Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\text{28.0 s}}[/tex]
Explanation:
Whenever a question asks you, "How long does it take to reach a certain concentration?" or something like that, you must use the appropriate integrated rate law expression.
The integrated rate law for a first-order reaction is
[tex]\ln \left (\dfrac{[A]_{0}}{[A]} \right ) = kt[/tex]
Data:
[A]₀ = 1.28 mol·L⁻¹
[A] = 0.17 [A]₀
k = 0.0632 s⁻¹
Calculation:
[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}\ln \left (\dfrac{[A]_{0}}{0.170[A]_{0}} \right ) & = & 0.0632t\\\\\ln \left (5.882) & = & 0.0632t\\1.772 & = & 0.0632t\\\\t & = & \dfrac{1.772}{0.0632}\\\\t & = & \textbf{{28.0 s}}\\\end{array}\\\text{It will take } \boxed{\textbf{28.0 s}} \text{ for [HI] to decrease to 17.0 \% of its original value.}[/tex]
Given the following equation: 4 NH3 (g)5 O2 (g) > 4 NO (g) 6 H20 () + How many moles of H20 is produced if 0.44 mol of NH3 reacts?
Answer : The number of moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] produced are, 0.66 mole.
Explanation : Given,
Given moles of [tex]NH_3[/tex] = 0.44 mole
The given balanced chemical reaction is,
[tex]4NH_3(g)+5O_2(g)\rightarrow 4NO(g)+6H_2O(g)[/tex]
From the given balanced chemical reaction, we conclude that
As, 4 moles of [tex]NH_3[/tex] react to give 6 moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex]
So, 0.44 moles of [tex]NH_3[/tex] react to give [tex]\frac{6}{4}\times 0.44=0.66[/tex] moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex]
Therefore, the number of moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] produced are, 0.66 mole.
What will happen to the pH of a buffer if acid/base ratio is increased by 100?
plz respond within an hour :)
Answer:
It will decrease by 2 units.
Explanation:
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a buffer is
pH = pKa + log(base/acid)
Let's assume your acid has pKa = 5.
(a) If the base: acid ratio is 1:1,
pH(1) = 5 + log(1/1) = 5 + log(1) = 5 + 0 = 5
(b) If the base: acid ratio is 1:100,
pH(2) = 5 + log(1/100) = 5 + log(0.01) = 5 - 2 = 3
(c) Difference
ΔpH = pH(2) - pH(1) = 5 - 3 = -2
If you increase the acid:base ratio to 100:1, the pH will decrease by two units.
A metal initially at 450.℃ and mass 2.00 g is dropped into a liquid with specific heat capacity 4.00 Jg^-1℃^-1, mass 10.0 g and initial temperature 40.0℃. The final temperature of the liquid is 50.0℃. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal. Express your answer in Jg^-1℃^-1.
Answer:
0.5
Explanation:
for more info see the attachment.
The specific heat capacity of the unknown metal is 0.5Jg-¹°C-¹
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY:
The specific heat capacity of a metal can be calculated by using the following formula:Q = mc∆T
Where;
Q = quantity of heat absorbed or released (J)m = mass of substance (g)c = specific heat capacity (Jg°C)∆T = temperature (°C) However, in a calorimeter, the following expression applies:mc∆T (liquid) = - (mc∆T) metalMETAL:
m = 2.00g∆T = 50°C - 450°C = -400°Cc = ?LIQUID:
m = 10.0g∆T = 50°C - 40°C = 10°Cc = 4.00 Jg-¹℃-¹10 × 4 × 10 = -{2 × -400 × c}400 = -{-800c}400 = 800cc = 400 ÷ 800c = 0.5Jg-¹°C-¹Therefore, the specific heat capacity of the unknown metal is 0.5Jg-¹°C-¹.
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How many moles of Cu are needed to react with 5.8 moles of AgNO3?
Cu + 2 AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
Answer:
moles of Cu° needed = ½ (5.8 moles) = 2.9 moles Cu° needed.
Explanation:
Cu + 2AgNO₃ => Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag
? moles Cu + 5.8 moles AgNO₃ => Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag
Note coefficient of Cu° vs coefficient of AgNO₃
=> 1 mole Cu° < 2 moles AgNO₃ ...
=> Since moles of Cu° are smaller than moles of AgNO₃ in the given equation, the moles of Cu° needed to react with 5.8 moles AgNO₃ will be smaller than the 5.8 by the ratio of coefficients that will make 5.8 smaller. That is ...
moles of Cu° needed = ½ (5.8 moles) = 2.9 moles Cu° needed.
Note: Using 2/1(5.8) will make value greater than 5.8 and incorrect.
One can also set up a ratio relationship as follows...
1 mole Cu° <=> 2 moles AgNO₃ (fm equation)
? mole Cu° <=> 5.8 moles AgNO₃ (problem)
=> (1 mole Cu°)/X=(2 mole AgNO₃)/(5.8 moles AgNO₃)
=> X = (1 mole Cu°)(5.8 mole AgNO₃)/2 mole AgNO₃
= ½(5.8) mole Cu° = 2.9 mole Cu°
Final answer:
2.9 moles of Cu are needed to react with 5.8 moles of AgNO3 according to the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical reaction.
Explanation:
To determine how many moles of Cu (copper) are required to react with 5.8 moles of AgNO3 (silver nitrate), we use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical reaction:
Cu + 2 AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
This balanced equation tells us that one mole of Cu reacts with two moles of AgNO3. If we have 5.8 moles of AgNO3, then the amount of Cu required is calculated by dividing the moles of AgNO3 by 2:
(5.8 moles AgNO3) / (2 moles AgNO3/moles Cu) = 2.9 moles of Cu
Therefore, 2.9 moles of Cu are needed to react with 5.8 moles of AgNO3.
Hydrogenation reactions, in which H2 and an "unsaturated" organic compound combine, are used in the food, fuel, and polymer industries. In the simplest case, ethene (C2H4) and H2 form ethane (C2H6). If 140 kJ is given off per mole of C2H4 reacting, How much heat (in MJ) is released when 12 kg of C2H6 forms?
Answer: The amount of heat released is 56 MJ.
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
Given mass of [tex]C_2H_6[/tex] = 12 kg = 12000 g (Conversion factor: 1 kg = 1000 g)
Molar mass of [tex]C_2H_6[/tex] = 30 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of }C_2H_6=\frac{12000g}{30g/mol}=400mol[/tex]
The chemical reaction for hydrogenation of ethene follows the equation:
[tex]C_2H_4+H_2\rightarrow C_2H_6[/tex]
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
When 1 mole of ethane releases 140 kJ of heat.
So, 400 moles of ethane will release = [tex]\frac{140}{1}\times 400=56000kJ[/tex] of heat.
Converting this into Mega joules, using the conversion factor:
1 MJ = 1000 kJ
So, [tex]\Rightarrow 56000kJ\times (\frac{1MJ}{1000kJ})=56MJ[/tex]
Hence, the amount of heat released is 56 MJ.
At this point Ron is slightly confused, this isn’t surprising. However, Hermione is doing rather well with them. This also isn’t surprising since she studies every day, as should all students. She feels she can help him understand these problems by working with him though another: A 1.00 L sample of dry air contains 0.0319 mol N2, 0.00856 mol O2, and 0.000381 mol Ar. If temperature is 25.0◦C what is the partial pressure of N2? Express your answer in atmospheres.
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\text{0.780 atm}}[/tex]
Explanation:
Hermione is pretty smart. She realizes that, according to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, each gas exerts its pressure independently of the others, as if the others weren't even there.
She shows Ron how to use the Ideal Gas Law to solve the problem.
pV = nRT
She collects the data:
V = 1.00 L; n = 0.0319 mol; T = 25.0 °C
She reminds him to convert the temperature to kelvins
T = (25.0 +273.15) K = 298.15 K
Then she shows him how to do the calculation.
[tex]p \times \text{1.00 L} = \text{0.0319 mol} \times \text{L}\cdot\text{atm}\cdot\text{0.082 06 K}^{-1}\text{mol}^{-1} \times \text{298.15 K}\\\\1.00p = \text{0.7805 atm}\\\\p = \textbf{0.780 atm}\\\\\text{The partial pressure of the nitrogen is } \boxed{\textbf{0.780 atm}}[/tex]
Isn't she smart?
The partial pressure of N2 is 0.78 atm.
The following are information contained in the question;
Volume (V) = 1.00 L
Total number of moles of the gases(n) = Number of moles of N2 + Number of moles of O2 + Nuber of moles of Ar = 0.0319 mol + 0.00856 mol + 0.000381 mol = 0.041 moles
Temperature(T) = 25.0◦C + 273 = 298 K
Using PV = nRT
Where;
P = pressure of the gas (the unknown)
V = volume of the sample = 1.00 L
T = absolute temperature = 298K
R = molar gas constant = 0.082 atmLK-1Mol-1
n = total number of moles present = 0.041 moles
Making P the subject of the formula and substituting values;
P = nRT/V
P = 0.041 moles × 0.082 atmLK-1Mol-1 × 298 K/1.00 L
P = 1 atm
Recall that partial pressure = mole fraction × total pressure
Mole fraction of N2 = 0.00856 mol /0.00856 mol + 0.0319 mol + 0.000381 mol =
Partial pressure of N2 =0.0319 mol /0.041 moles × 1 atm
Partial pressure of N2 = 0.78 atm
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Cyclobutane decomposes to ethylene according to the equation: C4H8(g) → 2C2H4(g) Determine the value of the rate constant for the reaction based on the following pressures, which were recorded when the reaction was carried out at 430°C in a constant-volume vessel. × 10 s−1 (Enter your answer in scientific notation.) Time(s) mmHg 0 400 2000 316 4000 248 6000 196 8000 155 10000 122
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{1.19 \times 10^{-4} \text{ s}^{-1}}[/tex]
Explanation:
1. Determine the order of reaction
The question gives us a hint: the units of k are s⁻¹. This suggests a first order rate law.
To confirm, we plot ln(p) vs t. We should get a straight line with slope = -k.
Here are your data with the pressures converted to natural logarithms.
[tex]\begin{array}{rcc}\textbf{t/s} & \textbf{p/mmHg} &\textbf{ln(p)}\\0 & 400 & 5.99\\2000 & 316 & 5.76\\4000 & 248 & 5.51\\6000 & 196 & 5.28\\8000 & 155 & 5.04\\10000 & 122 & 4.80\\\end{array}[/tex]
We get the graph shown below.
2. Determine the rate constant
The points fit so well that we can just use the end points to determine the slope.
[tex]\text{slope} = \dfrac{y_{2} - y_{1}}{ x_{2} - x_{1} } = \dfrac{4.80 - 5.99}{10 000 - 0} = -1.19 \times 10^{-4} \text{ s}^{-1}}\\\\k = \boxed{1.19 \times 10^{-4} \text{ s}^{-1}}[/tex]
The value of the rate constant for the reaction based on the given pressures = [tex]1.19 * 10^{-4} s^{-1}[/tex]
First step : determine the order of reaction
The reaction is a first-order reaction because the S.I. unit of K = s⁻¹ in the question
next step : Plot the value of In( p ) vs Time
Where: P = pressure ( mmHg )
In ( p ) = natural Logarithm of P values
Graph is attached below
Final step : calculate the value of the slope of the graph
slope = Δ y / Δ x
= ( 4.8 - 5.99 ) / ( 10000 - 0 )
= -1.19 / 10000
∴ The value of K ( rate constant ) = 1.19 * 10^{-4} s^{-1}
Hence we can conclude that the The value of the rate constant for the reaction based on the given pressures = [tex]1.19 * 10^{-4} s^{-1}[/tex]
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What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 4.5 wt% Pb and 95.5 wt% Sn? The atomic weights for Pb and Sn are 207.19 g/mol and 118.71 g/mol, respectively.(A) 2.6 at% Pb and 97.4 at% Sn(B) 7.6 at% Pb and 92.4 at% Sn(C)97.4 at% Pb and 2.6 at% Sn(D) 92.4 at% Pb and 7.6 at% Sn
Answer: The correct answer is Option A.
Explanation:
We are given:
4.5 wt % of Pb means that 4.5 grams of lead is present in 100 g of alloy.
95.5 wt % of Sn means that 95.5 grams of tin is present in 100 g of alloy.
To calculate the atom percent of any compound in a mixture, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{atom }\%=\frac{\text{Moles of compound}\times N_A}{\text{Total number of moles of mixture}\times N_A}\times 100[/tex]
where,
[tex]N_A[/tex] = Avogadro's number
Moles of a compound is given by the formula:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
For Lead:Given mass of lead = 4.5 g
Molar mass of lead = 207.19 g/mol
[tex]\text{Atom percent of lead}=\left(\frac{\frac{4.5g}{207.17g/mol}\times N_A}{(\frac{4.5g}{207.17g/mol}+\frac{95.5g}{118.71g/mol})\times N_A}\right)\times 100\\\\\text{Atom percent of lead}=2.6\%[/tex]
For Tin:Given mass of tin = 95.5 g
Molar mass of tin = 118.71 g/mol
[tex]\text{Atom percent of Tin}=\left(\frac{\frac{95.5g}{118.71g/mol}\times N_A}{(\frac{4.5g}{207.17g/mol}+\frac{95.5g}{118.71g/mol})\times N_A}\right)\times 100\\\\\text{Atom percent of Tin}=97.4\%[/tex]
Hence, the correct answer is Option A.
The composition, in atom percent, of an alloy consisting of 4.5 wt% Pb and 95.5 wt% Sn is 2.6 at% Pb and 97.4 at% Sn. The correct answer is (A).
The atomic weights for Pb and Sn are 207.19 g/mol and 118.71 g/mol, respectively.
To determine the atom percent, we need to follow these steps:
Calculate the moles of Pb and Sn in 100 g of alloy.Moles of Pb: 4.5 g / 207.19 g/mol = 0.0217 mol
Moles of Sn: 95.5 g / 118.71 g/mol = 0.8047 mol
Calculate the total moles of atoms in the alloy.Total moles = 0.0217 mol (Pb) + 0.8047 mol (Sn) = 0.8264 mol
Calculate the atom percent for each element.Atom percent of Pb: (0.0217 mol / 0.8264 mol) * 100 ≈ 2.6 at% Pb
Atom percent of Sn: (0.8047 mol / 0.8264 mol) * 100 ≈ 97.4 at% Sn
Thus, the correct answer is (A) 2.6 at% Pb and 97.4 at% Sn.
21. Consider the following chemical reaction: N2+ O2 2 NO If 10.0 g of N2 reacts with excess oxygen then how many grams of NO can be formed? A) 10.7 g B) 21.4 g C) 32.9 g D) 42.8 g Page 4 of 8
Answer: The correct answer is Option B.
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] ....(1)
For [tex]N_2[/tex]:Given mass of nitrogen gas = 10 g
Molar mass of nitrogen gas = 28 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of iron oxide}=\frac{10g}{28g/mol}=0.357mol[/tex]
The given chemical reaction follows:
[tex]N_2+O_2\rightarrow 2NO[/tex]
As, oxygen gas is present in excess. Thus, it is considered as an excess reagent and nitrogen is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of products.
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
1 mole of nitrogen gas produces 2 moles of nitrogen oxide.
So, 0.357 moles of nitrogen gas will produce = [tex]\frac{2}{1}\times 0.357=0.714mol[/tex] of nitrogen oxide.
Now, calculating mass of nitrogen oxide by putting values in equation 1, we get:
Moles of nitrogen oxide = 0.714 mol
Molar mass of nitrogen oxide = 30 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.714mol=\frac{\text{Mass of nitrogen oxide}}{30g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of nitrogen oxide}=21.4g[/tex]
Hence, the correct answer is Option B.
An aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide is standardized by titration with a 0.120 M solution of hydrobromic acid. If 16.5 mL of base are required to neutralize 27.5 mL of the acid, what is the molarity of the calcium hydroxide solution?
Answer: The molarity of calcium hydroxide in the solution is 0.1 M
Explanation:
To calculate the concentration of base, we use the equation given by neutralization reaction:
[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex]
where,
[tex]n_1,M_1\text{ and }V_1[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of acid which is [tex]HBr[/tex]
[tex]n_2,M_2\text{ and }V_2[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of base which is [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex]
We are given:
[tex]n_1=1\\M_1=0.120M\\V_1=27.5mL\\n_2=2\\M_2=?M\\V_2=16.5mL[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]1\times 0.120\times 27.5=2\times M_2\times 16.5\\\\M_2=0.1M[/tex]
Hence, the molarity of [tex]Ca(OH)_2[/tex] in the solution is 0.1 M.
Calculate the pH values of the following solutions: (Hint: See Special Topic I in the Study Guide and Solutions Manual.) a 1.0 M solution of acetic acid (pKa=4.76) a 0.1 M solution of protonated methylamine (pKa=10.7) a solution containing 0.3 M HCOOH and 0.1 M HCOO− (pKa of HCOOH=3.76)
Answer:
See Explanation
Explanation:
a. pH of 1M HOAc(aq)
HOAc ⇄ H⁺ + OAcˉ
C(eq) 1.0M x x
Ka = [H⁺][OAc⁻]/[HOAc] = x²/1.0M = 1.85x10⁻⁵
=> x = [H⁺] = SqrRt([HOAc]Ka) = SqrRt[(1M)(1.85x10ˉ⁵)] = 4.30x10ˉ³M
=> pH = -log[H⁺] = -log(4.30x10ˉ³) = 2.37
b. pH of 0.10M CH₃NH₃OH(aq)
CH₃NH₃OH => CH₃NH₃⁺ + OHˉ; Kb = 4.4x10ˉ⁴
C(eq) 0.10M x x
=> Kb = [CH₃NH₃⁺][OH⁻]/[CH₃NH₃] = x²/0.10M
=> x = [OHˉ] = SqrRt([CH₃NH₃OH]Kb) = SqrRt[(0.10M)(4.4x10ˉ⁴)] = 6.63x10ˉ³M
=> pOH = -log[OHˉ] = -log(6.63x10⁻³) = 2.18
=> pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 2.18 = 11.82
c. pH of 0.30M HOAc/0.10M OAcˉ(aq)
HOAc ⇄ H⁺ + OAcˉ
C(eq) 0.30M x 0.10M
=> Ka = [H⁺][OAcˉ]/[HOAc] => [H⁺] = Ka[HOAc]/[OAcˉ]
= 1.85X10ˉ⁵(0.30M)/(0.10M) = 5.55X10ˉ⁵M
=> pH = -log[H⁺] = -log(5.55x10ˉ⁵) = 4.26
To calculate pH for acetic acid, protonated methylamine, and a formic acid/formate mixture, we utilize an ICE table for the weak acids and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for the buffer solution, considering their respective pKa values.
Explanation:To calculate the pH values of the given solutions, we apply the pH formula and utilize ICE (Initial, Change, Equilibrium) tables for weak acids and bases. Using the provided pKa values, we can determine the pH for each solution:
These calculations showcase the principles of acid-base equilibrium and buffer systems in solution chemistry.
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Carbon dating. The half-life of C-14 is about 5730 yr. a) Archeologists find a piece of cloth painted with organic dyes. Analysis of the dye in the cloth shows that only 77% of the C-14 originally in the dye remains. When was the cloth painted? b) A well-preserved piece of wood found at an archeological site has 6.2% of the C-14 that it had when it was alive. Estimate when the wood was cut.
Answer:
Case I => %C-14 remaining = 77% => Age of artifact = 2200 yrs
Case II => %C-14 remaining = 6.2% => Age of artifact = 23,000 yrs
Explanation:
Given:
Half-Life C-14 = 5730 yrs
=> Rate Constant = k = 0.693/t(1/2) = (0.693/5730)yrs⁻¹ = 1.2 x 10⁻⁴ yrs⁻¹
NOTE => All radioactive decay is 1st order kinetics.
=> A = A₀eˉᵏᵗ (classic 1st order decay equation)
- A = remaining activity
-A₀ = initial activity
- k = rate constant
- t = time of decay (or, age of object of interest; i.e., not everything is organic but the 1st order decay equation is good for non-organic objects (rocks) also. Analysts just use a different decay standard => K-40 → Ar-40 + β).
Solving the decay equation for time (t) ...
t = ln(A/A₀)/-k
Applying to problem cases...
Case I => %C-14 remaining = 77%
t = ln(A/A₀)/-k = ln(77/100)/-1.2x10⁻⁴ years = 2178 yrs ~ 2200 yrs
Case II => %C-14 remaining = 6.2%
t = ln(A/A₀)/-k = ln(6.2/100)/-1.2x10⁻⁴ years = 23,172 yrs ~ 23,000 yrs
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\text{a) 2160 yr ago; b) 23 000 yr ago}}[/tex]
Explanation:
Two important equations in radioactive decay are
[tex](1) \qquad \ln \dfrac{N_{0} }{N_{t}} = kt\\\\(2) \qquad t_{\frac{1}{2}} = \dfrac{\ln2}{k }[/tex]
We use them for carbon dating.
a) The dye
Data:
[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}} = \text{5730 yr}\\\\N_{t} = 0.77 N_{0}[/tex]
Calculations:
[tex]\text{From Equation (2)}\\\\t_{\frac{1}{2}} = \dfrac{\ln2}{\text{5730 yr}} = 1.21 \times 10^{-4} \text{ yr}^{-1}\\\\\text{From Equation (1)}\\\\\ln \dfrac{N_{0} }{0.77N_{0}} = 1.21 \times 10^{-4}t \text{ yr}^{-1}\\\\\ln\dfrac{1}{0.77} = 1.21 \times 10^{-4}t \text{ yr}^{-1}\\\\-\ln0.77 = 0.261 = 1.21 \times 10^{-4}t \text{ yr}^{-1}\\\\t = \dfrac{0.261}{ 1.21 \times 10^{-4} \text{ yr}^{-1}} = \textbf{2160 yr}\\\\\text{The cloth was painted } \boxed{\textbf{2160 yr}}\text{ ago}[/tex]
b) The wood
Data:
[tex]N_{t} = 0.062 N_{0}[/tex]
Calculations:
[tex]\text{From Equation (1)}\\\\\ln \dfrac{N_{0} }{0.062N_{0}} = 1.21 \times 10^{-4}t \text{ yr}^{-1}\\\\\ln\dfrac{1}{0.0.062} = 1.21 \times 10^{-4}t \text{ yr}^{-1}\\\\-\ln0.062 = 2.78 = 1.21 \times 10^{-4}t \text{ yr}^{-1}\\\\t = \dfrac{2.78}{ 1.21 \times 10^{-4} \text{ yr}^{-1}} = \textbf{23 000 yr}\\\\\text{The wood was cut} \boxed{\textbf{23 000 yr}}\text{ ago}[/tex]
For the reaction shown, calculate how many moles of NO2 form when each of the following completely reacts. 2N2O5(g)→4NO2(g)+O2(g) Part A 1.0 mol N2O5 Express your answer using two significant figures. nothing mol m o l Request Answer Part B 5.4 mol N2O5 Express your answer using two significant figures.
Answer:
For part A: The number of moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex] is 2.0 moles.
For part B: The number of moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex] is [tex]1.1\times 10^1[/tex] moles.
Explanation:
For the given chemical equation:
[tex]2N_2O_5(g)\rightarrow 4NO_2(g)+O_2(g)[/tex]
For Part A: When 1.0 mole of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] is reactedBy Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] produces 4 moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex]
So, 1.0 moles of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] will produce = [tex]\frac{4}{2}\times 1.0=2.0moles[/tex] of [tex]NO_2[/tex]
Hence, the number of moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex] expressed in two significant figures are 2.0 moles.
For Part B: When 5.4 moles of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] is reactedBy Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] produces 4 moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex]
So, 5.4 moles of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] will produce = [tex]\frac{4}{2}\times 5.4=10.8moles[/tex] of [tex]NO_2[/tex]
To express it in two significant figures, we round this value of 10.8 mol to 11 mole and then express it in scientific notation.
Scientific notation is defined as the way of representing a number which have very large value or very small value and is written in the decimal form.
Hence, the number of moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex] expressed in two significant figures are [tex]1.1\times 10^1[/tex] moles.
In the given reaction, 2 moles of NO2 are produced for every mole of N2O5. So, in part A, 1 mole of N2O5 will produce 2 moles of NO2, and in part B, 5.4 moles of N2O5 will produce around 11 moles of NO2.
Explanation:The question is asking about the stoichiometry of a chemical reaction - specifically, how many moles of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are formed from a given number of moles of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5). The balanced chemical equation is 2N2O5(g)→4NO2(g)+O2(g).
Part A: With 1.0 mol of N2O5, according to the stoichiometric ratio in the balanced equation (2:4), you would get 2 mol of NO2 for every 1 mol of N2O5, so you would have 2.0 moles of NO2.
Part B: With 5.4 mol of N2O5, again using the stoichiometric ratio, you would get 2 * 5.4 = 10.8 ≈ 11 moles of NO2 (rounded to two significant figures).
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In a blast furnace, iron(III) oxide is used to produce iron by the following (unbalanced) reaction: Fe2O3 + CO---------->Fe + CO2 a) If 4.00 kg FeO3 are available to react, how many moles of CO are needed? b) How many moles of each product are formed?
To find the number of moles of CO needed, we use the balanced equation and convert the mass of Fe2O3 to moles. The number of moles of CO needed is 75.12 mol. To find the number of moles of each product formed, we use the same approach and find that 50.08 moles of Fe and 75.12 moles of CO2 are formed.
Explanation:To find the number of moles of CO needed to react with 4.00 kg of Fe2O3, we can use the balanced equation:
Fe2O3 + 3CO --> 2Fe + 3CO2
The molar mass of Fe2O3 is 159.69 g/mol. Converting 4.00 kg to grams gives us 4000 g. Using the molar mass of Fe2O3, we can calculate the number of moles of Fe2O3 as follows:
moles of Fe2O3 = mass of Fe2O3 / molar mass of Fe2O3
moles of Fe2O3 = 4000 g / 159.69 g/mol = 25.04 mol
Since the ratio of Fe2O3 to CO in the balanced equation is 1:3, we can use this ratio to find the number of moles of CO:
moles of CO = moles of Fe2O3 x (3 mol CO / 1 mol Fe2O3)
moles of CO = 25.04 mol x (3 mol CO / 1 mol Fe2O3) = 75.12 mol CO
Therefore, 75.12 moles of CO are needed to react with 4.00 kg of Fe2O3.
To find the number of moles of each product formed, we can use the same approach. Since the balanced equation tells us that the ratio of Fe2O3 to Fe is 1:2, and the ratio of Fe2O3 to CO2 is 1:3, the number of moles of Fe and CO2 will be twice the number of moles of Fe2O3:
moles of Fe = 2 x 25.04 mol = 50.08 mol
moles of CO2 = 3 x 25.04 mol = 75.12 mol
Therefore, 50.08 moles of Fe and 75.12 moles of CO2 are formed.
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(a) If 4.00 kg FeO3 are available to react then 37.43 moles of CO are needed. (b) 49.90 moles of Fe and 37.43 moles of CO₂ are formed.
a) First, we need to convert the mass of Fe₂O₃ to moles. The molar mass of Fe₂O₃ is approximately 159.69 g/mol, so 4.00 kg of Fe₂O₃ is about 24.95 moles.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
2Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 4Fe + 3CO₂
From this equation, we can see that 2 moles of Fe₂O₃ react with 3 moles of CO. Therefore, the number of moles of CO needed is:
moles of CO = moles of Fe₂O₃ × (moles of CO / moles of Fe₂O₃) = [tex]24.95 * \frac{3}{2} = 37.43 moles[/tex]
b) From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that 2 moles of Fe₂O₃ produce 4 moles of Fe and 3 moles of CO₂. Therefore, the number of moles of each product formed is:
moles of Fe = moles of Fe₂O₃ × (moles of Fe / moles of Fe₂O₃) = [tex]24.95 * \frac{4}{2} = 49.90 moles[/tex]
moles of CO₂ = moles of Fe₂O₃ × (moles of CO₂ / moles of Fe₂O₃) = [tex]24.95 * \frac{3}{2} = 37.43 moles[/tex]
Therefore, 4.00 kg of Fe₂O₃ can react with 37.43 moles of CO to produce 49.90 moles of Fe and 37.43 moles of CO₂.
In a popular classroom demonstration, solid sodium is added to liquid water and reacts to produce hydrogen gas and aqueous sodium hydroxide. Part A Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Express your answer as a chemical equation. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
Answer: The chemical reaction is given below.
Explanation:
When solid sodium metal reacts with water molecule to produce aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The equation for this follows:
[tex]2Na(s)+2H_2O(l)\rightarrow 2NaOH(aq.)+H_2(g)[/tex]
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of solid sodium metal reacts with 2 moles of water molecule to produce 2 moles of sodium hydroxide and 1 mole of hydrogen gas.
Sodium metal is present in solid state, Water molecule is present in liquid state, Sodium hydroxide is present in aqueous state and hydrogen is present in gaseous state.
A chemical reaction between sodium (Na) and water (H₂O) yields hydrogen gas (H₂) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The reaction is highly exothermic as sodium hydroxide reacts vigorously with water, generating a lot of heat. The balanced chemical equation is '2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) -> 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g)'.
Explanation:To answer your question, we need to first understand the reaction occurring in this process. This is a classic example of a reaction between a metal and water, specifically it's an alkali metal (sodium) reacting with water. Upon addition of solid sodium to liquid water, the sodium displaces hydrogen from the water, leading to the production of hydrogen gas and aqueous sodium hydroxide.
The balanced chemical equation is thus written as: 2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) -> 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g). In this equation, (s) represents solid, (l) represents liquid, (aq) represents aqueous or a material dissolved in water, and (g) represents gas.
Sodium hydroxide NaOH is a strong base and it reacts vigorously with water, generating a great deal of heat and forming very basic solutions. In fact, 40 grams of sodium hydroxide can dissolve in only 60 grams of water at 25 °C.
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Consider the reaction. FeCl2(aq)+(NH4)2 SO4(aq)⟶FeSO4+2NH4Cl Identify the precipitate, or lack thereof, for the reaction. (A) FeSO4 (B) no precipitate (C) NH4Cl
Answer: The correct answer is Option B.
Explanation:
Precipitate is defined as the insoluble solid substance which is formed when two different aqueous solutions are mixed. It settles down at the bottom of the solution.
For the given chemical equation:
[tex]FeCl_2(aq.)+(NH_4)_2SO_4(aq.)\rightarrow FeSO_4(aq.)+2NH_4Cl(aq.)[/tex]
The products formed in the reaction are ferrous sulfate and ammonium chloride. Both the products are soluble in aqueous solutions. Thus, no precipitate will be formed in the reaction.
Hence, the correct answer is Option B.
Consider the reaction. CaCl2(aq)+K2CO3(aq)⟶CaCO3+2KCl. Identify the precipitate, or lack thereof, for the reaction. (A) KCl (B) CaCO3 (C) no precipitate
Answer: The correct answer is Option B.
Explanation:
Precipitate is defined as insoluble solid substance that emerges when two different aqueous solutions are mixed together. It usually settles down at the bottom of the solution after sometime.
For the given chemical equation:
[tex]CaCl_2(aq.)+K_2CO_3(aq.)\rightarrow CaCO_3(s)+2KCl(aq.)[/tex]
The products formed in the reaction are calcium carbonate and potassium chloride. Out of the two products, one of them is insoluble which is calcium carbonate. Thus, it is considered as a precipitate.
Hence, the correct answer is Option B.
In the double displacement reaction between CaCl₂ and K₂CO₃, CaCO₃ is the precipitate (B).
Let's consider the following double displacement reaction.
CaCl₂(aq) + K₂CO₃(aq) ⟶ CaCO₃(s) + 2 KCl(aq)
Regarding solubility rules, we know that:
Carbonates are often insoluble (except Group 1 carbonates).Chlorides are often soluble (except AgCl, PbCl₂ and Hg₂Cl₂).Salts with cations from Group 1 are often soluble.With this information, we can conclude that CaCO₃ is a precipitate.
In the double displacement reaction between CaCl₂ and K₂CO₃, CaCO₃ is the precipitate (B).
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What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons? A) 6 B) 8 C) + 1 D) 12 E) 18
Answer: The correct answer is Option D.
Explanation:
Atomic mass of an atom is defined as the sum of number of neutrons and number of protons that are present in an atom. It is represented as 'A'.
Atomic number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
We are given:
Number of protons = 6
Number of neutrons = 6
Number of electrons = 6
Atomic mass = 6 + 6 = 12
Hence, the correct answer is Option D.
22. A flask containing 450 mL of 0.50 M H2SO4 was accidentally knocked to the floor. How many grams of NaHCO, do you need to put on the spill to neutralize the acid according to the following equation: H2SO4(aq)+2 NaHCOs(aq) Na,SO(aq) +2 H20()+2 CO2(g) D) 38 g A) 2.3 g B) 9.5 g C) 19 g
To neutralize the 0.50 M H2SO4, calculate the moles of NaHCO3 required using the mole ratio from the balanced equation and then convert the moles to grams.
Explanation:To neutralize the 0.50 M H2SO4, we need to understand the stoichiometry of the reaction.
From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of H2SO4 reacts with 2 moles of NaHCO3.
Using the molarity and volume of the H2SO4 solution, we can calculate the moles of H2SO4, and then use the mole ratio to find the moles of NaHCO3 required to neutralize it. Finally, we can convert the moles of NaHCO3 to grams by using the molar mass of NaHCO3.
The correct answer is C) 19 g.
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Which one of the following statements BEST explains what is meant by the “dual nature” of the electron? A : An electron may be either in a quasi-free state as in a metal or in a tightly-bound state deep within an atom. B : An electron plays a role in the production of both magnetic and electric fields. C : An electron can be transmitted in a beam as in a television or through a wire. D : An electron may act with either particle-like or wave-like characteristics. E : An electron can travel at very small velocities or be at rest. It’s motion adequately described by Newton’s laws of motion. The electron can also travel at speeds close to the speed of light; and its motion is described by relativistic laws of motion.
Answer:
D : An electron may act with either particle-like or wave-like characteristics.
Explanation:
This is the whole basis of the Schrödinger equation.
The other options are correct, but they do not state the dual nature of the electron.
Identify the base in this acid-base reaction:
NaOH + HCI - NaCl + H2O
o NaOH
O HCI
o Naci
• H20
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\text{NaOH}}[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]\rm \underbrace{\hbox{NaOH }}_{\hbox{base}} + \underbrace{\hbox{HCl}}_{\hbox{acid}} \longrightarrow \, NaCl + H$_{2}$O[/tex]
A hydroxide of a metal is a base.
[tex]\text{The base is }\boxed{\textbf{NaOH}}[/tex]
B is wrong. HCl is an acid.
C is wrong. NaCl is a salt.
D is wrong. Water is neutral.
Answer:
A. NaOH
A. Is The Correct Answer
B. HCl
C. NaCl
D. H2O
Given the following equation: > 8 CO2 10 H20 2 С4Н10 + 13 02 How many grams of C4H10 are needed to react with 35.1 grams of O2?
Answer: The mass of butane reacting with oxygen gas is 9.76 grams.
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] .....(1)
For oxygenGiven mass of oxygen gas = 35.1 g
Molar mass of oxygen gas = 32 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of oxygen gas}=\frac{35.1g}{32g/mol}=1.096mol[/tex]
For the given chemical reaction:
[tex]2C_4H_{10}+13O_2\rightarrow 8CO_2+10H_2O[/tex]
By stoichiometry of the reaction:
13 moles of oxygen gas is reacting with 2 moles of butane.
So, 1.096 moles of oxygen gas will react with = [tex]\frac{2}{13}\times 1.096=0.168moles[/tex] of butane.
Now, calculating the mass of butane from equation 1, we get:
Molar mass of butane = 58.12 g/mol
Moles of butane = 0.168 moles
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.168mol=\frac{\text{Mass of butane}}{58.12g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of butane}=9.76g[/tex]
Hence, the mass of butane reacting with oxygen gas is 9.76 grams.
An unknown organic compound (0.315 g) containing only C, H, and O produces 0.771 of CO2 and 0.105 g of H2O when it undergoes complete combustion. The approximate molar mass is 108 g/mol. Which of the following compounds could be the identification of the unknown?
Answer:
C₆H₄O₂
Explanation:
Given parameters:
Mass of the unknown compound = 0.315g
Atoms contained in the compound C, H and O
Mass of CO₂ produced = 0.771g
Mass of H₂O = 0.105g
Molar mass of compound = 108gmol⁻¹
The complete combustion of most hydrocarbon compounds like this would produce carbon dioxide and water only.
Solution
We first find the mass of the Carbon, hydrogen and Oxygen in the compounds given. We then continue to derive the empirical formula of the compound. From the empirical formula, we can find the compound from the given molar mass.We first find the mass of the Carbon, hydrogen and Oxygen in the compounds given.
Mass of carbon in compound = [tex]\frac{Molar mass of Carbon}{Molar mass of CO_{2} }[/tex] x mass of CO₂
Molar mass of C = 12
Molar mass of CO₂ = 12 + (16x2) = 44
Mass of CO₂ produced = 0.771g
Mass of carbon in compound = [tex]\frac{12}{44 }[/tex] x 0.771=0.2103g
Mass of H in compound = [tex]\frac{Molar mass of H}{Molar mass of H_{2}O }[/tex] x mass of H₂O
Molar mass of H in H₂O = 2
Molar mass of H₂O = 2 + 16 = 18
Mass of H₂O = 0.105g
Mass of H in compound = [tex]\frac{2}{18}[/tex] x 0.105 = 0.012g
Now, to find the mass of oxygen in the compound, we sum the mass H and C and subtract from the mass of the compound given:
Mass of oxygen = 0.315 - (0.2103 + 0.012)= 0.0927g
We then continue to derive the empirical formula of the compound.
C H O
mass of
atoms 0.2103 0.012 0.0927
Moles 0.2103/12 0.012/1 0.0927/16
0.018 0.012 0.006
Dividing by
the smallest 0.018/0.006 0.012/0.006 0.006/0.006
3 2 1
The empirical formula of the compound is C₃H₂O
From the empirical formula, we can find the compound from the given molar mass:
Molecular formula = (Empirical formula)n
Where n is the number of repeating times of the empirical formula present in one mole of the molecule.
Therefore n = [tex]\frac{molar mass of the compound}{molar mass of the empirical formula of the compound}[/tex]
Molar mass of the empirical formula C₃H₂O = (12x3) + (2x1) + (16) = 54g/mol
n = [tex]\frac{108}{54}[/tex] = 2
The molecular formula of the compound is = 2(C₃H₂O) = C₆H₄O₂
Final answer:
To identify the unknown organic compound from the combustion analysis data, one must calculate the moles of carbon and hydrogen from the CO2 and H2O produced, determine the empirical and eventually the molecular formula, and verify which compound options match the calculated formula and given molar mass.
Explanation:
When an unknown organic compound undergoes complete combustion, the products are CO2 and H2O. The amounts of these products can be used to determine the empirical formula of the compound.
First, from the 0.771 g of CO2 produced, we can calculate the moles of carbon, since each mole of CO2 contains one mole of carbon atoms. Similarly, from the 0.105 g of H2O produced, we can determine the moles of hydrogen, as each mole of H2O contains two moles of hydrogen atoms.
To find the identity of the unknown compound, we need to calculate the moles of each element and then the empirical formula. After finding the empirical formula, we can use the given approximate molar mass to find the molecular formula, which, in turn, will help us identify the compound. The compounds given as the options for the identity of the unknown must be checked against the calculated molecular formula.
Which of the following has potential energy but no kinetic energy? Longitudinal sound waves An arrow shot from a bow A compressed spring A vibrating atom
Answer:
A compressed spring
Explanation:
A compressed spring has potential energy only and no kinetic energy.
This is because kinetic energy is only possessed by particles in motion.
Energy in a compressed spring= -1/2kx² where x is the displacement.
In this equation there is no velocity so there is no kinetic energy.
Answer:
A compressed spring
Explanation:
Option C is correct. The potential energy is the energy stored in a compressed spring. This potential energy depends on the spring constant and the distance traveled by the spring as it is stretched. The work that is done in stretching a spring gets stored in the compressed spring as potential energy.
Option A is incorrect. As sound wave is a mechanical wave that carries both potential and kinetic energy.
Option B is incorrect. Arrow shot from a bow has kinetic energy.
Option D is incorrect. A vibrating atom has vibrational energy.
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, C9H8O4) is a weak monoprotic acid. To determine its acid-dissociation constant, a student dissolved 2.00 g of aspirin in 0.600 L of water and measured the pH. What was the Ka value calculated by the student if the pH of the solution was 2.60?
Answer:
The value of the dissociation constant will be:[tex]3.94\times 10^{-4}[/tex].
Explanation:
[tex]AsH\rightleftharpoons As^++H^+[/tex]
At ,t= 0 c 0 0
At eq'm (c-x) x x
Concentration of aspirin = c
[tex]c=\frac{2.00 g}{180 g/mol\times 0.600 L}=0.01851 M [/tex]
Expression for dissociation constant will be given as:
[tex]K_a=\frac{[H^+][As^+]}{[AsH]}=\frac{x\times c}{(c-x)}=\frac{x^2}{(c-x)}[/tex]..(1)
The pH of the solution = 2.60
The pH of the solution is due to free hydrogen ions whcih come into solution after partial dissociation of aspirin.
[tex]pH=2.60=\log[H^+]=-\log[x][/tex]
[tex]x=0.002511 M[/tex]
Putting value of x in (1).
[tex]K_a=\frac{x^2}{(c-x)}=\frac{(0.002511 M)^2}{(0.01851 M-0.002511 M)}[/tex]
[tex]K_a=3.94\times 10^{-4}[/tex]
The value of the dissociation constant will be:[tex]3.94\times 10^{-4}[/tex].
Temperature is defined as a. the equivalent of heat. b. a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual atoms or molecules composing a substance. c. how hot or cold it is. d. the total kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules composing a substance. e. None of the above is correct.
Temperature is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual atoms or molecules composing a substance.
Be sure to answer all parts.Classify each nitrogen-containing functional group in the anesthetic lidocaine according to whether it is an amide, or a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine.h542140Functional group 1 is a(n) .Functional group 2 is a(n)
Answer:
The 1st functional group is secondary amine and the 2nd fun. group is tertiary amine.
Explanation:
Lidocaine does not contain amide functional group in its composition as nitrogen is associated only with carbon.
In lidocaine, Functional group 1 is a secondary amine because it has two hydrocarbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom, and Functional group 2 is an amide due to the presence of a carbonyl group bonded to the nitrogen atom.
To classify the nitrogen-containing functional groups in lidocaine, it is important to understand the structure of amines and amides. Amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary by the number of hydrocarbon groups attached to the nitrogen atom, with a primary amine having one alkyl or aryl group, a secondary amine having two, and a tertiary amine having three. An amide is a functional group with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a nitrogen atom. In the structure of lidocaine, Functional group 1 is a secondary amine because it has two carbon atoms directly bonded to the nitrogen atom. Functional group 2 is an amide, identifiable by its carbonyl group bonded to the nitrogen atom.
8) A mixture of He, Ne and Ar has a pressure of 7.85 atm. If the Ne has a mole fraction of 0.47 and 8) Ar has a mole fraction of 0.23, what is the pressure of He? A) 4.2 atm B) 3.7 atm C) 5.5 atm D) 2.4 atm E) 1.8 atm
Answer: The correct answer is Option D.
Explanation:
To calculate the pressure of the Helium gas, we use the equation:
[tex]p_i=\chi \times P[/tex]
where,
[tex]p_i[/tex] = partial pressure of the gas
[tex]\chi[/tex] = mole fraction of the gas
P = total pressure
We are given:
Sum of all the mole fraction is always equal to 1.
[tex]\chi_{Ne}=0.47\\\chi_{Ar}=0.23\\\chi_{He}=(1-(0.47+0.23))=0.3\\P=7.85atm[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]p_i=0.3\times 7.85=2.4atm[/tex]
Hence, the correct answer is Option D.
To find the pressure of He in the mixture, calculate the mole fraction of He by subtracting the mole fractions of Ne and Ar from 1. Then, use Dalton's law of partial pressures to find the pressure of He by multiplying the total pressure of the mixture by the mole fraction of He.
Explanation:To find the pressure of He in the mixture, we need to first calculate the mole fraction of He. Since the mole fractions of Ne and Ar are given, we can calculate the mole fraction of He by subtracting their mole fractions from 1.
Therefore, the mole fraction of He is
1 - 0.47 - 0.23 = 0.3.
Next, we can use Dalton's law of partial pressures to find the pressure of He. According to Dalton's law, the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas. Since we know the total pressure of the mixture is 7.85 atm, we can set up the equation:
Pressure of He = Total pressure of mixture × Mole fraction of He = 7.85 atm × 0.3 = 2.355 atm.
Therefore, the pressure of He is approximately 2.4 atm (option D).
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How do you calculate the boiling point of pure water at 653.7 torr?
Explanation:
It is known that atmospheric pressure is equal to 760 torr.
And, at atmospheric pressure that is, 760 torr the boiling point of pure water is 100 degree celsius.
So, calculate the boiling point of pure water at 653.7 torr as follows.
[tex]\frac{100^{o}C}{760 torr} \times 653.7 torr[/tex]
= [tex]0.131 \times 653.7 torr[/tex]
= [tex]86.01^{o}C[/tex]
Therefore, we can conclude that the boiling point of pure water at 653.7 torr is [tex]86.01^{o}C[/tex].
The overall energy involved in the formation of CsCl from Cs(s) and Cl2(g) is −443 kJ/mol. Given the following information: heat of sublimation for Cs is +76 kJ/mol, bond dissociation energy for 12Cl2 is +121 kJ/mol, Ei1 for Cs is +376 kJ/mol, and Eea for Cl(g) is −349 kJ/mol. what is the magnitude of the lattice energy for CsCl? Express your answer numerically in kilojoules per mole.
Answer:
-667Kj see attached
Explanation:
Final answer:
To find the lattice energy for CsCl, we sum the given energies related to sublimation, bond dissociation, ionization, and electron affinity, then subtract the overall energy of formation. The magnitude of lattice energy for CsCl is calculated to be 624 kJ/mol.
Explanation:
To calculate the lattice energy for CsCl, we can use the provided enthalpy values in a Born-Haber cycle. We have:
Heat of sublimation for Cs: +76 kJ/mol
Bond dissociation energy for 1/2Cl₂: +121 kJ/mol
Ionization energy (Ei1) for Cs: +376 kJ/mol
Electron affinity (Eea) for Cl:
349 kJ/mol
Overall energy for the formation of CsCl:
443 kJ/mol
The lattice energy is the remaining term that balances the Born-Haber cycle equation, which summarizes the energy changes that occur when an ionic solid forms. Thus, we calculate the lattice energy (U) using the equation:
U = Sublimation energy + Bond dissociation energy + Ionization energy + Electron affinity + Formation energy
U = 76 kJ/mol + 121 kJ/mol + 376 kJ/mol - 349 kJ/mol - 443 kJ/mol
U = 624 kJ/mol, which is the magnitude of the lattice energy for CsCl.