Answer: reflex (involuntary) action
Explanation:
Salivation, after smelling baked cookies is best described as a reflex action, i.e it is a rapid, automatic and unconscious response that would always occur regardless of time or environment.
Other examples of reflex actions are
- blinking of the eye
- withdrawal of hand from hot objects etc
"Which theory suggests that input from touch fibers competes with input from pain receptors, possibly preventing pain messages from reaching the brain?"
Answer:
Gate theory of pain
Explanation:
Final answer:
The gate control theory of pain suggests that the competition between touch fibers and pain receptors can prevent pain messages from reaching the brain. Touch activates larger nerve fibers to close the 'gate' to pain. The brain's endorphin release and the descending pain modulatory system also play roles in pain perception.
Explanation:
The theory that suggests that input from touch fibers competes with input from pain receptors, possibly preventing pain messages from reaching the brain, is known as the gate control theory of pain. This theory was proposed by Ronald Melzack and Patrick Wall and posits the presence of a 'gate' in the spinal cord. According to this theory, touch or massage can activate larger nerve fibers which then block the signals from smaller pain fibers, effectively closing the gate to pain and preventing the pain signals from ascending to the brain.
The gate control theory helps to explain why distracting activities or focusing on touch rather than the source of pain can sometimes provide relief. In addition to the gate mechanism, the brain's release of endorphins can also modulate our perception of pain, acting as natural painkillers.
Modern research continues to explore the descending pain modulatory system, which consists of complex brain structures that can influence the perception of pain, demonstrating pain's subjective and multifaceted nature.
Consider the following statement: "If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones." This statement is an example of_______
Answer: Deductive reasoning
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Final answer:
The given statement is an example of deductive reasoning, using the classification of animals in biology, specifically the characteristic of having a vertebral column, to conclude that turtles have backbones.
Explanation:
The statement 'If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones' is an example of deductive reasoning. This kind of reasoning starts with a general statement or hypothesis and examines the possibilities to reach a specific, logical conclusion. This is represented in biology when we classify organisms based on their characteristics. For example, all vertebrates exhibit certain traits such as a vertebral column, which includes the backbone. Since turtles are classified as vertebrates, they must have a backbone as well. This logical progression from the general to the specific is a hallmark of deductive reasoning.
A 60-year-old man complains of chest pain. He is conscious and alert and denies shortness of breath. Which of the following questions would be the MOST appropriate to ask him?
Answer: "Do you have any heart problems or take any medications?"
Explanation:
The most suitable question to ask a 60-year-old man with chest pain is whether he was exerting himself when the pain began, as this helps discern if the pain is angina related to physical activity, a common symptom of coronary heart disease. Option A is correct.
When assessing a 60-year-old man complaining of chest pain who is conscious, alert, and denies shortness of breath, the most appropriate question to ask would be "Were you exerting yourself when the chest pain began?" This question helps determine if the chest pain, described as angina, is related to physical activity, which is a typical characteristic of ischemic chest pain due to coronary artery disease.
It's essential to identify if the pain is stable angina, which usually occurs with exertion and is relieved by rest, or whether it indicates a more emergent condition such as an acute myocardial infarction. Additional critical questions would involve inquiring about pain radiation to the arms, as angina pain can often spread to the arms, neck, jaw, back, or feel like indigestion. Given that any chest pain could potentially be a sign of a serious condition, thorough and immediate assessment by a medical professional is crucial.
Hence, A. is the correct option.
The complete question is:
A 60-year-old man complains of chest pain. He is conscious and alert and denies shortness of breath. Which of the following questions would be the MOST appropriate to ask him?
Select one:
A "Were you exerting yourself when the chest pain began?"
B "Do you have any heart problems or take any medications?"
C "Does the pain in your chest feel like a stabbing sensation?"
D "Does the pain in your chest move to either of your arms?"
This human karyotype is unusual because chromosome set
a. 5 has chromosomes of different shapes
b. 10 is missing genetic material
c. 14 has enlarged centromeres
d. 21 has an extra chromosome
Answer:
The correct option is d) 21 has an extra chromosome
Explanation:
The complete array of chromosomes that an individual possesses is known as the karyotype of the individual. Humans have 46 chromosomes which make up 23 pairs.
In the karyotype shown in the picture, the 21st pair has an extra chromosome. Such a condition is known as Down's Syndrome. In such a person, the mental ability of the person is influenced and he usually suffers from mental disabilities. The facial features of such a person also are different.
This human karyotype is unusual because chromosome set 21 has an extra chromosome (option d).
A karyotype is a graphic representation of the individual's collection of chromosomes.In diploid organisms (e.g., humans), each cell receives two homo-logous chromosomes, one from each parent.Human somatic (body) cells contain 46 chromosomes, which are organized into two sets of 22 homo-logous chromosomes and two sex chromosomes (either XX or XY).In conclusion, this human karyotype is unusual because chromosome set 21 has an extra chromosome (option d).
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Which of the following hormones is released by the anterior pituitary as a part of that positive feedback loop between it and the ovary?
The anterior pituitary releases LH and FSH as part of the positive feedback loop with the ovary, triggered by high levels of estrogen leading to ovulation.
Explanation:The hormone released by the anterior pituitary as a part of the positive feedback loop between it and the ovary is LH (Luteinizing Hormone) and FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone). This occurs when the dominant follicle in the ovary secretes a large amount of estrogen, which in normal cases would exert a negative feedback. However, when estrogen levels are extremely high, they instead trigger a positive feedback loop, causing the anterior pituitary to release significant amounts of LH and FSH into the bloodstream. This event predominantly happens during the ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle, signaling one of the key steps that lead to ovulation.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is released by the anterior pituitary in the positive feedback loop between it and the ovary.
Let's break down the options:
A) Progesterone: Progesterone is not released by the anterior pituitary; it is primarily produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary.
B) Luteinizing hormone (LH): LH is indeed released by the anterior pituitary and plays a crucial role in the positive feedback loop between the anterior pituitary and the ovary during the menstrual cycle.
C) Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH): GnRH is released by the hypothalamus, not the anterior pituitary. It stimulates the release of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary.
D) Estrogen: Estrogen is primarily produced by the developing follicles in the ovary, not the anterior pituitary.
E) Gonadotropin: This term refers to hormones that stimulate the gonads (ovaries and testes), such as LH and FSH. "Gonadotropin" alone does not specify a particular hormone released by the anterior pituitary.
Therefore, the correct answer is: B) Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is released by the anterior pituitary as part of the positive feedback loop between it and the ovary during the menstrual cycle.
The complete question is here:
Which of the following hormones is released by the anterior pituitary as a part of that positive feedback loop between it and the ovary?
A) Progesterone
B) Luteinizing hormone
C) Gonadotropin releasing hormone
D) Estrogen
E) Gonadotropin
Maria loves to dance. She has noticed that whenever she dances, she has more energy the next day. Maria has noticed a __________ correlation.
Answer:
Maria noticed a positive correlation
Explanation:
Correlation is used to measure the extend to which two or more variables are related.
It can be positive where one variable increases when the other increases.
Negative where the increase of one aspect decrease the other variable.
Lastly, no correlation means there is no relationship between the two variables hence a change in one will not affect the other.
In the case of maria, there is a positive correlation between having more energy the next day and her dancing.
1. ATP is used in the cell to transfer energy. __________ (True or False).2. When ATP is used in a reaction, the last phosphate is transferred to the substrate __________. (True or False). 3. Once phosphates are released from ATP they can be added back in an endergonic reaction. __________ (True or False). 4. The Gibbs free energy for the conversion of ATP to ADP is __________ .
Answer:
ATP is used in the cell to transfer energy True. 2. When ATP is used in a reaction, the last phosphate is transferred to the substrate True. 3. Once phosphates are released from ATP they can be added back in an endergonic reaction True. 4. The Gibbs free energy for the conversion of ATP to ADP is water .
Inhibitory neurotransmitters such as glycine and GABA make a postsynaptic cell harder to depolarize by allowing what?
Inhibitory neurotransmitters such as glycine and GABA make a postsynaptic cell harder to depolarize by allowing "an influx of Cl-".
Explanation:
The neurotransmitters which have inhibitory influence on the neuron are termed as "Inhibitory neurotransmitters". The major inhibitory neurotransmitters involve serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain and brain stem (spinal cord) respectively.
GABA uptake is temperature and ion-dependent as require both [tex]N a^{+}[/tex] and [tex]C l^{-}[/tex]. Even glycine transporters are also members of the large family of [tex]N a^{+} / C l^{-}[/tex] dependent neurotransmitter transporters. Both of them with the GABA transporters share approximately 50% sequence identity.
An adult daughter whose mother has bipolar disorder is concerned that she may also have the disorder because she engages in all of the following behaviors. Which behavior should be explored further as a manifestation of bipolar disorder?
Answer:
Making frequent purchases of expensive clothing that she never wears
Explanation:
With regards to a variation of a physiological value from its set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ the value back to the set point or normal limit.
A. returns
B. decreases
C. increases
D. There is not enough information to answer this question.
Answer:
Answer is A. returns.
Explanation:
Negative feedback is a situation where the result , outcome or end product of a system stabilize the input or stimulus of that same system.
Examples of negative feedback homeostasis and blood sugar regulation.
In blood sugar regulation, the glucagon tends to increase or raises the blood glucose when the level is low, while the insulin lower the blood glucose when the level is high.
Negative feedback mechanisms in physiological systems work to return a value back to its set point or normal limit by reversing changes, thereby maintaining stability in the system.
Explanation:In the context of physiological systems, the correct answer to the question would be 'A. returns'. Negative feedback mechanisms work to return a physiological value back to its set point or normal limit. This is because negative feedback systems act to counteract changes and maintain balance in the system. For example, if the body temperature rises, mechanisms such as sweating are initiated to decrease the temperature back to its normal limit. Thus, negative feedback works to maintain stability in a system by reversing any deviations from the set point.
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In a population of plants with a diploid number of 12, a new individual appeared with a chromosome number of 24. If this organism could self-fertilize, forming offspring with the same number of chromosomes (24), scientists would consider this an example of
not an answere but im looking for the same one
_________ is the preferred term to use when referring to the direction of a person’s sexual or romantic attraction.
Answer:
Sexual orientation
Explanation:
The sexual orientation is a term that defines the enduring pattern of sexual or romantic attraction of a person towards the opposite sex , same sex, more than one gender or towards both the sex. These are categorized as heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality. The another category includes asexuality that includes lack or no sexual attraction.
The gender and gender identity is different from the sexual orientation. The combination of certain factors like environment, hormones, biological and emotional are responsible for sexual orientation. Most of the individuals are aware about their sexual orientation during adolescence.
Starting with the smallest level of ecological organization and moving toward the highest, the order should go organism, __________.
Answer: population, community, ecosystem and biosphere
Explanation:
In ecological organization, the smallest level is Organism level (a unit representative).
Population level comes next after the Organism level. Population refers to the total number of organisms of the same species inhabiting a geographical area.
Then, Community level comes next after population level. A refers to group of plants, animals and other living components functioning in their non-living environment.
Ecosystem level is the next after community level. An ecosystem refers to the aggregate of living organisms interacting with the non-living components in an environment.
Lastly, Biosphere is the highest level in ecological organization. Biosphere refers to the part of the earth where living organisms occupies.
Answer: Individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere .
Explanation:
The levels of ecological organization are individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome and biosphere . They describe the arrangement of biological organisms in relation to each other, being a classification and organization of the various ecosystems. These ecosystems can be studied at small or large levels. At the simplest level of the hierarchy are the individual organisms, where interactions with other organisms are not considered. As the hierarchy has moved upwards, environmentalists have found more complex ways to describe the relationships between organisms. These culminate in the biosphere, which describes the totality of all living things on planet Earth.
Individual: Individuals or organisms constitute the basic unit of study in ecology. At this level, form, physiology, behaviour, distribution and adaptations to environmental conditions are studied. Similar organisms or individuals have the potential to cross over and produce fertile offspring. An individual or organism is fully adapted to its environment.Population: An ecological population is made up of a group of individuals of a given species living in a specific geographical area at a given time and functioning as a biotic community unit. Populations include individuals of the same species, but may have different genetic characteristics such as the color and size of hair, eyes and skin between them and other populations.Community: They include all populations in a specific area at a given time. A community includes populations of organisms of different species. For example, populations of fish, salmon, crabs and herring coexist in a defined location forming an ecological community. Biotic community organization results from the interdependence and interactions between populations of different species in a habitat. It is a set of populations of plants, animals, bacteria and fungi that live in an area and interact with each other.Ecosystem: Ecosystems are the place where living organisms interact with each other and with their physical environment. It is composed of a biotic community, integrated with its physical environment through the exchange of energy and recycling of nutrients. An ecosystem has two basic components: abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living organisms). Abiotic components comprise inorganic materials such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, CO2, water, etc., while biotic components include producers, consumers and decomposers.Biome: It is a set of ecosystems that share similar characteristics with their abiotic factors adapted to their environment. Biomes are units of land with a natural boundary that have a mosaic of terrains generally representing different ecosystems. It is a large regional unit characterized by an important type of vegetation and associated fauna found in a specific climatic zone.Biosphere : When we consider all the different biomes, each mixed into the other, with all the human beings living in many different geographical areas, we form a huge community of human beings, animals, plants and microorganisms in their defined habitats. A biosphere is the sum of all the established ecosystems on planet Earth. It is the living (and decomposing) component of the Earth system. The entire inhabited part of the earth and its atmosphere, including the living components are called the biosphere.With independent assortment, the ratio of genotypes in the F2 generation of a cross between true-breeding strains (AA bb x aa BB) can be described as 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1. To what genotype does the "4" in the ratio refer?a. AA Bb
b. Aa BB
c. Aa Bb
d. None of the answer options is correct.
Answer:
c. Aa Bb
Explanation:
The parents were pure breeding with genotypes AAbb and aaBB. A cross between AAbb and aaBB would produce AaBb genotypes in F1 progeny. Two F1 strains would be crossed to produce F2 progeny. The F2 progeny would have the genotype ratio= 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1.
Out of all the obtained genotypes in the F2 generation, the proportion of "AaBb" genotype was 4/16. Therefore, "4" in the given ratio represents the genotype "AaBb".
A test was given to a group of students. The grades and gender are summarized below A B C Total Male 5 18 8 31 Female 9 7 16 32 Total 14 25 24 63 If one student is chosen at random from those who took the test, Find the probability that the student got a 'C' GIVEN they are male.
Answer:
Pr. (male) = 0.49
Explanation:
A B C TOTAL
male 5 18 8 31
female 9 7 16 32
TOTAL 14 25 24 63
Now to find the probability that the student got a 'C' given they are male, we need to know the total numbers of males(i.e no of required outcomes) which = 31
also the total number of the group of students(i.e total no of possible outcomes) = 63
∴ Since Probability = [tex]\frac{no of required outcomes}{total no of possible outcomes}[/tex]
we have Pr (male) = [tex]\frac{31}{63}[/tex]
=0.49
Repeated use of a drug or alcohol to the point of periodic or chronic intoxication that is detrimental to the user or society is called ________.
Answer: Drug abuse
Explanation:
Repeated use of a drug or alcohol to the point of periodic or chronic intoxication that is detrimental to the user or society is called drug abuse or substance abuse.
Substance abuse or drug misuse, is use of a drug or substances in overdose amounts that for the purpose of intoxication or mood alteration. Most drugs abused have properties that are sedative, stimulants among many other properties.
Drug misuse have detrimental and adverse effects on both the individual and the society at large
if you selected the correct answer above, this means that you realized that natural selection is at play here. identify the four postulates
Answer:
Explanation:
•Variation: Organism shows variation within a population, these variation could be body size, facial marks, hair color, number of offspring, etc. Also some features shows little or no variation, for example the number of eyes a vertebrate have, etc
•Inheritance: Certain traits are always passed from parents to their offsprings, these traits are called HERITABLE TRAITS. But traits that are exhibited as a result of an environment are termed weak heritable traits.
•High rate of population growth: When the number of offsprings produced in a year is greater than the resources within an environment, such population will experience high rate of mortality.
•Differential Survival and reproduction: The ability possessed by an individual to struggle for survival within it's environment will give rise to more offspring in the next generation.
A client with a myocardial infarction (MI) develops pulmonary crackles and dyspnea. A chest X-ray shows evidence of pulmonary edema. The specific type of MI the client had is most probably:
Answer: The client may have ruptured ventricular septa because of MI which may cause cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Explanation:
When the heart is not able to beat properly and propel the blood forward into the body through aorta, blood can regurgitate into the lungs through pulmonary veins. Due to inceeased backup pressure in the veins, fluid may leak out of the vessels and therefore can be accumulated in the air spaces causing edema. This cardiogenic pulmonary edema causes dyspnea.
A strand of tRNA (anticodon) has a sequence of Adenine, Uracil, Guanine. What codon in mRNA attracts this strand of tRNA? A Adenine, Uracil, Guanine
Answer:
uracil, adenine, cytosine
Explanation:
The anticodon of tRNA binds to the triplet codon of mRNA. Adenine of tRNA would pair with uracil of mRNA codon. Uracil of the tRNA anticodon would pair with adenine of the mRNA codon. Similarly, the guanine of the tRNA anticodon binds to the cytosine of the mRNA codon. The codons of mRNA are read from 5' to the 3' direction. And the polarity of the anticodon of tRNA is opposite to that of the mRNA codons. Therefore, if a tRNA anticodon has a sequence of "Adenine, Uracil, Guanine", it would pair with the mRNA codon with a sequence "uracil, adenine, cytosine".
Answer:Uracil, Adenine,Guanine
Explanation: we have two nitrogenous base in both DNA and RNA this includes purine and pyrimidine.
Purine includes-Adenine and Thyamine or Uracil as in case of RNA while pyrimidine includes cytosine and guanine. Purine base pairs with pyrimidine base in both RNA and DNA i.e
Adenine-Thyamine/Uracil
Cytosine- Guanine.
For this question the pairing includes,
Adenine-Uracil(RNA)
Uracil-Adenine
Cytosine-Guanine
The practitioner carefully monitors his client who exhibits hemoglobin S (HbS) genes. The practitioner know that the client is predisposed to life-threatening infection due to damage by HbS to which of the following organs?
-Spleen
-Lungs
-Heart
-Pancreas
Answer:
Answer is spleen.
Explanation:
Spleen is an organ in the body, and responsible for various actions like blood purification, removal of damaged blood cells and production of white blood cell.
Splenic sequestation is a situation where the spleen becomes enlarged. And this is common to sickle cell anemia people, especially the children. That is , the shape of the red blood cells are sickle.
In this case , the spleen becomes bigger , and the amount of oxygenated blood cells in the body are reduced.
Why is DNA replication essential for a cell?
a.It allows the organism to repair any mistakes.
b.Because DNA is double-stranded.
c.An organism must copy its DNA to pass genetic information to its offspring.
d.All organisms require two copies of DNA.
Answer:
C. An organism must copy its DNA to pass genetic information to its offspring
Explanation:
Without the copying of the DNA life would not continue as existing organisms would not be able to reproduce and replace themselves.
Which protective covering of the brain provides passageways for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to drain into the superior sagittal sinus?a. periosteal part of the dura materb. membranous part of the dura materc. arachnoid materd. pia mater
Answer:
The correct answer is C) arachnoid mater.
Explanation:
Arachnoid mater, along with pia mater and dura mater, form the meninges, a very thick membrane that protects the brain and the spinal cord. The arachnoid mater is in the middle of the other two layers and it is very important since it holds the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in its interior. Arachnoid mater has finger-like projections that enter the dural venous sinuses and are called arachnoid villi. These villi are responsible for the diffusion of CSF into the blood.
Cytoplasm A) A process in which electrons are transferred from one compound to another with a release of energy occurring in the production of ATP A Electron transport chain B) An organic molecule that occurs as an intermediate in many metabolic processes C Fermentation C) The chemical breakdown of a substance B Pyruvate D) The gel-like material within a living cell
Answer:
D) The gel-like material within a living cell
Answer:D) The gel-like material within a living cell
Explanation: Cytoplasm are materials within the cell erxcept the nucleus. Its a gel like material and also known as cytosol. It is made up of water,enzymes,salt etc.
is a collections of 250 to 800 million neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain, permitting them to communicate and coordinate processing
Answer:
Corpus callosum
Explanation:
Corpus callosum is the red part of the brain that has a “C” shape. The corpus callosum, which is made up of over 200 million of neural fibers, links both hemispheres of the brain (the left and right brain) together, which allows for coordination and complex communication between both in order for the brain to function properly.
This structure usually starts forming about 12 weeks after conception of a child, and continues to develop up to about 12 years of age of the child.
The main function of the corpus callosum is the ensuring of uninterrupted flow of information, and the integration of complex information and tasks such as motor, sensory and cognitive functions between both hemispheres of the brain.
Every deliberate action you make, such as pedaling a bike, walking, scratching, or smelling a flower, involves neurons in the ________ nervous system.a) sympathetic
b) somatic
c) parasympathetic
d) autonomic
Answer:
b. Somatic
Explanation:
The somatic nervous system is one of the divisions of the peripheral nervous system. The somatic nervous system delivers the motor information from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles only. The skeletal muscles generate the responses which are consciously controlled. Therefore, the somatic nervous system regulates the voluntary movements of the body.
So, the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles such as the movement of limbs during walking, smelling a flower, pedaling, etc. are regulated by the neurons of somatic division.
Which term best describes coal, water, and wood?
A
man-made resources
B
renewable resources
C
non-renewable resources
D
natural resources
Coal, water, and wood are best described as natural resources. Coal is non-renewable, whereas water and wood can be renewable if properly managed, making 'natural resources' the umbrella term that accurately categorizes all three.
The question asks which term best describes coal, water, and wood. The best answer is D, natural resources. Natural resources are materials or substances that occur in the natural environment and can be used for economic gain. They are divided into two main categories: renewable and non-renewable resources. Coal is a non-renewable resource, as it does not regenerate at a rate that can sustain its consumption. Water and wood, however, can be considered renewable resources if managed properly; water cycles through the environment, and forests can be replanted and replenished. Therefore, the inclusion of both renewable and non-renewable items in the list points to the broader category of natural resources as the correct answer.
D) Natural resources - Coal, water, and wood are naturally occurring substances essential for various human activities and ecosystem functioning.
Coal, water, and wood are all examples of natural resources. Natural resources are materials or substances that occur naturally in the environment and are used by humans for various purposes. Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of plants that lived millions of years ago.
Water is a vital resource that occurs naturally in lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater, and is essential for life and various human activities. Wood comes from trees and is used for construction, fuel, and various other purposes.
These resources are considered natural because they are not created by human intervention but rather exist naturally in the environment. While some natural resources, like wood, can be renewable if managed sustainably, others, like coal, are non-renewable and finite in supply.
However, all of these resources are fundamentally derived from natural processes and are essential for supporting human civilization and the functioning of ecosystems.
The correct option is D) natural resources.
Multicellular fungi are composed of thread-like structures called , which group together to form mycelia to perform specific functions?
Answer:
The correct answer is- hyphae
Explanation:
Most multicellular fungi form thread-like filaments called hyphae. When these hyphae come together and fuse with each other they form mycelium.
This mycelium makes the body of multicellular fungi and because they are spread to longer distance they help in the absorption of water and nutrients for the fungi.
These mycelia are also responsible for secreting hydrolytic enzymes which play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter which is then absorbed by the fungi. Therefore the correct answer is hyphae.
Fungi are organized into thread-like structures known as hyphae. These hyphae, when grouped, form mycelia which enables fungi to perform various biological functions.
Explanation:
Multicellular fungi are composed of thread-like structures called hyphae, which group together to form mycelia. This organization allows fungi to perform essential tasks and function as a united entity. The grouped structure of the hyphae, the mycelium, is like the root system of the fungi, providing an expanded surface area for nutrient absorption. They play a distinctive role in decomposition and nutrient cycling and perform specific functions like nutrient absorption, reproduction, and growth.
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How do energy and matter move through an ecosystem?
1.Energy unidirectionally flows through an ecosystem, whereas matter generally cycles within an ecosystem.
2.Both energy and matter cycle within an ecosystem.
3.Matter unidirectionally flows through an ecosystem, whereas energy cycles within an ecosystem.
4.Both energy and matter unidirectionally flow through an ecosystem.
Answer:
1.Energy unidirectionally flows through an ecosystem, whereas matter generally cycles within an ecosystem.
Explanation:
In an ecosystem, energy from the organisms of one trophic level to that of next occurs by the process of feeding. The flow of energy follows a unidirectional path which means that energy from producers is carried to the primary consumers, secondary consumers and so on. It does not flow in reverse direction (from consumers to producers).
On the other hand, matter such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. are cycled via various biogeochemical cycles. For instance, plants intake carbon from the air in the form of CO2 and form organic nutrients. These organic nutrients carry the carbon from plants to herbivores and then to the consumers of higher trophic levels. However, when plants and consumers die, the carbon present in their tissues is decomposed and is released back to the surroundings. In this way, the carbon cycle cycles carbon in an ecosystem.
In an ecosystem, energy flows unidirectionally, starting from the sun to producers, then consumers. On the other hand, matter like carbon, nitrogen, or water is cycled within the ecosystem, passing through various living organisms and the physical environment.
Explanation:In an ecosystem, energy and matter interact in very different ways. Firstly, energy flows unidirectionally through an ecosystem. This means it is transferred from the sun to producers (like plants) in the form of light energy, which these organisms then convert into chemical energy via photosynthesis. Herbivores, or primary consumers, then eat these plants and take in this energy. This energy is subsequently transferred up the food chain as these herbivores are eaten by carnivores, and so on. However, with each transfer, some energy is lost to the environment as heat, making for a one-way flow.
On the other hand, matter cycles within an ecosystem. This encompasses components such as carbon, nitrogen, and water, which are recycled through living organisms and the physical environment. For example, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis. When they are consumed by animals, this carbon is incorporated into their bodies. Once these organisms die and decompose, the carbon is released back into the soil or atmosphere, completing the cycle.
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A combination of the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 VNTR gene and the 5-HTTLPR gene has been found to result in a(n) _____ temperament in 6-month-old infants.
Answer: Difficult temperament.
Explanation:
Difficult temperament in children is a situation where by a child shows characteristic features such as withdrawal, negative mood, high intensity, low regularity.
Raising children with difficult temperament can be very difficult, starting from infancy, such babies cry a lot, very hard and loudly, they are not easily soothe, they are difficult to get to sleep or even to stay asleep. They are also referred to as colic or high needs babies. One major way to deal with children who have difficult temperament is by not being emotional and instinctive in responding to them, the temperament of such children should be studied, and also their behaviour should not be taken personally.
The cumulative biological war and tear that results from responses to stress that to maintain body equilibrium is known as:___________
Answer:
The cumulative biological war and tear that results from responses to stress that to main body equilibrium is known as Allostatic load
Explanation:
This condition results from excess cycle of response as they want to maintain allostasis when different environmental challenge takes place.In such cases, imbalance occur in those hormones( glucocorticoid, catecholamine,cytokines) which are responsible for stress.Chronic dysregulation causes cumulative physiological risk and causes disease by damaging the tissue and major organ system.