Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Edward syndrome is also called as trisomy which is a genetic disorder. This disorder is caused due to the third copy of the all the part of the chromosome number 18.
The babies that are born is small and have heart defects. They have overlapping fingers.
The ultrasound cannot detect the problem but the process of amniocentesis can confirm the syndrome.
The 2:1 ratio of green to red fluorescence in comparative genomic hybridization suggests that the test subject has an extra copy of genetic material on chromosome 18, which likely indicates Edwards Syndrome, not Down Syndrome, option D is correct.
When performing comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), observing a ratio of green to red fluorescence that is consistently 2 along an entire chromosome, as described for chromosome 18 in this scenario, indicates a DNA copy number variation. In this case, a 2:1 ratio suggests that the test subject has gained extra genetic material on chromosome 18. The correct conclusion would be that the test subject likely has Down Syndrome. This is incorrect, as Down Syndrome is characterized by an extra copy (trisomy) of chromosome 21, not 18. An increased copy number on chromosome 18 could suggest other types of chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 18, also known as Edwards Syndrome and not Down Syndrome.
When a client develops a fever on the first postoperative day, the LPN/LVN auscultates rales bilaterally in the lower lobes. The LPN/LVN suspects that what complications of surgery is probably developing
The LPN/LVN must be suspecting post operative atelectasis.
Explanation:
Post operative fever in a patient is a common symptom but rales are mostly associated with blocking of air passage. And this blocking of air passage is a common symptom of atelectasis.
Moreover, atelectasis is common in patients who have undergone major surgeries under anesthesia.
Anesthesia changes the rate of lung intake so resulting in collapse of few alveoli.
Thus, it is more probable for the nurse to suspect the development of atelectasis.
The process of inflammation _____.
a. is an ongoing response to long-term infection
b. produces chemotaxis
c. is a fast process that destroys infected or damaged tissue
d. produces prostaglandins
e. is never helpful to healing
Answer:
D. produces prostaglandins
Explanation:
The inflammatory responseoccurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause,thus releasing chemicals like histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins.
Answer:
The process of inflammation is a fast process that destroys infected or damaged tissue
Explanation:
Inflammation entails an autoimmune process that causes damage to itself
Match the following vocabulary words with their definitions. 1. The belief that life started and has progressed solely by natural chemical processes interrelated 2. Qualities of your body that you get (genetically) from your parents DNA 3. Twisted strand of molecules in a cell nucleus containing genes and hereditary information heredity 4. Any number of items, functions or purposes which are dependent upon each other function 5. The purpose or job evolution
Explanation:
Evolution is how a species changes over many generations. A species is all the animals of one particular kind, like cats or turtles. Members of the same species can have babies with each other. A species evolves when parents pass down helpful traits to their children. A trait is anything about the animal. For example, some cats have long hair and some cats have short hair. When cats with long hair have babies, their babies also have long hair. Heredity alludes to the hereditary legacy went somewhere around our natural guardians. It's the reason we appear as though them! All the more explicitly, it is the transmission of characteristics starting with one age then onto the next.DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. In eukaryotic organisms, such as animals, plants, and fungi, the DNA is stored inside the cell nucleus and in the chromosomes. Prokaryotes (bacteria) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm within their cells. This master molecule, the DNA, is the perfect hiding place for biological or genetic information.Any number of items, functions or purposes which are dependent upon each other function are interrelated to each otherThe purpose of evolution is known as the function
If the base sequence of one strand in a DNA molecule is GACACATAGCAC, then the base sequence of the other strand must be: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. CTATGAATAGTA TCACACGCTACA. CTGTGTATCGTG. AAATTTCCCGGG GACACATAGCAC.
Answer:
CTGTGTATCGTG
Explanation:
According to the rule of complementary base pairing proposed by Erwin Chargaff, the Adenine binds the Thymine and the Cytosine binds the Guanine.
In the given question,
if the base sequence of one strand will be- GACACATAGCAC
The complementary strand will be- CTGTGTATCGTG.
This option is chosen as this option fits the complementary base pairing rule and the is the most appropriate option.
Thus, CTGTGTATCGTG is correct.
There are several hypotheses about the causes of muscular fatigue. These include depleted muscle glycogen stores, ion imbalances (especially K+), and which other mechanism?
Explanation:
Elevated intracellular Ca2+ has amazingly negative impacts on the elements of subcellular organelles, for example, the ER and mitochondria, prompting weakened metabolic homeostasis. Conversely, mediations that square Ca2+ passage into cells not just improved insulin affectability and glucose homeostasis in stout subjects and diabetic patients yet in addition reestablished autophagy and insulin affect the ability in fat mouse models. In any case, the sub-atomic instruments that interface intracellular Ca2+ over-burden to insulin obstruction have not been totally clarified. Insulin-animated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphoinositides (PIPs) at the 3-position to deliver PI(3,4)P2 or PI(3,4,5)P3, which select an assortment of flagging proteins with pleckstrin homology (PH) areas, including phosphoinositide-subordinate kinase 1 (PDK1) and protein kinase B (Akt).A-B binds specifically to neurons and blocks protein synthesis to kill the nerve cells. A'-B' binds specifically to intestinal epithelial cells and blocks Na2 uptake to cause diarrhea. What would injection of a hybrid toxin, A'-B, into an animal do to its muscle cells
Answer:
it will have no effects.
Explanation:
A'-B' will produce no effects because the receptor sites to which the hybrid A-B' is specific to is lacking in muscles cells, only present in epithelial cells .Therefore the hybrid A-B' will not be able to bind and this will not affect influx of sodium ions for depolarization.
Generally, A-B toxins are protein complexes, produced by bacteria which are pathogenic to the host. The A-represent separate components, while the B represent another components.Thus the two-components proteins, interacts to produce negative effect in the host.The A -components represent the active form, while the B-components represent the binding site.
In this present scenario, the binding site in the muscles cells specific for the A-B'to bind to is missing, therefore the toxin produces no effects and no change in internal functions of the muscle cells.
There are two types of cell division. The first (A) produces cells that are identical to the original cell. The second (B) produces cells that are different from the original cell. Which type of cell division do you think is the responsible for these processes
Answer:
A - mitosis
B - Meiosis
Explanation:
Mitosis is also referred to as equational division or division of vegetative or somatic cells. This type of cell division leads to the production of cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
Meiosis is also referred to as reductional cell division or the division of sex cells. The daughter cells have half of the genetic component of the parent cell. Exchange of chromosomal materials takes place between non-sister chromatids during meiosis and this ensures that the daughter cells become genetically different from their parent cell.
Hence, (A) is mitotic cell division while (B) is meotic cell division.
Franklin is giving a speech at a medical convention. He understands that his audience cares deeply about saving lives. His audience believes that every cost should be considered when human lives are at stake. He is speaking to them about a new medical technology that can save lives. Which part of this description speaks of audience values?
Answer:
He understands that his audience cares deeply about saving lives.
Explanation:
Medical convention are supposed to fulfill a critically important role in the ongoing education of physicians, technicians, nurses, and other health care providers.
In this instance, Franklin is addressing an audience who cares about saving life and are ready to use the best technology to save lives in their various ways and this is why they are present at the convention.
Completed QUE;
Franklin is giving a speech at a medical convention. He understands that his audience cares deeply about saving lives. His audience believes that every cost should be considered when human lives are at stake. He is speaking to them about a new medical technology that can save lives. Despite this, his audience is distracted by the view from a large window that looks out on the hotel pool. Which part of this description speaks of audience values?
Answer.
He understands that his audience cares deeply about saving lives.
Explanation:
His audience by listening to his speech and looking out towards the large pool were trying to relate his speech, and the application of the new medical technology, to accident that may occur assuming someone drown in the pool.
Hotel pool is synonymous with accidental drowning.Thus in this case they were tried to envisage how the speech, and technology may provide a collective safety method to save lives,
If a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis contains 16 chromatids, and a germ-line cell from this species divides by meiosis, then at the end of meiosis I (including the first cytokinesis) each cell will contain _
Answer:
8 chromatids
Explanation:
Meiosis is a kind of division that produces offsprings with their chromosomal number reduced by half. It occurs in a two-step division i.e. meiosis I and II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes (similar but non-identical chromosomes received from each parent) separate.
Hence, in this case involving a somatic cell with 16 chromatids. This means that it possesses 8 chromosomes since each chromosome comprises of two sister chromatids. During Anaphase 1 of meiosis 1, each homologous chromosome separate into opposite poles of the cell, and after cytokinesis, there would be 4 chromosomes (8 chromatids) in each cell.
These chromatids will separate in meiosis II.
Endosymbiotsis can best be described as Question 1 options: how a multicellular organism uses cell division to grow one organism living completely inside another organism two organisms occupying the same type of environment many cells of one type of organism living closely together
Answer:
Endosymbiosis can best be described as one organism living completely inside another organism.
Explanation:
Endosymbiosis is referred to a mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms where one organism lives completely inside another organism. The organism which lives inside another one is known as an endosymbiont.
According to the endosymbiotic theory, all eukaryotic cells are evolved from early prokaryotes. Eukaryotes engulf prokaryotic cells capable of aerobic respiration by phagocytosis. The engulfed prokaryotic cells remain undigested and contribute new functionality such as energy production, photosynthesis, etc to the host cell. Eventually, the engulfed cell became an organelle. The organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells are considered to have arisen through endosymbiosis.
One example of endosymbiosis includes the relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (endosymbiont) that live in the root nodules of legumes. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria helps the plants to absorb nitrogen from the soil and plants provide food for the bacteria. The other examples include the relationship between termites and the microorganisms in its gut, single-cell algae living inside corals, etc.
Mr. Ramirez, whose blood type is AB-, has been injured and requires a blood transfusion. Which blood type may be acceptable for Mr. Ramirez to acquire?
Answer:
Mr. Ramirez can only accept B-
I believe the answer is "B". Please correct me.
Which list below describes a possible path of rain through the water cycle?
Select one:
a. Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff
b. Runoff, ocean storage, evaporation, condensation
c. Transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff
d. Evaporation, precipitation, runoff, lake storage
Answer: The only logical correct answer is "B".
Explanation: Given the fact that the question asks for the path of rain. Rain = Precipitation, thereofer being step 1.
After precipitation (given on the question) the logical path would be to: become a runoff after it rains, then it somehow ends up at the ocean which becomes stored until it evaporates, and condensates again. after this the cycle starts again.
which question can be answered using the scientific method process?
Which of the following is NOT a major difference between DNA and RNA? RNA is only associated with coding parts of the genome. Uracil replaces thymine in RNA. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded. RNA is much more structurally stable than DNA.
Answer:
RNA is much more structurally stable than DNA.
Explanation:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) are both nucleic acids made up of nucleotide subunits and contains the genetic information of living cells. However, there are few structural and functional differences between them.
Firstly, RNA is a single stranded molecule as opposed to DNA that is a double helical structure consisting of long chains of nucleotides.
Secondly, the nucleotide that makes up both nucleic acids contains nitrogenous bases in its structure. These nitrogenous bases are four viz: Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine. Thymine in the DNA is replaced by Uracil in the RNA molecule.
Also, only the coding parts of the gene are transcibed into a mature RNA. Other non-coding regions are removed during post-transcriptional process. DNA contains both the coding and non-coding regions of the genome.
The answer is D because, DNA is a more structurally stable molecule than RNA. Hence, it can serve as a storage material for genetic information as opposed to the short-lived RNA that is only used to convey the information.
RNA is much more structurally stable than DNA.
The statement that "RNA is much more structurally stable than DNA" is inaccurate. In fact, DNA is generally considered more structurally stable than RNA. The structural stability of nucleic acids is influenced by their composition and the type of bonds present. DNA is a double-stranded molecule with a stable helical structure, and the presence of thymine instead of uracil contributes to its stability. The hydrogen bonding between adenine and thymine (A-T) and cytosine and guanine (C-G) in DNA forms a strong and stable double helix.
On the other hand, RNA is typically single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine. The absence of a second strand and the presence of uracil make RNA more susceptible to structural instability. Additionally, RNA is more prone to hydrolysis and degradation due to the presence of the 2'-hydroxyl group in its ribose sugar.
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Which comic book featured the first appearance of iron man?
I think it is in Tales of Suspense #39 that the cover dated March 1963. May 1968 Iron Man #1 received its own title.
Answer:
the comic book was called Tales of Suspense #39
The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that membranes ____________
The fluid mosaic model of cell membrane suggests that the membrane is made of a fluid lipid bilayer in which proteins can move around freely, creating a mosaic-like structure. Other components like carbohydrates can also be part of this structure.
Explanation:The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that membranes are a dynamic and complex structure consisting of a bilateral layer of lipids interspersed with proteins. In this model, the lipid bilayer provides a fluid environment in which various proteins can float and move around. These proteins can function as receptors, enzymes, channels, or transporters, making the membrane a very versatile structure. Also, other components like carbohydrates can be attached to proteins and lipids, contributing to the mosaic-like feature of the membrane.
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The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposes that membranes have a fluid character and are composed of a mosaic of components, including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Explanation:The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposes that membranes have a fluid character and are composed of a mosaic of components, including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates. This model suggests that the components of the membrane can move fluidly within the plane of the membrane and that the mosaic-like composition gives the membrane its structure.
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Which structures are responsible for the movement of white blood cells to engulf infectious bacteria?
Answer:
is answer D
Explanation:
The structure that is responsible for the movement of white blood cells to engulf infectious bacteria is - Microfilament.
Microfilaments are the narrowest type of cytoskeleton fibers. The function is the movement, provides rigidity and shape. These filaments are made of two intertwined strands of a globular protein called actin.
They can depolymerize and reform quickly allows the cell to change its shape and move.White blood cells make good use of this ability.They can move to the site of infection with the help of microfilament and phagocytize the bacteria.White blood cells move from blood to the site of infection.The movement of WBC is assisted by the polymerization and depolymerization of microfilaments.Thus, the structure that is responsible for the movement of white blood cells to engulf infectious bacteria is - Microfilament.
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A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases that codes for a single protein. Approximately how many nucleotide bases would be required to code for a protein chain that is 100 amino acids long?
Answer:300
Explanation:
A codon specify a particular amino acid. It is been read in three base pair or nucleotide. Cells are able to decode mRNA by reading this codon that specify a particular amino acids. We have the start codon (AUG specifying methionine) and stop codon which are three UAA,UGA,UAG
The start codon specify when to start translation and the stop codon specific when translation should stop.
Since a codon contains is a group of 3 nucleotide Bases then 100 amino acid will contain 300 nucleotide bases.
Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task. This best illustrates....
Answer:
social facilitation
Explanation:
The concept of social facilitation was first proposed by Norman Triplett. After observing a cycling event, in which he noticed that cyclist performed better when they have others around competing with them, rather than cycling alone just against time. This led him to duct an experiment where he gave some children strings to wound fishing reel. He observed that, children wound the fishing reel faster in the presence of other children performing similar task, when compared to when perform such task alone.
This concept discovered by Norman Triplett, best illustrates the concept of social facilitation, which posits that, individuals tend to perform better in the mere presence of others or when they perform a task with others, than when performing the task alone.
Norman Triplett's observation of adolescents performing a task faster in the presence of others illustrates the concepts of social facilitation and deindividuation. The increased performance when being observed is related to the Hawthorne effect. It also relates to ideas of workplace efficiency through task specialization.
Explanation:The observation made by Norman Triplett that adolescents wind a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task illustrates the concept of social facilitation. Social facilitation is a psychological phenomenon where individuals tend to perform better on tasks when they know they are being observed or when they are in the presence of others performing the same task. This concept aligns well with the Hawthorne effect, where employees' performance improved when they were observed or interacted with by researchers or supervisors.
Another related concept is that of deindividuation. This occurs when people's awareness of their individuality is reduced, often in group settings. This lessened self-awareness can lead to increased adherence to group norms and can stimulate performance on tasks.
Moreover, Triplett's observation also relates to ideas about workplace efficiency. Much like in a factory setting where workers can learn to do tasks more quickly or effectively when they specialize, individuals in Triplett's scenario may have felt a drive to perform the task more quickly due to being observed by another person doing the same task.
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Refer to Animation: Base Excision Repair. In the example in the animation, uracil is incorrectly paired with guanine. What is the effect on the DNA sequence if base excision repair does not remove the uracil and DNA replication is allowed to proceed?
Explanation:
Base excision repair operates for small DNA damage such as deaminated bases
DNA glycosylase plays an important role in cleavage of glycosidic bond of abnormal base (does not cleave phosphodiester bond)Uracil is incorrectly paired with guanine then mutation will occurThe original GC base pair will change into AT base pair(transition of GC to AT)Transition is a mutation in which one purine(adenine or guanine) is substituted for other or one pyrimidine(cytosine or thymine or uracil) is substituted for otherWhat are the five special senses and what distinguishes them from somatic senses such as mechanoreception (pressure, vibration and proprioception), pain (nociception) and heat (thermoception)?
Answer:
Special senses include:
SmellVisionHearing/balanceTasteExplanation:
Somatic senses are specialized never cells that act as receptors of a certain stimulus, such as pain and pressure. the detected stimulus is converted to a nerve impulse that travels along the afferent nerves to the central nervous system for processing and generating a response.
Special senses on the other hand have sense organs such as tongue and nose that gather the sensation turns it to a nerve impulse that travels along the afferent nerves to the CNS for processing and generating a response.
Final answer:
The five special senses, which are olfaction, gustation, equilibrium, vision, and hearing, have specific organs devoted to them and are designed to collect and transmit specific types of stimuli to the brain through sensory transduction. General senses, like mechanoreception, nociception, and thermoception, do not have specialized organs and their receptors are spread throughout the body.
Explanation:
Differences Between Special and General Senses:
Humans have five special senses: olfaction (smell), gustation (taste), equilibrium (balance and body position), vision, and hearing. What distinguishes them from the general senses, such as mechanoreception (pressure, vibration, and proprioception), nociception (pain), and thermoception (heat), is that special senses have specific organs devoted to them, such as the nose, tongue, inner ear, and eyes. In contrast, general senses, which fall under the category of somatosensation, do not have specialized organs; instead, their receptors are distributed throughout the body in various organs and structures.
The five special senses are designed to collect and transmit very specific types of stimuli to the brain. Sensory transduction is the process by which these senses convert stimuli (like light, sound, or chemical molecules) into electrical signals in the nervous system. In contrast, general senses deal with a range of stimuli from the external and internal environment and are less specialized in terms of receptor location and structure.
__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells.__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells.AlbuminKeratinCollagenProteoglycanMucin
Mucins are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells.
Explanation:
Goblet cells, named after their goblet-like shape, are usually found in the epithelium of respiratory and intestinal tracts in the body. Their main function is to produce mucus (primarily made up of mucins), a slippery combination of proteins, water and sugars, that serves three main functions:
The barrier function: By trapping the unwanted/harmful particles that we inhale and preventing them from entering our system.The protection function: By keeping the hair-like cilia lubricated and moist to remove the harmful particles.The defence function: Mucus is made up of certain enzymes, antibodies and proteins that act as a defence mechanism for the body.A unique property of mucins is their capability to form gels - sticky and viscous substances that work both as lubricants as well as defensive chemical barriers in the body.
Mucins are complex glycoproteins secreted by goblet cells. They form a protective layer over epithelial tissues, safeguarding them from harmful particles.
Explanation:Mucins are the water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells. Goblet cells are found in various tissues in the body including the respiratory tract, intestines, and conjunctiva of the eye. These cells secrete mucins, which are incredibly large and complex proteins, to create a protective mucous layer over the epithelial tissues. The primary function of this secreted mucus is to protect these tissues from bacteria, dust, and other particles that may cause harm.
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What accounts for the diversity of cell types and functions in humans relative to simpler animals, despite not having significantly more genes than simpler animals?
Completed Ques.
A. Many human genes can encode multiple proteins.
B. Complexity arises from differential gene expression.
C. Humans gain more genes through horizontal gene transfer.
D. Complexity arises from different combinations of proteins.
Answer:
A,B,D
Explanation:
A. Many human genes can encode multiple proteins.
The characteristic of DNA and RNA tipple codes to code for a particular protein, and for each of these bases to re-arranged to form a different triplet code , to translate for another protein, makes multiple proteins to be coded for by many genes. (generally the 4 bases(A,TC,G, U) can combine in 64 times to form triplet codes with each coding for a specific protein)This makes varieties of proteins to be synthesized, for different cellular reactions e,g need for hormones, enzymes,and for different biochemical reactions for efficient functioning of the body. A characteristic lacking in simple animals.
B. Complexity arises from differential gene expression.
The complexity of gene expression is due to the fact that the processes of transcription and translation at the onset of gene expression are separated and occurs, after the completion of one another. Each of this stage requires separate enzymes, conditions, processes before they can take place, and different cell organelles to coordinate.Besides the ability of each cells to regulate different levels of gene expression -Epigenetic regulation is additional complexity of the gene expression.
D. Complexity arises from different combinations of proteins.
The ability to produces different combinations of proteins with different physiological and anatomical functions, explains the complexity and diversification in eukaryotes compare to simple animals.
The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called
Answer:
Nondisjunction.
Explanation:
Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes fail to segregate during cell division. It can occur during the process of mitosis as well as meiosis.
The cells in the body are all diploid, that is, have two sets of 23 chromosomes except the gametes or sex cells which are the egg and sperm cells which have only one set of 23 chromosomes also called haploid.
Meiosis occur when haploid gametes are created from a diploid cell. In meiosis, chromosomes separate to produce four gametes, all haploid.
The failure of these chromosomes to separate normally, is called nondisjunction.
Nondisjunction refers to the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis, resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the resultant gametes. It can occur in either meiosis I or II, with differing results, including the formation of aneuploid gametes which are linked to a variety of genetic disorders.
Explanation:The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called nondisjunction. This can occur during either meiosis I or meiosis II with differing results. If homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I, the result is two gametes that lack that particular chromosome and two gametes with two copies of the chromosome. If sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II, the result is one gamete that lacks that chromosome, two normal gametes with one chromosome copy, and one gamete with two chromosome copies.
Nondisjunction leads to the formation of aneuploid gametes, which carry an abnormal number of chromosomes and are often associated with conditions such as Down syndrome or Turner's syndrome. Notably, nondisjunction contributes to aneuploidy, which is characterized by a change in the number of chromosomes in the cells. This results in the deviation from the normal diploid number and can potentially lead to numerous genetic disorders.
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Interestingly, ____________ do not directly attack nor destroy any pathogens, rather they bind to pathogens and in doing so render them incapable of causing an immune response.
Answer:
antibodies
Explanation:
Antibodies are soluble mediators of the immune system.
They are also known as immunoglobulins and are bifunctional molecules.
They consist of polypeptide chains with an antigen binding site and a site that carries out the biological activity of the molecule.
Antibodies are expressed on the cell surface of B cells. When these B cells are stimulated by antigen, they differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells. The antibodies secreted then serve as effector molecules for cells functioning in the innate and/or adaptive immune systems.
For example, particular antibodies trigger the activation of the classic complement pathway.
Match the definitions with their vocabulary terms. Not all terms will be used. a. ______process in which organisms with extreme expressions of a trait are removed.b. ______process in which shift of a population toward an extreme version of a beneficial trait.c. ______process in which individuals with average traits are removed, creating two populations with extreme traits
The answers are Stabilizing selection, directional selection and disruptive selection respectively.
Explanation:In case of a population of a species, there exists both the homozygous alleles as well as the hybrid of the two characters. This leads to co existence of both hybrids and homozygotes together in a population.
Now because of the natural selection, there remains some characteristics in either homozygotes or in hybrids which gets special advantages over other. So nature selects the preferred race and the number of those individuals in the population increase.
If number of one of the homozygotes increase, then it's the directional selection.
If the number of the hybrids increase, then its Stabilizing selection.
And if both the homozygotes are selected, then it's divergent selection.
The protostome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history, resulting in two main subgroups-Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa. What does this finding suggest?
Answer:
Division of these two groups occurred after the protostome developmental sequence appeared
Very low concentrations of detergent make membranes leaky to small molecules and ions without damaging proteins. In isolated mitochondria exposed to detergent, the molecules of the electron transport chain and of ATP synthase remain intact. Do you expect ATP synthesis to continue in the presence of low concentrations of detergent?A. Yes, because all enzymes and electron carriers are functionalB. No, because with a leaky membrane, the proton gradient cannot be maintainedC. No, because leaky membranes inhibit glycolysisD. No, because leaky membranes do not allow NADH and FADH2 to donate their electrons to the electron transport chain
No, because with a leaky membrane, the proton gradient cannot be maintained
Explanation:The cell membrane is composed of a protein lipid bilayer. The detergent is very efficient to clean out portions of lipid from the protein part, thus disrupting the cell membrane. In presence of low concentration of detergent, the small portions of lipid are taken out, leaving the cell membrane structure intact, but with smaller pores which can lead to leakage of several smaller substances from inside.
So these leaky membranes don't allow the gradient of proton to build up. Thus ATP cannot be produced. So the cell cannot respire with detergent present.
Urinary tract infections are commonly caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Escherichia coli, less commonly caused by Proteus mirabilis. You have a mixed culture of these pathogens, which you inoculate onto both MacConkey agar and nutrient agar, and then you incubate the plates at optimal growth conditions. On the MacConkey agar, E. coli appears pink, P. mirabilis appears colorless, and S. saprophyticus does not grow. All three microorganisms appear cream on the nutrient agar plate. What is the best explanation for this data?A. MacConkey agar is a selective medium whereas nutrient agar is a differential medium.
B. MacConkey is both a differential and a selective medium.
C. Nutrient agar is both a selective and differential medium.
D. MacConkey agar is a differential medium, whereas nutrient agar is a selective medium.
Answer:
B. MacConkey is both a differential and a selective medium.
Explanation:
Selective media contain the ingredients that allows for the growing of specific microbes while inhibiting the others.
For example MacConkey media facilitate the growth of gram negative bacteria and inhibit the growth of gram positive bacteria. That why E. coli and P. mirabilis grew on the media because these are gram negative and S. saprophyticus does not grew being gram positive.
Differential media allow to differentiate between selected microbes by visual observation.
For Example MacConkey media differentiate between organisms that can ferment lactose to the organisms that can't ferment it. That why E. coli appeared pink on the media because it can ferment lactose while P. mirabilis appears colorless because it usually cannot ferment lactose.
Final answer:
MacConkey agar is both selective and differential because it inhibits gram-positive bacteria and distinguishes between lactose fermenters and non-fermenters, while nutrient agar is neither selective nor differential, and supports the growth of a wide variety of bacteria. So the correct option is B.
Explanation:
The best explanation for the data where E. coli appears pink and P. mirabilis appears colorless on MacConkey agar, while S. saprophyticus does not grow, and all three microorganisms appear cream on the nutrient agar plate is option B: MacConkey is both a differential and a selective medium.
MacConkey agar contains bile salts and crystal violet, which inhibit the growth of many gram-positive bacteria and favor the growth of gram-negative bacteria, making it selective. As for its differential property, the agar includes lactose and a pH indicator that identifies lactose fermenters by turning pink due to the acidic by-products of fermentation, while non-fermenters remain colorless.
In contrast, nutrient agar is neither selective nor differential. It supports the growth of a wide range of bacteria without distinguishing between different types or species, which is why all three organisms appear cream-colored on this medium.
The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for __________.
Answer:
B. meaning
Explanation:
Here is the complete question:.
The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for
A. modality.
B. meaning.
C. physical characteristics.
D. location.
B. meaning
In the model of attention in late selection models, selection of stimuli for
final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for meaning.
In late selection models, information is selected after stimuli identification
and processing of the information for meaning. In early selection models,
the stimuli aren't yet fully processed to form information and occurs at the
early stages of processing.
This means that the model of attention in the late selection model occurs
only when information has been analyzed and processed to give a meaning
after which action occurs.
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