Answer:
The correct answer is B - high mountains may be built during continent-continent collision.
Explanation:
A convergent plate boundary is where two or more tectonic plates collide. When this happens, subduction (one of the plates will slide under the other) occurs.
During continent-continent collision, a high mountain range is usually formed.
Distinguish between regional and contact metamorphism. a. Contact metamorphism occurs when chemically active fluids flow through a large region of preexisting rock; regional metamorphism occurs when large quantities of rock are subjected to high heat and pressure during mountain building. b. Regional metamorphism occurs when magma intrudes existing rock and heats it enough to cause metamorphic changes; contact metamorphism occurs when large quantities of rock are subjected to high heat and pressure during mountain building. c. Contact metamorphism occurs when magma intrudes existing rock and heats it enough to cause metamorphic changes; regional metamorphism occurs when large quantities of rock are subjected to high heat and pressure during mountain building. d. Regional metamorphism and contact metamorphism both occur when quantities of rock are subjected to high heat and pressure during mountain building, but regional metamorphism affects over a greater area. e. Regional metamorphism occurs when chemically active fluids flow through a large region of preexisting rock; contact metamorphism occurs when magma intrudes existing rock and heats it enough to cause metamorphic changes.
Answer:
Option c
Explanation:
Regional metamorphisim occurs as a result of tectonic activity and is characterized with low temp and high pressure conditions over a large area while contact metamorphism occurs intrudes existing rocks.
Contact metamorphism is a localized process that involves rock alteration due to intrusion of magma, impacting a relatively small area. On the contrary, regional metamorphism is a large-scale process that transforms rock over a wide area due to tectonic activity and is associated with phenomena like mountain building.
Explanation:The difference between regional and contact metamorphism is due to the conditions under which they occur and the extent of their influence. Contact metamorphism occurs when magma intrudes into the surrounding solid rock body, causing a high gradation of heat and altering the existing rock. This process typically affects a relatively small area surrounding the intrusion.
On the other hand, regional metamorphism involves the transformation of large volumes of rock over a wide geographic area, primarily due to the intense heat and pressure associated with tectonic processes such as mountain building. Therefore, the main difference lies in the scale and conditions of the metamorphism process.
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With increasing distance from an oceanic ridge, the rocks become older. the rocks become younger. the rocks' ages alternate between younger and older. All of the choices; different patterns occur at different ridges.A. TrueB. False
Answer:
Option (1)
False
Explanation:
The mid-oceanic ridge is one of the main features in the divergent plate boundary. Seafloor spreading takes place along this ridge, where the lithosphere becomes thin because of the uprising magma. The magma erupts at the surface forming a ridge which is commonly known as the mid-oceanic ridge.
As the magma melts at this ridge due to the decompression process, it solidifies and forms young basaltic igneous rocks. These are geologically the youngest rocks. With the increasing distance right from the mid-oceanic ridge, the age of the rocks increases.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1).
At this mid-oceanic ridge, when the magma erupts at the seafloor, it is comprised of magnetic minerals, which shows a specific pattern in the orientation of the earth's magnetic polarity. This forms alternate stripes, that starts from the mid-oceanic ridge and eventually expand outward. This pattern of earth's magnetic polarity is found in all the mid-oceanic ridges on earth.
Hence the given statement is false.
Rocks do get older the further you get from an oceanic ridge, due to seafloor spreading and the process of new rock formation at these rift zones, where tectonic activity is most prevalent. This creates a pattern in which the youngest rocks are found closest to the ridge, and the age increases with distance.
Explanation:The statement in the question, 'With increasing distance from an oceanic ridge, the rocks become older.' is true. This pattern is a consequence of seafloor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, which are active rift zones. As tectonic plates pull apart, magma rises to the seafloor, cools, and solidifies to form new rock. Over time, this process pushes older rock further away from the ridge as new rock forms. Plate tectonics and volcanic forces form new terrains and contribute to this cycle, leading to an observable pattern where the age of rocks increases the further you move from the ridge.
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why is it that the west coast of the United States never has problems with tropical cyclones, while tropical cyclones annually cause significant destruction along the east coast of the United States?
Answer:
I believe It's because the Caribbean and Islands further down are more towards the equator since it's warmer. The temperature can have an increase in storms mostly a result of the tropics.
Explanation:
Some of the heat that affects geologic processes comes from the Sun and some comes from inside the Earth What does each of these heat sources play in Earth processes?
(a) If you take off your shoes on a beach or any sandy environment and walk on it on a hot, sunny day is the sand hot or cold? Why?
Now, dig down in the sand just a few inches.
What do you feel now, and why? What does this sugsest about the depth to which heat from the Sun can penetrate the Eartha
Base th Based on this condlusion is the Sun's energy or Earth's intemal heat the cause of melting rock within the Earth? Explain
(b) The deeper down one goes into mines or drill holes, the hotter it gets. This temperature increase is geothermal gradient. Does this phenomenon support or contradict your conclusion in (a)? Explain
Answer:
(a) On a beach or in any sandy environment, on a sunny day, the sand would be hot.
This is caused by conduction. This is the heat transfer from the sun to the sand. However, sand is a poor conductor of heat. Only the parts exposed receives this heat energy from the sun. It restricts the flow of this energy to parts that are hidden from the exposure.
That is why the surface is hot, but when you dig down the sand a few inches, it becomes cool.
Based on this conclusion, it is evident that the Earth's internal heat is the cause of melting rock within the earth (except the earth doesn't have layers of soil but has layers of aluminum instead). Like I explained above, the energy from the sun cannot penetrate to that depth and start melting rocks (it have not even melted surface rocks).
The Earth's internal heat is caused by either radioactive decay, friction forces from the movement of denser core materials and the initial heat when the planet was formed. It is very intense and concentrated at this depth.
(b) It does not contradict my conclusion in (a)
Let us look at it from this angle. Earth's structure. The outer part is the crust. When you start digging or descending from the crust, you get to the mantle which is next to the core. The core is the hottest part in earth with temperatures reaching 5000 degrees Celsius. Now the temperature in this core is even affecting the mantle. This mantle is the liquid outer core. So definitely, the deeper you dig or descend, the hotter it gets. This is caused by the structure of the earth.
Modern depositional rates of carbonate sediment in the Caribbean Sea are 1.55cm/1,000yrs. Given this rate, how long would it take to deposit a 100 m thick layer of limestone?
Answer:
In order to deposit 100 meters of limestone layer, it will take 6,451,600 years
Explanation:
Given that,
The rate of deposition carbonate sediments is 1.55 cm in 1,000 years
⇒ 1.55 cm = 1,000 years
⇒ 1 cm = [tex]\frac{1000}{1.55}[/tex]
⇒ 1 cm = 645.16 years
∵ 1 m = 100 cm
∴ 100 m = 100 × 100 cm
⇒ 100 m = 10,000 cm
So, the time it will take for carbonate to deposit 100 m thick layer of limestone will be-
⇒ 10,000 cm (100 meter) = 645.16 × 10,000 years
⇒ 100 meters = 6,451,600 years
What term describes the sudden decrease of land by flowing water or waves often caused by hurricanes and other storms?
The term for the sudden decrease of land caused by flowing water or waves during storms is called a storm surge. It involves a rapid rise in sea level due to both low pressure at the hurricane's center and wind-driven water piling up along the coast, leading to coastal flooding and associated land damage.
The term that describes the sudden decrease of land caused by flowing water or waves, often caused by hurricanes and other storms, is known as a storm surge. A storm surge is characterized as a temporary condition where a significant rise in sea level along the coast occurs, leading to the inundation of normally dry land areas. This event is typically the result of two processes: a pressure surge created by the hurricane's low-pressure eye, which pulls water upwards, and a wind-driven surge that pushes water onto the shore as the hurricane approaches landfall. These surges can lead to severe coastal flooding and erosion and can be exacerbated by factors like high tide, the geography of the coast, and the hurricane's speed and intensity.
In addition to directly causing flooding, storm surges can also lead to overwash, which is caused by waves that rush over a coastal barrier, whether natural or artificial, during a storm. Furthermore, storm surges are linked to landslides when the force of water saturates the soil on slopes, leading to their collapse. Overall, storm surges represent the most destructive aspect of hurricanes and can result in significant damage to coastal areas and structures, as well as loss of life.
What is the overall population density of the Amazon Basin?
a. 501–1000 people per square kilometer
b. 101–250 people per square kilometer
c. fewer than 6 people per square kilometer
d. more than 12,801 people per square kilometer
e. 251–500 people per square kilometer
Final answer:
The overall population density of the Amazon Basin is fewer than 6 people per square kilometer. This is reflective of the large uninhabited areas and isolated indigenous communities spread across the Amazon rainforests.
Explanation:
The overall population density of the Amazon Basin is far lower than the high densities seen in regions such as urban South Asia or highly fertile agricultural lands. The Amazon Basin is known for its vast rainforests and is the least densely populated region in South America due to the presence of large uninhabited areas and indigenous communities living in isolation. Considering the characteristics of the region, such as being home to isolated Amerindian groups and the presence of significant forested areas, the population density is certainly not in the higher brackets.
When comparing the given options with what we know about the Amazon Basin, the best answer is that the Amazon Basin has a population density of fewer than 6 people per square kilometer (option c). This is because, outside of certain urban areas like Manaus, the population is quite sparse and the development within the Basin—such as deforestation, mining, and cattle ranching—has not been as extensive to significantly increase the population density in areas where Amerindian populations and extensive rainforests are present.
Describe radiometric dating and discuss three prerequisites that must be met in order to obtain a reliable radiometric date on a granite batholith. What are the various methods of radiometric dating that may be used?
Answer:
Radiometric dating is usually defined as a method that helps in calculating the age of rock depending on the presence of radioactive isotopes and its rate of decay. In order to calculate this, the half-life of the isotope element must be known. This method is commonly used by geologists.
The conditions that are needed to fulfill in order to determine the age of a granitic batholith are as follows-
The rate at which these materials decay must be a constant There should be an exact amount of both the parent as well as the daughter elements. Since it is a batholith, so it has formed from the crystallization of magma at a certain depth. So, these granitic rocks must have remained within a closed system, right from the time of its formation.The various methods of radiometric dating that can be used to date this granitic batholith are-
Uranium-lead dating- It is an efficient method to date the rocks that are of about 4 to 4.5 billion years. Potassium-argon dating- It is also commonly used to date rocks that are about 4 billion years old.Final answer:
Radiometric dating uses the decay of radioactive isotopes to date rocks and fossils. Three prerequisites for accurate dating include starting with no daughter isotopes, the rock being a closed system, and a consistent decay rate. Various isotopes, such as Uranium-238 to Lead-206, are used for dating.
Explanation:
Radiometric Dating in Geology
Radiometric dating is a technique used by geologists to determine the absolute age of rocks, minerals, and fossils by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes within them. Three prerequisites for obtaining a reliable radiometric date on a granite batholith are:
Initial Condition: When the rock formed, it must have contained no daughter isotopes, ensuring all measured daughter isotopes came from radioactive decay.
Closed System: Since formation, the rock must have remained a closed system, meaning no parent or daughter isotopes were added or removed.
Consistent Decay Rate: The decay rate of the radioactive isotopes used for dating must be known and constant over time.
Various methods of radiometric dating include using isotopes such as Uranium-238 decaying to Lead-206 for dating very old materials. This U-Pb dating reveals that the oldest rocks on Earth solidified around 3.5 billion years ago. Other radioisotopes may also be used depending on the material and the time period being studied.
What type of coastal management mechanism does Dr. Pilkey believe should be introduced in the long-term?
Answer:
The type of coastal management mechanism that Dr. Pilkey believes should be introduced in the long-term is the beachfront mechanism.
Explanation:
According to Dr. Pilkey, it would be crucial to bring in the local residents of coastal areas in the operations of coastal management so as to cease the activities that cause coastal erosion. He believed for the long-term conversation of coasts, the locals can be trained to implement the beachfront mechanism make the locals take care of their own beaches.Mali is a former French colony in West Africa. It has been independent since 1960 but remains heavily dependent upon France for financial assistance, and often has to yield to French political decisions to get aid from France. Mali suffers from a textbook case of
Answer:
Neocolonialism
Explanation:
Neocolonialism is the concept of using capitalism, and economic pressure to yield a former colony to political decisions instead of using the direct colonial method.
The distance between scale markings on the horizontal scale is 100 km. Comparison of the vertical and horizontal scales indicates that the horizontal scale distance between tic marks is ________ times that of the vertical scale.
a.1
b.10
c.100
d.1000
Answer:
c.100
Explanation:
The distance between scale markings on the horizontal scale is 100 km. Comparison of the vertical and horizontal scales indicates that the horizontal scale distance between tic marks is __100_ times that of the vertical scale.
Notice that at the divergent boundary, the crust is experiencing tensional stress, which is causing a normal fault that results in seismic activity, and that the volcanic activity is caused by upwelling of mafic lavas from the mantle. On the other hand, convergent boundaries are the result of compression stresses leading to plate collisions, which create numerous thrust and reverse faults that are responsible for seismic activity. Volcanic activity at convergent boundaries is created by andesitic lavas produced by the partial melting of a subducting plate.
Which features and characteristics associated with divergent boundaries and which not, will you determine?
Divergent and convergent boundaries exhibit different features and characteristics. Divergent boundaries are associated with tensional stress, normal faults, and volcanic activity from mafic lavas. Convergent boundaries experience compression stress, create thrust and reverse faults, and exhibit volcanic activity from andesitic lavas.
Explanation:Divergent boundaries are characterized by tensional stress, resulting in normal faults and seismic activity. This type of boundary is also associated with volcanic activity caused by the upwelling of mafic lavas from the mantle. On the other hand, convergent boundaries are the result of compression stresses, leading to plate collisions. These boundaries create thrust and reverse faults and are responsible for seismic activity. Volcanic activity at convergent boundaries is caused by andesitic lavas produced by the partial melting of a subducting plate.
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Rocks may be broken down as a result of biological weathering, which is a change in the minerals that compose rocks when they are exposed to air and water.
O True O False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Biological Weathering involves and including living organisms not necessarily when they are exposed to air and water.
IQs as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale are approximately Normally distributed with mean 100 and standard deviation 15. According to the 68-95-99.7 Rule, about _______ percent of adults will have IQs of at least 70.
According to the 68-95-99.7 Rule, about 97.5% of adults will have IQs of at least 70.
Explanation:IQ scores are generally distributed normally which indicates that they form a symmetric, bell-shaped curve when graphed, with most scores clustering around the middle. According to the 68-95-99.7 Rule, also known as the Empirical Rule, we know that approximately 68% of the values lie within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99.7% within three standard deviations.
In the case of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, an IQ score of 70 is two standard deviations below the mean. Using the Empirical Rule, we can determine that approximately 95% of adults' IQ scores will lie between 70 (100 - 2 * 15) and 130 (100 + 2 * 15). Therefore, to find the percentage of adults with IQs of at least 70, we look at the lower tail which accounts for 2.5% (100% - 97.5%) of the distribution lying beyond two standard deviations below the mean. Subtracting this from 100% gives us 97.5%, which is the percentage of adults who will have IQs of at least 70.
The idea of continental drift was not proposed until the 1960s, when the first evidence to support it was discovered. True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The theory of continental drift was first proposed by geophysicist Alfred Wegener who believed that due to origin from same continent million years back, animal and plant species in current time though located on different land parcel have similarity in some or the other way.
However, after the acceptance of plate tectonic theory and series of magnetic surveys conducted in 1960, the idea of theory of continental drift strengthened and the wegner's theory was rectified as he proposed that continents do not originate from the ocean surface.
Hence, the given statement is false
Calculate how many meters of distance are equivalent to 11,700 years, using the metaphor-conversion-factor of 1,000,000 years per kilometer. In other words, if 1,000 meters = 1,000,000 years, how many meters is 11,700 years?
Answer:
11.7 meters
Explanation:
If
[tex]1000m=1,000,000years,[/tex]
let the unknown meters = [tex]x[/tex]
[tex]x[/tex]meters [tex]=11,700 years[/tex]
∴
[tex]1000 * 11,700 = 1,000,000x[/tex]
[tex]11,700,000[/tex] = [tex]1,000,000x[/tex]
Divide both sides by 1,000,000
[tex]\frac{11,700,00}{1,000,000} = \frac{1,000,000x}{1,000,000}[/tex]
[tex]x =[/tex] 11.7 meters
To convert 11,700 years to meters, we need to first convert it to kilometers using the given conversion factor. Then, we can convert kilometers to meters using the conversion factor provided.
Explanation:To calculate how many meters are equivalent to 11,700 years using the given metaphor-conversion-factor, we need to use the conversion factor of 1,000 meters per 1 kilometer.
First, we will convert the given 11,700 years into kilometers by dividing it by the conversion factor of 1,000,000 years per kilometer. This gives us 0.0117 kilometers.
Next, to convert kilometers to meters, we'll multiply 0.0117 kilometers by the conversion factor of 1,000 meters per 1 kilometer. This gives us 11.7 meters.
What kind of process does the atmospheric air undergo from a cool morning to a warm afternoon, assuming that the air composition and the velocity do not change, and also that no pressure from motion occurs during the day?
The atmospheric air undergoes adiabatic heating from a cool morning to a warm afternoon as it is compressed and warms up due to the sun's influence. This process creates a temperature gradient that allows air near the surface to gradually warm up throughout the day.
Explanation:The process that the atmospheric air undergoes from a cool morning to a warm afternoon is known as adiabatic heating. Adiabatic heating occurs when air is compressed or pushed together, which causes an increase in temperature. In these scenarios, the air composition, velocity, and pressure from motion remain constant.
As the sun rises and warms the Earth's surface, the air in contact with it also warms up. This warm air rises and creates an area of low pressure. As the warm air rises, it expands and cools down due to a decrease in pressure.
Throughout the day, the air near the surface continues to warm up, while the air higher up in the atmosphere remains cooler. This difference in temperature creates a temperature gradient. Thus, the process of adiabatic heating allows for the air to gradually warm up from the cool morning to the warm afternoon.
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Ancient astronomers typically practiced both astronomy and astrology, but the two are not the same.
1. Classify the following items as belonging to astronomy, astrology, or both.
O Age of Aquarius
O Science
O based on superstition
O records scientific measurements during research
O each person is born under a sign that governs their life
O followos rules made thousands of years ago
Answer:
Age of Acquarius=Astrology
Science=Astronomy
Based on superstition=Astrology
Records scientific measurement during research findings=astronomy
Each person is born under a sign that governs their life=Astrology
Follows rules made thousands of years ago=Astrology
Explanation:
Astrology uses positions and movement of heavenly bodies to generate predictions of earth happenings and human personality characteristics.
Astronomy a natural science that studies heavenly bodies
Effluent guidelines are: a. part of the Clean Air Act. b. part of the National Environmental Policy Act. c. part of the Clean Water Act. d. developed by the states. e. none of the above
Answer:
The answer is a. part of the Clean Water Act
Explanation:
Effluent guidelines are part of the Clean Water Act which is an act or law passed by the United States federal government to promote clean air and protect public health by establishing air quality standards and placing limits on emissions that pollute air.
Earthquakes in California are Choose one: A. typically due to stick-slip behavior along the San Andreas fault. B. always less than magnitude 6.5. C. the result of reverse faulting along the San Andreas fault. D. the result of rifting along the San Andreas fault.
Answer:D
Explanation:
A plausible magnitude 7.8 earthquake on the San Andreas fault could bring wide spread severe, violent and extreme shaking.
Brianna is deciding between planting two crops for the coming season: {corn, beans}. The two possible states of Nature are {good weather and bad weather}, and while beans are more weather resistant, corn is more profitable. g
True/False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The beans are leguminous crops and are sensitive to the cold environment and won't begin to germinate as until the soil temperature reaches 70 F. While the corn is grown in the tropical subtropical and the temperate climates and can be grown in the woodlands and the grasslands. But needs lots of irrigation and its production is limited in the drover areas.Predict what the cross section of a four-year-old tree trunk would look like if there were drought conditions for the first two years of the tree's life and wet conditions for the most recent two years.
Oozes generally accumulate ten times faster than clay on the deep seafloor. How long would it take 5 cm of ooze to accumulate?
Answer:
50,000 years
Explanation:
rate of deposition of clay is 1mm per 1000 years so for 5cm or 50mm of ooze it will take 50×1000 years= 50,000 years.
• What regions of the world tend to have the highest and lowest precipitation rates (compare tropics versus sub-tropics)? How does this impact water distribution, globally?
Answer:
Regions with a higher amount of rainfall are those of equatorial regions and those of the low rainfall are polar areas.
Explanation:
The regions in the tropics and the subtropics receive a significant amount of rainfall while the place at the places receives only 10 inches f rainfall and regions are dry annually with rain occurring only in summer. The tropical areas are those that surround the earth equator and are found 23 degrees north and south. As the sun is usually in direct contact and this region comprise of 40% of the surface area and 35% of the earth's landmass. And remains warm to hot and moist year-round. These regions are characterized by wet season and thus have most of the cyclonic activity through the year and this impacts the global distribution of water as the movement of the warm and cold water stakes form these regions, along with the variation in salinity.how long has africa and north america moved Africa and North America are moving away from each other at a velocity (rate) of 3 cm/year. b) Africa and North America are presently 6000 km apart.
Answer:
Africa and North America have moved away from each other for 2 × 10⁸ years.
Meaning they were right next to each other 200 million years ago.
Explanation:
Given,
- Africa and North America are moving away from each other at a velocity (rate) of 3 cm/year.
-Africa and North America are presently 6000 km apart.
Speed = distance/time
Time = distance/speed.
Distance = 6000 km = 6000000 m
Speed = 3 cm/year = 0.03 m/year
Time = 6000000/0.03 = 2 × 10⁸ years.
Why was Wegener’s idea of ""continental displacement"" not widely accepted at first? What did it lack?
Answer:
According to Wegener, all the continents were all one lumped together into one large land mass before they started drifting apart over time over the oceanic bed.
At first, the idea was highly criticized because he never explained "how" they drifted apart, as in what caused the motion, what was behind the drifting. I hope you understand.
Earth's giant water supply stores a huge amount of heat from the sun during warm periods and gives off heat that warms the air during cold periods.
This enables temperatures on the planet to stay within the limits that permit life.
True or False?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The earth's ocean generates warm and cold current with respect to the location and the time of the year.
Warm ocean currents originates from the equator and flows towards the pole to balance the surrounding temperature whole cold ocean currents rises from the pole towards the equator to balance the hot equator temperature.
The Earth's giant water supply acts as a heat sink, regulating the planet's temperature and preventing extreme fluctuations.
Explanation:The statement is true. The Earth's giant water supply, which includes the oceans, acts as a heat sink, absorbing and storing a large amount of heat from the sun during warm periods. This helps regulate the planet's temperature and prevents extreme fluctuations. In colder periods, the water releases the stored heat, which warms the air and helps maintain livable temperatures.
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The original purpose of the Mercator projection was to befuddle introductory physical geography students. for the guidance of intercontinental missiles. for ocean navigation. to make the first map of the world. to produce an accurate, equal area map.
Answer:
Option (3)
Explanation:
The Mercator projection is usually defined as the cylindrical map projection that is mainly used for the purpose of navigation while traveling in the vast oceans. The main drawback of using this map projection is that the size of the objects gets distorted as the latitude increases from the equator to the polar regions.
This map projection is very commonly used for navigation purposes as any straight line that is drawn on it remains a line of constant and true bearings. This means that the angles are perfect and it does not show any error, due to which this chart is suitable for navigation in the oceans.
Thus, the correct answer is option (3).
What is the relative frequency of direct hits that were AT MOST a category 3 storm? a. 0.3480 b. 0.9231 c. 0.2601 d. 0.3370
Answer:
The question is incomplete. This is the complete question: Use the following information to answer the exercise: The table in the attachment contains data on hurricanes that have made direct hits on the US between 1851 and 2004. A hurricane is given a strength category rating based on the minimum wind speed generated by the storm. What is the relative frequency of direct hits that were AT MOST a category 3 storm.
The answer is b. 0.9231.
Explanation:
The relative frequency for each category can be calculated by dividing the number of hits for each category by the total number of hits, where the total number of his = 273.
The relative frequency for each category is shown in the third column in the table in the attachment.
Using the values of the respective relative frequencies on the third column, and considering AT MOST a category 3 storm―i.e. categories 1, 2, and 3―the relative frequency of direct hits = relative frequency for category 1 + relative frequency for category 2 + relative frequency for category 3 = (109/273) + (72/273) + (71/273) = 0.3993 + 0.2637 + 0.2601 = 0.9231.
The relative frequency of direct hits that were AT MOST a category 3 storm is 0.3480. The correct option is A.
Explanation:The relative frequency of direct hits that were AT MOST a category 3 storm can be calculated by dividing the number of direct hits that were at most a category 3 storm by the total number of direct hits. Let's assume there were 120 direct hits in total and 42 of them were at most category 3 storms. The relative frequency would be:
Relative frequency = Number of direct hits at most category 3 / Total number of direct hitsRelative frequency = 42 / 120Relative frequency ≈ 0.35So, the answer is 0.3480 (option a).
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Why do areas of high altitude (e.g., on the Tibetan plateau) have greater than expected UV intensity and areas of constant cloud cover (e.g., Congo Basin) have less than expected?
Explanation:
UV (ultraviolet) levels are high in the areas of high altitudes. Tibetan plateau being the highest plateau of the world is more exposed to the UV radiations as the atmosphere gets thinner in the areas of higher altitude. So it can not filter the maximum of ultraviolet radiations. Tibetan plateau is on 4,500 meters height and the UV level increase by 10-12% upon every 1000 meter elevation.
However in those areas having the constant cloud cover like in Congo Basin the UV level is low as the clouds scatter the most of the UV radiations and they particularly stop the UV-B radiations. Thats why the cloudy areas have less UV level then the areas having a cloudless clear sky.
Final answer:
The increased UV intensity at high altitudes is due to the thinner atmosphere and reduced water vapor content, which allows more UV radiation to reach the surface. In contrast, areas with constant cloud cover experience less UV exposure due to the clouds' reflection and absorption of UV radiation.
Explanation:
The variation in UV intensity at high altitudes such as the Tibetan plateau can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, high altitudes experience less atmospheric interference, meaning there is a thinner layer of atmosphere for the UV rays to penetrate through - leading to a greater intensity of UV radiation reaching the surface. This phenomenon is partly due to the fact that water vapor, which absorbs UV radiation, is less prevalent at higher altitudes. Additionally, the ozone layer, which absorbs a significant amount of UV radiation, particularly harmful UVB and UVC, is less effective with increasing altitude, letting through more UV radiation.
Conversely, in areas with constant cloud cover, such as the Congo Basin, UV intensity is generally lower. Clouds reflect and absorb UV radiation, limiting the amount that reaches the Earth's surface. Moreover, the moisture-heavy atmosphere associated with cloudy regions further reduces UV penetration. The persistent cloudiness acts as a protective barrier, shielding the surface from direct UV exposure.