Answer: An ionic bond is a bond between a cation and an anion.
Explanation:
You can find the definition of ionic bond as the electrostatic force that bonds together the cations and anions in a ionic compound.
Cations are positively charged particles formed by the lack (loss) of electrons of the atoms.
Anions are negatively charged particles formed by the excess (gain) of electons of the atoms.
Therefore, being anions and cations particles with opposed charges, they will be attracted to each other by electrostatic force.
This electrostatic force that bonds together the cations and anions (particles with opposed charges) is named ionic bond.
The ionic bonds are typical of the cations formed by the metals, especially alkalyne metals (group 1 elements) and alkalyne earth metals (group 2 elements), with the anions formed by the non-metals, for instance oxygen (group 16) and halogens (group 17). The relative high difference in the electronegativities of these metals and non-metals permit that the metals transfer some few electrons to the non-metals, forming the respective cations and anions, which will result in the ionic bond between them.
How can you determine if elements have similar chemical properties?
The similarity of chemical properties in elements can be determined by their position in the periodic table, specifically in the same group or period.
Similar chemical properties in elements can be determined by looking at their position in the periodic table and their electronic configurations.
Elements in the same group or column of the periodic table have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons, which are responsible for bonding and chemical reactions. For example, all elements in Group 1 (alkali metals) have similar properties, such as being highly reactive and easily forming positive ions.
Additionally, elements in the same period or row of the periodic table have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electron shells. For example, elements in Period 3 all have three electron shells, which influences their reactivity and bonding behavior.
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For which atom is it difficult to predict the most probable ionic charge using the periodic table?
The atom for which the prediction of ionic charge has been difficult based on the periodic table is Cobalt.
The ionic charge has been imposed on the atom when there has been a loss or gain of an electron, in order to achieve the stable electronic configuration. The elements on the loss of electron have attained a +ve charge, while the gain of an electron by an atom gives it a -ve charge.
The elements in the periodic table have an oxidation state for the ionic form of the elements. The varying oxidation state element has been able to attain a varying ionic state. Cobalt has been present with varying oxidation states, thus it has been difficult to predict the ionic charge of Cobalt using the periodic table.
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What is the name of the compound cs (mno4)2
a. Cadmium manganate
B. Cadmium manganate
C. Cadmium manganate
D. Cadmium permangantie
The name of the compound Cs(MnO4)2 is Cesium Permanganate.
Explanation:The compound Cs(MnO4)2 is correctly named as Cesium Permanganate. In this compound, Cs represents the element Cesium and MnO4 represents the polyatomic ion called Permanganate. The suffix -ate typically denotes ions that include oxygen
The compound Cs(MnO4)2 is called cesium permanganate.
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How much sulfur dioxide can be produced by the combustion of 21 tons of sulfur?
Chanice drives her scooter 7 kilometers north she stops for lunch and then drives 5 kilometers east what distance did she cover?? What was her displacement
Answer:
Total distance of covered by Chanice is 12 km
8.60 km was her displacement in the direction of north-east.
Explanation:
Distance covered by Chanice in north direction = 7 km
Distance covered by Chanice in an east direction = 5 km
Total distance of covered by Chanice = 7 km+ 5 km = 12 km
Displacement is defined as shortest distance from initial point to final point.
In a ΔABC, the displacement of the Chanice = AC
ΔABC, is a right angled triangle.So, by applying Pythagoras theorem we can determine the the length of AC.
[tex]AB^2+BC^2=AC^2[/tex]
[tex](7 km)^2+(5 km)^2=AC^2[/tex]
AC = 8.60 km
8.60 km was her displacement in the direction of north-east.
Final answer:
The distance Chanice covered on her scooter is the sum of her northward and eastward travels, 12 km. Her displacement is the hypotenuse of the right triangle formed by her path, approximately 8.6 km. The magnitude of her displacement is also about 8.6 km.
Explanation:
Chanice drives her scooter 7 kilometers north and then 5 kilometers east. The distance she covered is the total length of her travel path, which is the sum of these two separate distances.
The displacement, however, is the shortest path between her starting and ending points, measured in a straight line. In Chanice's case, we can calculate this by envisioning a right triangle where the legs of the triangle are her northward and eastward paths. The hypotenuse of this triangle will be her displacement. Using the Pythagorean theorem, displacement (Δd) can be calculated as Δd = √(7² + 5²) = √(49 + 25) = √74, which is approximately 8.6 kilometers.
The magnitude of her displacement is the absolute value of her displacement, which is simply the hypotenuse calculated above, about 8.6 kilometers.
One light-hour is the distance that light travels in an hour. how far is this, in kilometers? ( recall that the speed of light is 300,000 km/s )
“The maximum amount of energy that can be used to do work.” This statement describes which measure?
A.) Ecell
B.) K
C.) ∆G
D.) F
How many moles of water are produced when 3.45 moles of KMnO4 react? Give your answer to the nearest 0.1 moles
Final answer:
The number of moles of water produced when 3.45 moles of KMnO₄react is 5.2 moles.
Explanation:
To determine the number of moles of water produced when 3.45 moles of KMnO₄ react, we need to look at the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Let's assume the reaction is balanced as follows:
2 KMnO₄ + 3 H₂O -> 2 MnO₂+ 2 KOH + 3 O₂
From the balanced equation, we can see that 3 moles of water are produced for every 2 moles of KMnO₄ reacted. Therefore, if 3.45 moles of KMnO4 react, we can calculate the number of moles of water produced using a proportion:
(3.45 moles KMnO₄) x (3 moles H₂O / 2 moles KMnO₄) = 5.175 moles H₂O
Rounding it to the nearest 0.1 moles, the number of moles of water produced is 5.2 moles.
When 3.45 moles of KMnO4 react, approximately 6.9 moles of water are produced. Rounding to the nearest 0.1 mole, the answer is 6.9 mol.
To find the moles of water produced, we need to follow these steps:
1. **Balance the chemical equation:** The balanced equation for the reaction of KMnO4 with water is:
2KMnO4 + 8H+ -> 2Mn2+ + K2SO4 + 4H2O
2. **Use the stoichiometric coefficients:** From the balanced equation, we see that for every 2 moles of KMnO4 that react, 4 moles of water are produced.
3. **Calculate the moles of water:**
- Moles of water produced = (Moles of KMnO4 reacted) * (Moles of water produced per mole of KMnO4)
- Moles of water produced = (3.45 mol) * (4 mol H2O / 2 mol KMnO4)
- Moles of water produced = 6.9 mol
Therefore, when 3.45 moles of KMnO4 react, approximately 6.9 moles of water are produced. Rounding to the nearest 0.1 mole, the answer is 6.9 mol.
Lab worksheets oh what a tangled web we weave
Questions:
1. In how many food chains do the following animals appear? (count the # of food chains in part B)
hawk ___4__ earthworm ___2__ fox __6___
owl ___3__ snake __4___ small insects__1__
2. In how many food chains do plants (parts) appear? __all(14)__
3. List the names of the living things in this forest ecosystem that are producers. Plant parts
4. List those things that are only primary consumers. Crickets, earthworms, small insects, land snails, rabbits, and sparrows.
5. What is another name for an animal that is only a primary consumer? Herbivore
6. List those things that are only secondary consumers. Foxes, Hawks, Owls, Robins, Snakes.
7. What is another name for an animal that is only a secondary consumer? Carnivore
8. List the consumers that eat both plants and animals. Mouse, raccoon
9. What is another name for an animal that eats both plants and animals? Omnivore
10. What would happen to the food web if all the plants were removed? Everything will die. Explain your answer. Plants are the only organisms that can make their own food.
11. Describe how 3 animals might be affected if owls were removed from the food chain. Rabbits, mice, and snakes will probably increase since one of their predators is gone.
12. Draw three food chains showing producers and consumers that you might see in your backyard or on your way to school. (You may use words or drawings.)
grass → grasshopper → robin
nut → squirrel → cat
berry → bird → cat
(OR ANY OTHER VALID EXAMPLE)
13. Since only 10% of the energy produced by a level in a food chain is passed on to its predator, there have to be many more “prey” than “predators”. Draw a food pyramid of the first food chain listed in Part A. Remember that there are more producers than primary consumers, more primary consumers, and secondary consumers, etc.
raccoon
mouse
land snail
plant parts
14. If 2000 kcal of energy are available in the grass, how much energy would be available to the cow that eats the grass? To the human that eats the cow?
Assuming that all energy is used:
Since only 10% of the energy is available to the next level consumer – (.1)(2000 kcal) = 200 kcal of energy available to the cow. For the human (.1)(200 kcal) = 20 kcal available to the human. In other words, the human-only receives 1% of the original energy produced by the plant.
15. Which organism in this food web has the greatest influence on the ecosystem? Justify your answer.
This is a really tough one to answer. In reality, they are all equally important, and time should be spent going over all possibilities. Most students will guess plants since all life depends on the energy produced by plants. The teacher should also point out that, if a top-level consumer is killed off, the organisms it eats will increase in population, which might mean that more grass will be eaten, etc. All attempts should be made to show the interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem and to show that they are, therefore, all important.
Food web and Livings Things the Forest Eat graph
Which compounds are used in mineral-based sunscreens?
The correct answer is A. The compounds used in mineral-based sunscreens are zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂).
The compounds used in mineral-based sunscreens are Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Titanium dioxide (TiO₂). Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are effective at protecting from the sun. These compounds effectively protect the skin by reflecting, scattering, and absorbing UV radiation.
They work by sitting on top of the skin and reflecting, scattering, and absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation rather than allowing it to penetrate the skin.
Complete Question:
Which compounds are used in mineral-based sunscreens?
a. ZnO and TiO₂
b. ZnO and CdS
c. TiO₂ and SiO₂
d. CdS and SiO₂
What is material that will sink in Liquid water @ 4c
A. Aluminum
B. Corn oil
C. Ice
D gasoline
Which of the following statements about asteroids is true?
A.
Asteroids vary greatly in size and are mostly made up of frozen water and gas.
B.
Asteroids vary greatly in size and are mostly made up of stone, iron and nickel.
C.
Asteroids are all very large and are mostly made up of stone, iron and nickel.
D.
Asteroids are all very large and are mostly made up of frozen water and gas.
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Why do non metallic elements pull electrons from metallic elements so effectively during a reaction?
Parts of Dalton’s atomic theory were disproved. Do you think that this should be taken as a criticism of Dalton as a scientist? Use a description of what you think a good scientist is to support your answer
N iron chloride compound contains 55.85 grams of iron and 106.5 grams of chlorine. what is the most likely empirical formula for this compound? fecl3 fe2cl fecl fe3cl fecl2
suppose you want to do an experiment to hear how three different objects would sound when you dropping them the same distance. you drop a pebble a rock,and a grain of sand.what are the variables of your experiment
What would happen to the pressure if the volume were reduced to 0.5 l and the temperature increased to 260 ∘c?
If volume is halved and temperature increased as per your question, the pressure would likely rise. Boyle's law suggests a pressure increase due to the volume reduction, and Charles's law predicts further pressure escalation with the temperature augmentation. However, the specifics of the final pressure would require more information on the gas's details.
Explanation:Your question asks what would happen to the pressure if the volume were reduced to 0.5 liters and the temperature were increased to 260 degrees Celsius. To answer, we can reference the ideal gas law and Charles's law, both concepts from physics.
Charles's law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. However, your question involves changes in both volume and temperature, which requires application of the ideal gas law (PV = NkT). This equation suggests an inverse relationship between volume and pressure when the number of molecules (N) and temperature (T) are constant.
Per the question, the volume is halved and the temperature is increased, which complicates the pressure outcome. Boyle's law anticipates that halving the volume under constant temperature would double the pressure. If we consider the temperature increase, Charles's law would suggest that the enlarged thermal energy of the gas would further increase the pressure.
Finally, pressure is also contingent on the number of gas molecules. If the original density was halved without a loss of molecules, your volume would need to double, not halve. This inconsistency suggests the presence of additional influencing factors, perhaps a change in the gas's composition or quantity, or a misunderstanding in the question.
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Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? A. sodium bromide B. magnesium sulfate C. carbon tetrachloride D. calcium hydroxide
Answer: Option (C) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
An electrolyte is defined as the substance which when dissolved in water dissociates into ions and it is able to conduct electricity.
Ionic compounds are the compounds which are soluble in water as ;like dissolves like.
Hence, water being a polar solvent is able to dissolve ionic compounds.
Sodium bromide and calcium hydroxide are ionic compounds. So, they act as an electrolyte as they dissociate into ions in water.
Whereas magnesium sulfate is also soluble in water as solubility of sulfates of group 2A decreases down the group.
On the other hand, [tex]CCl_{4}[/tex] is a non-polar compound. Hence, it will not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.
Thus, we can conclude that carbon tetrachloride compound is a non-electrolyte.
Nonelectrolytes are compounds that, when dissolved in an aqueous solution, do not take on any particular ionic form. Solutions without electrolytes do not conduct electricity. Here carbon tetrachloride is a non-electrolyte. The correct option is C.
Chemical substances known as nonelectrolytes are those that do not ionize at all when placed in solution. Therefore, solutions devoid of electrolytes do not conduct electricity. Covalent bonds, as opposed to ionic ones, are typically used to hold together nonelectrolytes.
Sodium bromide and calcium hydroxide are ionic compounds. So, they act as an electrolyte as they dissociate into ions in water whereas magnesium sulfate is also soluble in water CCl₄ is a non-polar compound. Hence, it will not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.
Thus the correct option is C.
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A radioactive substance decays exponentially. a scientist begins with 190 milligrams of a radioactive substance. after 17 hours, 95 mg of the substance remains. how many milligrams will remain after 21 hours
To calculate how many milligrams will remain after 21 hours, we can use the formula for exponential decay. We are given that after 17 hours, 95 mg of the substance remains. Solving for the remaining amount after 21 hours gives us approximately 88.66 mg.
Explanation:To calculate how many milligrams will remain after 21 hours, we can use the formula for exponential decay:
R = Ro * e^(-kt)
Where:
R is the remaining amount after time tRo is the initial amountk is the decay constantt is the time periodWe are given that after 17 hours, 95 mg of the substance remains. Plugging these values into the formula, we can solve for k:
95 = 190 * e^(-17k)
Simplifying, we get:
e^(-17k) = 1/2
Taking the natural logarithm (ln) of both sides:
-17k = ln(1/2)
Solving for k, we find k = ln(1/2) / -17.
Now, we can use this value of k to find the remaining amount after 21 hours:
R = 190 * e^(-kt)
R = 190 * e^(-(ln(1/2) / -17) * 21)
Calculating this expression will give us the remaining amount after 21 hours, which is approximately 88.66 mg.
Which of the following is not true of a pseudoscience? (1 point) It does not follow the scientific method. It is not proven reliable through experimentation. It is a practice or belief that claims to be science. It is a science that is controversial or unproven.
Answer: It is a science that is controversial or unproven.
Explanation:
Pseudoscience can be based upon the belief, statements or practices that are claimed to be factual as well as scientific but actually not. As it is not proved by the scientific experimental procedures. Hence, it cannot be considered as scientific but can become controversial and unproven as it lack evidences.
Mendeleev noticed that certain similarities in the chemical properties of elements appeared at regular intervals when teh elements were arranged in order of increasing
Mendeleev identified the periodic nature of elements' chemical properties when arranged by increasing atomic mass, leading to the creation of the periodic table.
Mendeleev noticed that certain similarities in the chemical properties of elements appeared at regular intervals when the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass. This pattern is referred to as periodic, analogous to other phenomena that occur at regular intervals, such as the swing of a pendulum or the orbit of the moon around Earth. In the construction of his periodic table, Mendeleev even listed some elements out of atomic mass order so that they would be grouped with those that had similar chemical properties, such as tellurium (Te) being placed before iodine (I) based on properties rather than atomic mass.
Dimitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer independently recognized the periodic relationship among the elemental properties. While Meyer arranged elements by increasing atomic mass, Mendeleev's approach distinguished him by predicting undiscovered elements like gallium and germanium, which were later found and confirmed the utility of Mendeleev's table. This foresight helped solidify the significance of Mendeleev's work on the development of the periodic table.
Describe the relative orientations of the orbitals related to an atom's 2p sublevel.
The 2p sublevel of an atom consists of three p orbitals, often denoted as [tex]\(2p_x\), \(2p_y\), and \(2p_z\)[/tex]. These p orbitals have specific relative orientations in space, which can be visualized as follows:
How to solve for the orbital1. [tex]\(2p_x\)[/tex]: This orbital has a dubbell-like shape oriented along the x-axis. The lobes of the du mbbell extend in opposite directions along the x-axis, and the orbital has zero electron density in the y and z directions. In other words, it is aligned parallel to the x-axis.
2. [tex]\(2p_y\)[/tex]: This orbital is similar in shape to [tex]\(2p_x\)[/tex] but is oriented along the y-axis. It has lobes extending along the y-axis in opposite directions and zero electron density in the x and z directions, making it parallel to the y-axis.
3. [tex]\(2p_z\)[/tex]: This orbital is oriented along the z-axis. It has lobes extending along the z-axis in opposite directions and zero electron density in the x and y directions, making it parallel to the z-axis.
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How many grams of sodium iodide, nai, must be used to produce 97.1 g of iodine, i2?
How could you turn a heterogeneous mixture of salt,sugar, and baking soda into a homogeneous mixture?
By dissolving all the mixture in water and mixing it thoroughly.
How do you shape a homogeneous mixture of sugar and salt?A homogeneous aggregate is a form of combination in which the composition is uniform and each part of the solution has the same properties. Salt, sugar, and many different materials dissolve in water to shape homogeneous combinations.
How do you make a heterogeneous mixture?A phase is any part of a pattern that has a uniform composition and properties. By definition, a pure substance or a homogeneous combination includes a single phase. A heterogeneous mixture consists of more phases. whilst oil and water are mixed, they do not blend lightly, however as an alternative form two separate layers.
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Toy balloons are filled with hydrogen gas, at standard temperature, from a 10.0-liter cylinder. the initial pressure of the gas in the cylinder is exactly 100 atm. assuming each balloon is filled to a volume of 1.0 liter at standard pressure, how many balloons could be filled?
How do an isotope and a radioactive isotope differ?
An automobile gasoline tank holds 21 kg of gasoline. when the gasoline burns, 84 kg of oxygen is consumed, and carbon dioxide and water are produced. what is the total combined mass of carbon dioxide and water that is produced?
This is as straightforward as it gets. If however you need to determine how much of each product is produced, then the balanced equation is a must.
Usually, gasoline is expressed as octane in combustion reactions, which means that the balanced equation for its combustion is
2C8H18+25O2→16CO2+18H2O
But, like I've said, for the combined mass of the products all you really need to know is the combined mass of the reactants.
Addendum
Let's say you want to know exactly how much of each compound is formed. In this case, you must check for a limiting reagent. The number of moles of octane is
21⋅103 g⋅1 mole octane114.0 g=184.2 moles
The number of moles of oxygen is
85⋅103 g⋅1 mole O232.0 g=2656 moles
According to the mole ratio between these two, each 2 moles of octane need 25 moles of oxygen, so
noxygen that reacts=noctane⋅252=2303 moles , which means that octane is the limiting reagent. The actual mass of oxygen that reacts is
2303 moles⋅32.0 g1 mole=73.7 kg
This means that the combined mass of the produced water and carbond dioxide is actually
21 kg+73.7 kg=94.7 kg
85 kg−73.7 kg=11.3 kg of oxygen will not react. If you want to count this oxygen as well, the total combined mass of the products will again be 106 kg .
In complete and ideal combustion of gasoline using the principle of conservation of mass, the total combined mass of carbon dioxide and water produced when a gasoline tank holding 21 kg of gasoline burns consuming 84 kg of oxygen is 105 kg.
Explanation:The subject of your question is based on the principle of conservation of mass, a fundamental concept in chemistry. The principle of conservation of mass states that the total mass of the reactants (the starting materials in a chemical reaction) is equal to the total mass of the products (the substances formed by the reaction). Hence, in the combustion (burning) of gasoline, the total combined mass of carbon dioxide and water that is produced would be equal to the sum of the masses of the gasoline and the oxygen consumed.
In your case, the total mass of gasoline and oxygen consumed is 21 kg (for gasoline) + 84 kg (for oxygen) = 105 kg. This means that given ideal condition and complete reaction, the total combined mass of carbon dioxide and water produced should be 105 kg.
Remember that this calculation assumes complete conversion of gasoline and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, without production of other byproducts such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Actual combustion processes may not be 100% efficient and may generate other byproducts.
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At standard pressure, during which physical change does the potential energy decrease?
Answer is: cooling.
Cooling is change from liquids to solids.
Another example is crystalisation, many elements and compounds form crystals.
A physical change occurs when a substance changes phase.
Physical property can be observed and measured without any changes in molecular composition. The same substance is present before and after the change.
The potential energy of a gas decreases during a phase change, such as cooling and condensing to a liquid.
Explanation:The potential energy of a gas decreases during a phase change when a large amount of energy is extracted from the system and causes a decrease in the gas's volume, pressure, or both. For example, when a gas is cooled and condenses to a liquid, its potential energy decreases. This is illustrated by a graph of pressure vs. temperature, where the pressure of a gas continually decreases as it is cooled at a constant volume.
When calcium (ca) bonds with oxygen, it gives up two electrons. what is the charge of the ca ion in this compound?
Explanation:
Atomic number of calcium is 20 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 8, 2. Hence, to attain stability it will readily lose its valence electrons.
Hence, neutral Ca atom will change into [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] ion.
Whereas atomic number of oxygen is 8 and its electronic distribution is 2, 6. Hence, to attain stability it will needs to gain two electrons.
Hence, neutral O atom will change into [tex]O^{2-}[/tex] ion.
Therefore, when both calcium and oxygen atoms will chemically combine with each other then according to cross multiplication same charges will be cancelled out resulting in the formation of calcium oxide (CaO) compound.
Thus, we can conclude that charge on calcium in this compound is +2.
why didn't mendeleev include helium , neon and argon in his periodic table?
Answer choices are:
A. These elements did not fit in with his pattern.
B. These elements are gases and he didn't include gases.
C. The atoms of these elements had no atomic mass.
D. These elements had not yet been discovered.
___________________________________________________________
Correct answer choice is:
D. These elements had not yet been discovered.
____________________________________________________________
Explanation:
Mendeleev would have no precise logic to presume there were lacking elements when they can be distributed by various units. But he did note bearings and was capable to divine some holes based on these bearings. The whole column of noble gases, though, could be dropped as it was a periodic recess, not a recess in the period.
Mendeleev added the noble gases later, near the edge of his life, during enough proof was received.