. A company that lacks dynamic capability can easily be swayed by market changes, and lose market share, or even, disappear completely.

A good that has a lot of substitutes, that is a luxury and is relatively inexpensive will most likely have a price elasticity of demand that is a. a little higher than 1 b. closer to 10 c. a little lower than 1 d. exactly 1

Answers

Answer:

The answer is A.

Explanation:

The price elasticity of demand is a little higher than 1.

This means it is price elastic. That is, the demand is sensitive to price. Why? -

1. The good has a lot of substitutes, meaning the bargaining power of buyers is high. Any increase in the price of the good will lead to customers switching to the substitutes.

2. Also, the good is also a luxury good and not a necessity. Luxury goods, unlike necessity goods are not essential. So an increase in price might see customers moving away.

If a demand is inelastic to price, price elasticity of demand will be less than one.

Assume that the Assembly Department allocates overhead using a plantwide overhead rate based on machine hours. How much total overhead will be assigned to a product that requires 1 direct labor hour and 2.5 machine hours in the Assembly Department, and 3.5 direct labor hours and 0.5 machine hours in the Finishing Department?

Answers

Answer:

Instructions are listed below.

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Assume that the Assembly Department allocates overhead using a plantwide overhead rate based on machine hours.

The first thing that we need is the predetermined overhead rate. We weren't provided with this information, but I will give the formula and a small example to guide an answer:

To calculate the estimated manufacturing overhead rate we need to use the following formula:

Estimated manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base

For example:

Estimated overhead= $200,000

Estimated machine hours= 35,000

Estimated manufacturing overhead rate= 200,000/35,000= $5.71 per machine hour

Now, we can allocate overhead:

Allocated MOH= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate* Actual amount of allocation base

Because it is a plantwide overhead rate, we need to sum the total machine hours required:

Machine hours= 2.5 + 0.5= 3 machine hours

Allocated MOH= 5.71*3= $17.13 per unit

Final answer:

To calculate the total overhead assigned to the product, the overhead rates for the Assembly and Finishing Departments are determined based on their respective allocation bases. These rates are then applied to the product's usage of machine hours and labor hours, resulting in a total overhead of $13.985.

Explanation:

To calculate the total overhead assigned to the product, we need to determine the overhead rates for both the Assembly and Finishing Departments and then apply these rates to the product's resource usage.

The Assembly Department allocates overhead based on machine hours (MH), while the Finishing Department allocates based on direct labor hours (DLH).

First, we calculate the overhead rates:

Assembly Department overhead rate = Overhead costs / Machine hours = $330,000 / 300,000 MH = $1.10 per MHFinishing Department overhead rate = Overhead costs / Direct labor hours = $450,000 / 140,000 DLH = $3.21 per DLH

Next, we apply these rates to the product's use of department resources:

Assembly Department overhead for the product = 2.5 MH x $1.10 per MH = $2.75Finishing Department overhead for the product = 3.5 DLH x $3.21 per DLH = $11.235

The total overhead assigned to the product is the sum of the overheads from both departments.

Therefore, Total Overhead = Assembly Overhead + Finishing Overhead = $2.75 + $11.235 = $13.985.

Hazardous Materials (HazMat) are regulated by several different government agencies. The five main federal agencies involved in HazMat regulation are the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and ___________.

Answers

Answer:

Department of transportation (DOT)

Explanation:

HazMat(hazardous materials) are hazardous substances in quantities that may pose a high risk to health, property, and the environment. HAZMATs include substances such as as toxic chemicals, fuels, nuclear waste products, and biological, chemical, and radiological agents.

HazMat is a substance that may pose serious threat to property, life or the environment if such substances are not well stored, shipped or handled.

Suppose on January 1 Austin​'s Tavern prepaid rent of $ 13 comma 200 for the full year. At May 31​, how much rent expense should be recorded for the period January 1 through May 31​? At May 31, Austin's Tavern should record $ 3,300 of rent expense.

Answers

Answer:

Austin's Tavern should record $5,500 as rent expense at May 31.

Explanation:

When an amount is prepaid, it is recorded in the books by debiting prepaid expense (rent in this case) and crediting cash account. When the expense is incurred, the required entries are debit rent expense and credit prepaid rent.

If $13,200 was prepaid for the full year as at 1 January, as at May 31, expense incurred

= 5/12 × $13,200

= $5,500

Hence Austin's Tavern should record $5,500 as rent expense at May 31.

At December ​31, John Photography Supplies estimated that approximately 5 ​% of merchandise sold will be returned. Sales Revenue for the year was $ 90 comma 000 with a cost of $ 58 comma 000 . Journalize the adjusting entries needed to account for the estimated returns.

Answers

Answer:

Date                         Description                                Debit           Credit

31st Dec              Sales Revenue                               $4,500

                          Refunds Payable                                               $4,500

31st Dec           Inventory Estimated Returns             $2,900

                        Cost of Goods Sold                                             $2,900

Explanation:

First, the obvious facts about the question

Estate of returned merchandise = 5%

Sales revenue for the year = $90,000

Cost of goods sold = $59,000

Step 1: Sales Revenue is already $90,000 Credit entry (it is an income) and as such any return will have a debit entry to reduce the revenue as follows

Return = 0.05 x $90,000 = $4,500

This same refunds will also go into the refunds payable account as a current liability  (credit entry)

Step 2: The returns will also affect the inventory and cost of sales as follows

0.05 x $58,000 =  $2,900

This will increase the inventory 9debit side and reduce cost of sales credit side.

Journal Entries

Date                         Description                                Debit           Credit

31st Dec              Sales Revenue                               $4,500

                          Refunds Payable                                               $4,500

31st Dec           Inventory Estimated Returns             $2,900

                        Cost of Goods Sold                                             $2,900

Final answer:

The entry in the Journal to account for estimated returns from sales of merchandise will require adjustments of Sales Returns and Allowances and the Cost of Goods Sold. This is done by estimating 5% of the sales and 5% of the COGS which result to $4,500 and $2,550 respectively.

Explanation:

At the end of the year, John Photography Supplies estimated that 5% of the $90,000 worth of sold merchandise will be returned. This implies that the return is expected to be $4,500 (5% of $90,000). The Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) is $58,000 for the year. When accounting for the estimated returns, we would have two adjusting entries:

Sales Returns and Allowances: Debit $4,500, and Credit Sales Revenue: $4,500Inventory: Debit $2,550 (5% of COGS), and Credit COGS: $2,550

This adjust the sales revenue and the COGS downwards, thereby estimating the impact of the goods that are expected to be returned.

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A company has determined that its optimal capital structure consists of 43 percent debt and the rest is equity. Given the following information, calculate the firm's weighted average cost of capital.kd = 7.0 %Tax rate = 35 %P0 = $ 28.86 Growth = 4.9 %D1 = $ 0.94 Show your answer to the nearest .1%

Answers

Answer:

31.5%

Explanation:

Given from the question kd = 7.0 %

Tax rate = 35 %

P0 = $ 28.86

Growth g = 4.9 %

D1 = $ 0.94

First find the cost of common stock by

rS = D1/P0 + g

=0.94/$28.86 + 0.49

=0.523

= 52.3%

Finally, calculate the weighted average cost of capital WACC,

using rs= 0.523,

Tax rate =43% =0.43

Equity E 100% - 43% = 57% =0.57 and

kd=7.0 % = 0.07

so WACC = (D/A)(1 -­ Tax rate)kd+(E/A)rs

= 0.43(1 ­- 0.43)(0.07) + 0.57(0.523)

0.0172 + 0.298

= 0.315

= 31.5%

a. The company provided $2,200 in services to customers that are expected to pay the company sometime in January following the company's year-end.

b. Wage expenses of $1,200 have been incurred but are not paid as of December 31.

c. The company has a $5,200 bank loan and has incurred but not recorded an 8% interest expense of $416 for the year ended December 31. The company will pay the $416 interest in cash on January 2 following the company's year-end.

d. The company contracted with a firm for lawn services to be provided at a monthly fee of $520 with payment occurring on the 15th of the following month. Payment for December services will occur on January 15 following the company's year-end.

e. The company has earned $220 in Interest revenue from investments for the year ended December 31. The interest revenue will be received on January 15 following the company's year-end.

f. Salary expenses of $920 have been earned by supervisors but not paid as of December 31.

Prepare year-end adjusting journal entries as of December 31, 2017, for each of the above separate cases.

Answers

Answer:

Year end journal entries are given below in explanation

Explanation:

a. Company provided service to customer which means that company has earned revenue

Account                                             Dr                  Cr

Accounts Receivable                       2200

Sales/Revenue                                                        2200

b. Wages expense have incurred but are not paid yet. Thus, its Liability should be booked.

Wages Expense                                1200

Wages payable / Liability                                        1200

c. The company has taken loan from the bank. Interest due on the loan is 416 but are not paid yet.

Interest Expense                                416

interest Payable                                                       416

d.  The company had contract for lawn service. To book the expense of lawn service

Lawn Service Expense                        520

Lawn Service Payable                                                520

e. The company has also made some investment. $ 220 is earned on that investment. to book the non operating income

Interest revenue receivable                220

Interest revenue - Non operating income                   220

f. Salaries of Supervisor is due on  31 st December but are not paid yet.

Salaries Expense                                   920

Salaries payable                                                              920                              

Answer:

You have to identify which account will affect each transaction and if the nature is Debit or Credit:

a. Sales (C) $ 2,200 and Accounts Receivable (D) $ 2,200

b. Wages expenses (D) $ 1,200 and Wages payables (C) $ 1,200

c. Interes expenses (D) $ 416 and Interes payable (C) $ 416

d. Sales (C) $ 520 and Accounts Receivable (D) $ 520

e. Interes income (C) $ 220  and Other Accounts Receivable (D) $ 220

f. Salary expenses (D) $ 920 and Salaries payables (C) $ 920

Dave's Duds reported cost of goods sold of $1,600,000 this year. The inventory account increased by $210,000 during the year to an ending balance of $455,000. What was the cost of merchandise that Dave's purchased during the year? Multiple Choice $1,810,000. $1,390,000. $1,145,000. $2,055,000.

Answers

Answer:

$1,810,000

Explanation:

Given that,

Cost of goods sold = $1,600,000

Inventory increases by  = $210,000

Ending balance in inventory = $455,000

Opening Balance of Inventory:

= Ending balance in inventory - Inventory account increased Compare to Beginning

= $455,000 - $210,000

= $245,000

Cost of Inventory purchased:

= Cost of Goods Sold + Ending Balance of Inventory - Opening Balance of Inventory

= $1,600,000 + $455,000 - $245,000

= $1,810,000

A firm's net working capital and all of its expenses vary directly with sales. The firm is operating currently at 96 percent of capacity. The firm wants no additional external financing of any kind.
1. Which one of the following statements related to the firm's pro forma statements for next year must be correct?
A. the firm cannot exceed its internal rate of growth.
B. The maximum rate of sales increase is 4 percent.C. The projected owners' equity will equal this year's ending equity balanceD. Total liabilities will remain constant at this year's value.E. Fixed assets must remain constant at the current level.

Answers

Answer:

A. the firm cannot exceed its internal rate of growth.

Explanation:

The internal growth rate is the highest level of growth that a business can achieve without any external financing. It is the level of business operations that the business can maintain on its own, and without issuing equity to gain funding.

The firm's working capital and expenses will vary directly with sales revenue.

This is a good measure of how start-ups can survive without outside funding.

Internal growth is used by businesses to maximise output from use of their processes. For example increasing efficiency of a companie's machinery to increase output.

January budgeted selling and administrative expenses for the retail shoe store that Craig Shea plans to open on January 1, year 1, are as follows: sales commissions, $50,000; rent, $30,000; utilities, $10,000; depreciation, $5,000; and miscellaneous, $2,500. Utilities are paid in the month after they are incurred. Other expenses are expected to be paid in cash in the month in which they are incurred. Required Determine the amount of budgeted cash payments for January selling and administrative expenses. Determine the amount of utilities payable the store will report on the January 31 pro forma balance sheet. Determine the amount of depreciation expense the store will report on the income statement for year 1, assuming that monthly depreciation remains the same for the entire year.

Answers

Answer:

1. The budgeted cash payment for January selling and administrative expenses is $82,500.

2. The amount of utilities payable is $10,000.

3. The amount of depreciation expense the store will report on the income statement for year 1 is $60,000

Explanation:

1. Determine the amount of budgeted cash payments for January selling and administrative expenses.

Budgeted cash payment = Sales commissions + Rent + Miscellaneous

                                         = $50,000 + $30,000 + $2,500

Budgeted cash payment = $82,500.

Therefore, the budgeted cash payment for January selling and administrative expenses is $82,500.

2. Determine the amount of utilities payable the store will report on the January 31 pro forma balance sheet.

Since utilities are paid in the month after they are incurred, the amount of utilities payable is $10,000.

3. Determine the amount of depreciation expense the store will report on the income statement for year 1, assuming that monthly depreciation remains the same for the entire year.

Depreciation expenses for year 1 = $5,000 × 12 = $60,000.

Therefore, the amount of depreciation expense the store will report on the income statement for year 1 is $60,000.

Note that depreciation is not a cash expenses but just a recognition of the wear and tear of the asset. That is why it does not fall under any cash category above but to be reported in the income statement.

The budgeted cash payments for January selling and administrative expenses are $87,500. Utilities payable on the January 31 pro forma balance sheet is $10,000. Yearly depreciation expense is $60,000.

To determine the budgeted cash payments for January selling and administrative expenses, we sum up all the expenses except for utilities, which are paid in the month after they are incurred:

[tex]\[ Cash\ Payments = Sales\ Commissions + Rent + Depreciation + Miscellaneous \]\[ Cash\ Payments = \$50,000 + \$30,000 + \$5,000 + \$2,500 \]\[ Cash\ Payments = \$87,500 \][/tex]

So, the budgeted cash payments for January selling and administrative expenses are $87,500.

To determine the amount of utilities payable on the January 31 pro forma balance sheet, we simply take the utilities expense of $10,000 because it's paid in the month following its incurrence:

[tex]\[ Utilities\ Payable = \$10,000 \][/tex]

For the amount of depreciation expense the store will report on the income statement for year 1, assuming monthly depreciation remains the same for the entire year, we take the monthly depreciation and multiply it by 12:

[tex]\[ Yearly\ Depreciation\ Expense = Monthly\ Depreciation \times 12 \]\[ Yearly\ Depreciation\ Expense = \$5,000 \times 12 \]\[ Yearly\ Depreciation\ Expense = \$60,000 \][/tex]

So, the store will report $60,000 of depreciation expense on the income statement for year 1.

Teenage Fanclub Printings sold annual subscriptions to their magazine for $30,000 in December 2017. The magazine is published monthly. The new subscribers received their first magazine in January 2018. 19. Show the adjusting entry should be made in January if the subscriptions were originally recorded as a liability? 0. What amount will be reported on the January 2018 balance sheet for Unearned Subscription Revenue?

Answers

Answer: Debit Unearned revenue (liability) $2,500, Credit Revenue $2,500.

Balance in unearned revenue as at 31 January 2018 is $30,000 - $2,500 = $27,500.

Explanation: In the answer above, it was assumed that the sale of the annual subscriptions took place at the end of December 2017. If it had taken place at the beginning of December 2017, the balance in the unearned revenue would reduce by 2 months.

The subscriptions were recorded as a liability because the total amount was not earned when the sale transaction took place. Unwinding of the unearned revenue to revenue takes place at the time the subscribers get their magazine.

Therefore, monthly unwinding of unearned revenue to revenue would be $30,000 / 12 = $2,500. The adjusting entries Teenage Fanclub Printings would have raised when the initial sale took place would be: Debit Account receivable / Cash $30,000, Credit Unearned revenue $30,000. Monthly unwinding of unearned revenue will therefore be Debit Unearned revenue $2,500 Credit Revenue $2,500 till the revenue is fully recognized and the unearned revenue becomes nil.

The adjusting entry should be

Unearned revenue (liability) $2,500

         Revenue $2,500.

The Balance in unearned revenue should be $27,500

Adjusting entry & the balance in unearned revenue:

The adjusting entry is

Unearned revenue (liability) $2,500 ($30,000 / 12 months)

         Revenue $2,500

(being the adjusting entry is recorded)

here the liability is debited as it decreased while the revenue is credited as it increased.

Now the balance in the unearned revenue should be

= $30,000 - $2,500

= $27,500

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Consolidation Eliminating Entries, Date of Acquisition and Two Years Later Plaza Hotels acquired a 90 percent interest in Stardust Casinos on January 1, 2020 for $51,100,000. The fair value of the 10 percent noncontrolling interest at the date of acquisition was $2,900,000. Stardust’s date-ofacquisition reported net assets were carried at amounts approximating fair value, except for these items: • Plant and equipment, 10-year life, straight-line, is overvalued by $6,000,000. • Previously unrecorded limited-life identifiable intangibles, 4-year life, straight-line, were valued at $8,000,000. Stardust’s equity accounts at the date of acquisition were as follows: Capital stock $300,000 Retained earnings 1,650,000 Accumulated other comprehensive income 50,000 Total $2,000,000 Stardust reports net income of $4,000,000 and other comprehensive loss of $10,000 for 2021. Stardust reported net income of $2,800,000 and other comprehensive income of $25,000 in 2020. Stardust did not declare any dividends in either year. Goodwill from this acquisition is impaired by $200,000 during 2021, but was not impaired in 2020. Required a. Calculate the original goodwill for this acquisition and its allocation to controlling and noncontrolling interests. In what ratio is goodwill allocated between controlling and noncontrolling interests? Enter your answers in thousands ($51,100,000 equals $51,100 in thousands). Enter your ratio answers in percentages.

Answers

Answer:

a. AT ACQUISITION DATE TOTAL   Parent      NCI

Capital stock    300   270           30

retained earnings   1650 1485 1650

goodwill       52050  46845 5205

investment    54000 51100 29000

b.Goodwill is allocated at 9:1 ratio

90% ; 10% given

Explanation:

The difference in these amounts is big, suspicions of error in typing amounts in the question. Even after the answer is in thousands

Original goodwill is calculated using the fair value of the consideration transferred plus the fair value of the noncontrolling interest, less the adjusted net assets at acquisition. It amounted to $50,000,000 for the Plaza Hotels acquisition of Stardust Casinos, with allocations of $45,000,000 to the controlling interest and $5,000,000 to the noncontrolling interest, following a ratio of 90:10.

Calculation of Original Goodwill and Its Allocation

The calculation of original goodwill in the context of a business combination, such as an acquisition, takes into account the fair value of the consideration transferred, the fair value of the noncontrolling interest, and the fair value adjustments for identifiable net assets of the acquire.

When Plaza Hotels acquired a 90 percent interest in Stardust Casinos, the goodwill was calculated based on the acquisition price, the fair value of the noncontrolling interest, and fair value adjustments.

The original purchase price for the 90% interest was $51,100,000, and the fair value of the noncontrolling interest for the remaining 10% was $2,900,000, leading to a total fair value of the business of $54,000,000 ($51,100,000 + $2,900,000).

The book value of Stardust's equity was $2,000,000, but adjustments were needed for items not reflected at fair value.

Plant and equipment were overvalued by $6,000,000 and needed to be reduced, while the previously unrecorded intangible assets valued at $8,000,000 were added.

Adjusted net assets of Stardust at acquisition were:
Book value of equity: $2,000,000

Less overvaluation of plant and equipment: $6,000,000

Addition for intangibles not previously recorded: $8,000,000

Adjusted net assets = $4,000,000 ($2,000,000 - $6,000,000 + $8,000,000). Original goodwill can then be calculated as follows:

Total fair value of Stardust ($54,000,000) - Adjusted net assets ($4,000,000) = $50,000,000.

This total goodwill is then allocated between the controlling and noncontrolling interests based on their ownership percentages:

Goodwill attributed to controlling interest (Plaza Hotels): 90% x $50,000,000 = $45,000,000

Goodwill attributed to noncontrolling interest: 10% x $50,000,000 = $5,000,000

The ratio of goodwill allocation between controlling and noncontrolling interests is 90:10.

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