An electroscope is charged by touching its top with positive glass rod. The electroscope leaves spread apart and the glass rod is removed. Then a negatively charged plastic rod is brought close to the top of the electroscope, but it does not touch. What happens to the leaves?

Answer:

[tex]F = 4.05\times 10^{9}\ N[/tex]

Explanation:

Given:

Exerts pressure

[tex]p = 2.41\times 10^{7}\ Pa[/tex]

Piston has an area

[tex]A = 168\ cm^{2][/tex]

We need to find the force exerted by piston.

Solution:

Formula of pascals law's is given as:

[tex]p=\frac{F}{A}[/tex]

Where:

F = Force applied

P = Pressure exerted

A = Cross sectional area

Substitute force and area in pascal's formula.

[tex]2.4\times 10^{7}=\frac{F}{168}[/tex]

Using cross multiplication.

[tex]F = (2.41\times 10^{7})\times 168[/tex]

[tex]F = 404.88\times 10^{7}[/tex]

[tex]F = 4.05\times 10^{9}\ N[/tex]

Therefore, the force exerted by piston [tex]F = 4.05\times 10^{9}\ N[/tex]

The piston exerts a force of 404,880 Newtons when the motor exerts a pressure of 2.41 x 10⁷ Pa on a fluid chamber with a piston area of 168 cm².

To determine the force exerted by the piston, we use the formula:

Force (F) = Pressure (P) × Area (A)

Given:

First, convert the area from cm² to m²:

1 m² = 10,000 cm²

A = 168 cm² / 10,000 = 0.0168 m²

Now, calculate the force:

F = 2.41 × 10⁷ Pa × 0.0168 m²

F = 404,880 N

Thus, the piston exerts a force of 404,880 Newtons.

To stop just as the light turns green, the motorist needs to decelerate in a controlled manner. The effective time to cover the distance after seeing the red light is 14 seconds, disregarding the 1 second it takes to react and press the brakes. Therefore, as she reaches the traffic signal when it turns green, her speed is 0 m/s.

This situation can be approached using the concept of kinematics in Physics. To solve it, we need to consider total time and total distance traveled. The motorist is driving towards the traffic light, which is 200m away, and the light stays green for 15 seconds. However, since it takes her 1 second to step on the brakes, effectively, she has 14 seconds to travel to the light.

Since she starts braking the car, she begins to decelerate. While decelerating, time is the only determinant of the distance covered, not the speed. As she reaches the light, the speed would be zero regardless of the initial speed or distance if the deceleration is constant. So, when the light turns green, her speed will be 0 m/s.

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Answer:

vf = 22.36[m/s]

Explanation:

First we must understand the data given in the problem:

m = mass = 800 [kg]

F = force = 20000[N]

dx = displacement = 10[m]

From newton's second we know that the sum of forces must be equal to the product of mass by acceleration.

[tex]F = m*a\\20000 = 800*a\\a = 20000/800\\a = 25 [m/s^2][/tex]

With the calculated acceleration, we can use the kinematics equations.

[tex]v_{f} ^{2} =v_{o} ^{2}+2*a*dx\\ v_{o} = initial velocity = 0\\a = acceleration = 25[m/s^2]\\dx= displacement = 10[m]\\[/tex]

The key to using this equation is to clarify that the initial velocity is zero since the body is at rest, otherwise the initial velocity would be an initial data.

[tex]v_{f} =\sqrt{2*25*10} \\v_{f} =22.36[m/s][/tex]

Another way of solving this problem is by means of the definition of work and kinetic energy, where work is defined as the product of the force by the distance.

W =F*d

W = 20000*10

W = 200000[J]

Kinetic energy is equal to work, therefore the value calculated above is equal to:

[tex]E_{k}=W =0.5*m*v_{f}^{2} \\200000=0.5*800*v_{f}^{2}\\v_{f}=\sqrt{\frac{200000}{0.5*800} } \\v_{f}=22.36[m/s][/tex]

Answer:

(A) 22.4 m/s

Explanation: hope this helps !

Answer:

2.57 cm or 2.57×10⁻² m

Explanation:

From coulomb's law,

F = kqq'/r²................. Equation 1

Where F = force between the charges, q and q' = The first and second charge respectively, k = constant of proportionality, r = distance between the charges.

Making r the subject of equation 1

r = √(kqq'/F)................ Equation 2

Given: F = 0.67 N, q = 1.2 μC  = 1.2×10⁻⁶ C, q' = 4.1×10⁻⁶ C

Constant: k = 9×10⁹ Nm²/C².

Substitute into equation 2

r = √( 1.2×10⁻⁶×4.1×10⁻⁶×9×10⁹/0.67)

r = √(66.09×10⁻³)

r = √(6.609×10⁻⁴)

r = 2.57×10⁻² m

r = 2.57 cm or 2.57×10⁻² m

Hence the distance between the charge = 2.57 cm or 2.57×10⁻² m

Answer:

The number of grains of sand on all the beaches on Earth

Explanation:

if we assume grain of sand has an average size , then the number of grains of sand on all the beaches on Earth is roughly [tex]7.5 \times 10^{18}[/tex]

The total number of stars in the observable universe is roughly equivalent to 1 billion trillion. which is roughly  equal to the number of grains of sand on all the beaches on Earth.

Answer : The value of [tex]K_a[/tex] of the weak acid is, [tex]3.36\times 10^{-3}[/tex]

Explanation : Given,

Initial concentration = 0.090 M

pH = 1.80

First we have to calculate the hydrogen ion concentration.

[tex]pH=-\log [H^+][/tex]

[tex]1.80=-\log [H^+][/tex]

[tex][H^+]=0.0158M[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the [tex]K_a[/tex] of the weak acid.

The dissociation reaction of weak acid is:

                         [tex]HA\rightleftharpoons H^++A^-[/tex]

Initial conc.   0.090     0       0

At eqm.       (0.090-x)  x       x

x = 0.0158 M

The expression for dissociation constant is:

[tex]K_a=\frac{(x)\times (x)}{(0.090-x)}[/tex]

Now put all the given values in this expression, we get:

[tex]K_a=\frac{(0.0158)\times (0.0158)}{(0.090-0.0158)}[/tex]

[tex]K_a=3.36\times 10^{-3}[/tex]

Thus, the value of [tex]K_a[/tex] of the weak acid is, [tex]3.36\times 10^{-3}[/tex]

The value of Ka of the weak acid with a concentration of 0.090 M and has a pH of 1.80 is 3.36 × 10-³.

To calculate the Ka of an acid, we have to calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of the acid using the following expression:

pH = -log {H+}

1.80 = -log {H+}

{H+} = 0.0158M

The dissociation equation is given as follows:

HA ⇌ H+ + A-

Ka = 0.0158²/(0.090 - 0.0158)

Ka = 2.49 × 10-⁴/7.42 × 10-²

Ka = 0.336 × 10-²

Ka = 3.36 × 10-³

Therefore, the value of Ka of the weak acid with a concentration of 0.090 M and has a pH of 1.80 is 3.36 × 10-³.

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Answer:

A.) the inverse of the square of the distance separating them

Explanation:

Coulombs law states that "the force of attraction between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them."

Mathematically, F = kq1q2/r²

Where q1 and q2 are the charges

r is the distance between the charges.

According to the law, the force between two charged objects is related to the inverse of the square of the distance separating them.

Coulomb’s Law states that the force between two charged objects is directly related to the inverse of the square of the distance between them.

According to Coulomb’s Law, the force between two charged objects is related to (a) the inverse of the square of the distance separating them. This law states that the force (F) between two charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges (q1 and q2) and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between them. It's written as F = k * q1 * q2 / r^2, where k is Coulomb's constant. Thus, if the distance between the objects is doubled, the force between them is reduced to one fourth of its original value.

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Answer:

Option B is correct.

Power = 360 W

Explanation:

Power = Work done/time

Work done = Force × distance moved through by the force

Power = Force × (distance moved through by the force/time)

(Distance moved through by the force/time) = velocity = 3 m/s

Power = Force × velocity

Force = ma

But the acceleration in this case is this acceleration + acceleration due to gravity because the force has to be overcoming the force of gravity to now move the object upward at 2 m/s²

a = (2 + g) (assume acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s²

a = 2 + 10 = 12 m/s²

F = ma = 10 × 12 = 120 N

Power = F × v = 120 × 3 = 360 W

Answer:

A. As the ropes are horizontal the child has travelled 2m of vertical displacement from his lowest position.

Gpe @ A=mgh=40*9.81*2=784.8J

B. At 30degree vertical angle the vertical displacement from lowest position is given by

2-2cos(30)=2-1.73=0.27m

Gpe @B= 40*9.81*0.27=106 J

C: at the bottom of circular arc it's Gpe is zero relative to lowest position as bottom of arc itself is lowest position.

(a) The gravitational potential energy when the ropes are horizontal is 784.8 J.

(b)   The gravitational potential energy when the ropes make a 30 degree angle with vertical is 106 J.

(c)  At the bottom of circular arc the gravitational potential energy is zero.

Given data:

The mass of child is, m = 40.0 kg.

The length of ropes is, L = 2 m.

The energy possessed by any object under the influence of gravity and by the virtue of position of object is known as gravitational potential energy.

(a)

As the ropes are horizontal the child has travelled 2m of vertical displacement from his lowest position. Then the gravitational potential energy is,

[tex]PE = mgL\\\\PE = 40 \times 9.8 \times 2\\\\PE=784.8 \;\rm J[/tex]

Thus, the gravitational potential energy when the ropes are horizontal is 784.8 J.

(b)

At 30 degree vertical angle the vertical displacement from lowest position, the gravitational potential energy is given by,

[tex]PE = mgL(1-cos30^{\circ})\\\\PE = 40 \times 9.8 \times 2 \times (1-cos30^{\circ})\\\\PE = 106 \;\rm J[/tex]

Thus, the gravitational potential energy when the ropes make a 30 degree angle with vertical is 106 J.

(c)

At the bottom of circular arc it's gravitational potential energy is zero relative to lowest position as bottom of arc itself is lowest position.

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Answer: 20231.75km

Explanation: Assuming the earth is a sphere with a radius r, the formulae for calculating the distance between 2 points on the earth surface is given as

[tex]l=\frac{\pi r}{180} *\alpha[/tex]

l = distance between two points on the earth surface (km)

π = 22/7

r = radius of the earth = 4000miles =6437.376 km ( we will be using kilometer because that is the SI unit for distance)

α = angle between the two cities on the earth surface. For our question, α=180 because one of the city is north and the second city is in the opposite direction (due north of the first)

By slotting in the parameters into the foemulae, we have that

[tex]l = \frac{\frac{22}{7} * 6437.376 }{180} * 180 \\\\l={\frac{22}{7} * 6437.376\\\\\\l=20231.751km[/tex]

Answer:

16 times

Explanation:

Generally, the light-gathering power of the mirror of a telescope is dependent on the area of the mirror. The area of the mirror is (π*d^2)/4. The variable 'd' is the diameter of the mirror. Therefore, if the diameter of A is four times the diameter of B, the light-gathering power of A will be (π*4^2)/4 while that of B will be (π*1^2)/4. This shows that A has 16 times that of B.

A mirror with four times the diameter of another mirror collects 16 times more light than the smaller mirror in the same amount of time.

The light-gathering power of a telescope is directly proportional to the area of its primary mirror. The area A of a circular mirror is given by the formula [tex]\( A = \pi \left(\frac{D}{2}\right)^2 \)[/tex], where D is the diameter of the mirror.

If one mirror has four times the diameter of another, we can denote the diameters as D for the smaller mirror and [tex]\( 4D \)[/tex] for the larger mirror.

The area of the smaller mirror is:

[tex]\[ A_{\text{small}} = \pi \left(\frac{D}{2}\right)^2 = \pi \frac{D^2}{4} \][/tex]

The area of the larger mirror is:

[tex]\[ A_{\text{large}} = \pi \left(\frac{4D}{2}\right)^2 = \pi \left(2D\right)^2 = \pi 4D^2 \][/tex]

To find out how many times more light the larger mirror collects compared to the smaller mirror, we divide the area of the larger mirror by the area of the smaller mirror:

[tex]\[ \frac{A_{\text{large}}}{A_{\text{small}}} = \frac{\pi 4D^2}{\pi \frac{D^2}{4}} = \frac{4D^2}{\frac{D^2}{4}} = 4 \times 4 = 16 \][/tex]

Answer:

Explanation:

a) We have equation of motion s = ut + 0.5 at²

        Initial velocity, u = ?

        Acceleration, a = -9.81 m/s²  

        Time, t = 0.193 s

        Displacement, s = 0.587 m      

     Substituting

                      s = ut + 0.5 at²

                      0.587 = u x 0.193 + 0.5 x -9.81x 0.193²

                      u = 3.99 m/s

    Initial speed as it leaves the ground is 3.99 m/s

b) We have equation of motion v = u + at

     Initial velocity, u = 3.99 m/s

     Final velocity, v = ?

     Time, t = 0.193 s

     Acceleration, a = -9.81 m/s²

   Substituting

                      v = u + at  

                      v = 3.99 + -9.81 x 0.193

                      v = 2.10 m/s

    Speed at the height of 0.587 m is 2.10 m/s

c) We have equation of motion v² = u² + 2as

Initial velocity, u = 3.99 m/s  

Acceleration, a = -9.81 m/s²  

Final velocity, v = 0 m/s  

Substituting  

v² = u² + 2as

0² = 3.99² + 2 x -9.81 x s

s = 0.81 m

Height reached is 0.81 m

Answer:

This process involves the motion of dislocations and is termed slip (or glide in some textbooks)

Explanation:

Plastic deformation of metals (and other crystalline materials) usually occurs by slip, which is the sliding of planes of atoms over one another by dislocation movements.

On a microscopic scale, stress causes planes of crystalline objects to leave their original position and slide over other planes into new positions, these microscopic movements manifest as a slip on a macroscopic scale. And the planes do not return back to their original position after the removal of the dislocation-causing stress.

Answer:

h = 22.35 m

Explanation:

given,

initial speed of the rock,u = 0 m/s

length of the window,l = 2.7 m

time taken to cross the window,t = 0.129 s

Speed of the rock when it crosses the window

[tex]v = \dfrac{l}{t}[/tex]

[tex]v = \dfrac{2.7}{0.129}[/tex]

  v = 20.93 m/s

height of the building above the window

using equation of motion

v² = u² + 2 g h

20.93² = 0² + 2 x 9.8 x h

h = 22.35 m

Hence, the height of the building above the top of window is equal to h = 22.35 m

Answer:

Explanation:

attached below is the working to the question asked. I equated the two formulas because of the statement "If the same gravitational force is to be maintained between them" mentioned in the question. The new distance between them is 2.68m

Answer:Ultraviolet radiation has shorter wavelengths and higher energy than infrared radiation.

Explanation: Electromagnetic radiation radiations which have both electrical and magnetic properties,they can be transmitted through space or through a medium.

It includes Gamma radiation, infra-red, visible light, Ultraviolet radiation etc they occur with different wavelength, the lower the wavelength the higher the Energy dissipated per photon. According to their order of decreasing wavelength and increased energy they are classified as follows.

RADIO WAVE, MICRO WAVE, INFRA-RED, VISIBLE LIGHT, ULTRAVIOLET RAY, X-RAY, GAMMA RAYS.

Ultraviolet radiation has shorter wavelengths and higher energy per photon compared to infrared radiation.

Ultraviolet radiation has shorter wavelengths compared to infrared radiation. While infrared radiation has wavelengths between 700 nm and 1 mm, ultraviolet radiation has wavelengths between 100 nm and 400 nm.

Ultraviolet radiation also has higher energy per photon compared to infrared radiation. This is because energy is inversely proportional to wavelength, so shorter wavelengths have higher energy.

For example, ultraviolet radiation is responsible for causing sunburns and skin damage, which is evidence of its higher energy compared to infrared radiation.

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Answer:

A) zero.

Explanation:

If we go through the throwing motion but still hold onto the ball, then there will be 2 events:

1. you undergo the throwing motion, giving the ball's acceleration  

2. you decelerate the ball so you can still hold onto it  

Event 1 and 2 roughly need the same energy, but with the opposite vector. The sum of energy used for both events should be zero so the net recoil will also be zero too.

Answer:

P = 192.6 Watt

Explanation:

given,

Force of Pull, F = 63 N

Weight of the sled, W = 308 N

Angle made with ground, θ = 33°

Movement of sled,s= 11.3 m

time, t = 3.1 s

Power of Wayne = ?

Work done = F .s cos θ

W = 63 x 11.3 x cos 33°

W = 597 J

We know.

[tex]Power = \dfrac{Work\ done}{time}[/tex]

[tex]P= \dfrac{597}{3.1}[/tex]

  P = 192.6 Watt

The Wayne's Power is equal to P = 192.6 Watt

Answer:

The correct answer is

right; fall

Explanation:

When there are changes in the costs of the factors of production, it can result in the supply curve shifting to the right or to the left. That means the quantity supplied at the given price has either increased or decreased, hence the supply curve shows the relationship between quantity supplied at a given price

Factors that can cause a shift in supply curve include, prices of imput materials, increased competition, technological advancement, social or natural factors and general expectations.

When the supply curve shifts right, that means increased in supply or more units are available at a given price, hence prices fall. However if the supply curve shifts left that means less goods are available at a given market price, hence prices of the commodities will rise

Answer:

Isaac Newton supported his particle explanation of light by stating that light causes electrons to be emitted from a metal surface.

Explanation: The emission of electrons from metal surfaces when light of sufficient frequency falls on them is known as photoelecteic effect. He discovered photoelectric effect in the 19th century.

His other theories of light like light travels in a straight line could not explain diffraction and reflection. It needed the support of light as a wave to proof it.

Answer:

light travels in a straight line, and it casts a shadow.

Explanation:

Answer:

The solution are in the explanation  

Explanation:

Volume varies with the cube of the linear dimension

Ratio of volumes is 3:1, therefore the ratio of the linear dimensions is 3^(1/3):1 = 1.442:1

Smaller statue is 350/1.442 cm = 242.7 cm

C = pi*D, D is a linear dimension, so Ds = 50/1.442 = 34.67 cm

Area varies with the square of the linear dimension; so the ratio of the areas will be (1/3)^(2/3) = 0.48; the surface area of the smaller statue will be 0.48 that of the original

The mass of the model would vary directly with the volume, so the mass of the model will be 1/3 that of the original

If the masses of the models are the same, then the model must be made of a material 3x the density of that used for the original.

In mathematics, scaling down a shape involves reducing its size while keeping its shape unchanged. To scale down a statue, you need to determine the scale factor by dividing the final volume by the initial volume. Then, apply the scale factor to each dimension of the statue.

In mathematics, scaling down a shape means reducing its size while keeping its shape unchanged. The process involves multiplying the dimensions of the shape by a scale factor less than 1.

In this case, the initial volume of the statue is 3.25 m3 and it needs to be scaled down to a final volume of 1.00 m3. To determine the scale factor, divide the final volume by the initial volume: 1.00/3.25 = 0.307.

Next, apply the scale factor to each dimension of the statue. If the dimensions of the statue were 2m x 2m x 2m, the scaled-down dimensions would be 2m x 2m x 2m x 0.307 = 0.614m x 0.614m x 0.614m.

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Answer:

45

Explanation:

If the ratio is 1 : 8 and there was 5 girls you would need to find the ratio of 5 girls to x amount of boys then add both genders together to find the total amount. You would need to multiply 8x5 to find the amount of boys.

8x5=40

Then add the five girls

40+5=45

Answer:

(A) FM Radio had a somewhat shorter ranger than AM radio, but better sound quality.

Explanation:

FM Radio was invented in 1933 by Edwin Armstrong who was an American engineer. FM stands for frequency modulation and AM stands for Amplitude Modulation.

FM is used for most broadcasts of music and FM radio stations use a very high-frequency range of radio frequencies.

In FM Radio, the sound is transmitted through changes in frequency. Both FM and AM radio signals experience frequent change in amplitude, they are far less noticeable on FM.

When switching between stations, FM antenna is alternating between different frequencies, and not amplitudes and this produces a much clearer sound and allows for smoother transitions with little to no audible static.

FM signals can be interfered by barriers and this could affect the signal strength. FM Radio signals are more clearer in a mountainous area that has no barrier.

AM radio was able to carry signals farther than AM radio.

Answer:

The period is (0.0017×wavelength) seconds

Explanation:

Speed = frequency × wavelength

Frequency = 1/period

Therefore, speed = 1/period × wavelength

Speed = wavelength/period

Period = wavelength/speed = wavelength/600 = (0.0017×wavelength) seconds

Answer:bob

Explanation:bc bob

Final answer:

The force exerted by the track on the cart at the top of the loop is 220 N, calculated by the difference between the centripetal force required for circular motion and the gravitational force acting on the cart.

Explanation:

The student is asking for the force exerted by the track on a 100 kg cart at the top of a vertical loop, where the cart has a speed of 6 m/s and the loop's radius is 3 m. At the top of the loop, the cart's weight and the normal force from the track provide the centripetal force necessary to keep the cart moving in a circle. To calculate the total force exerted by the track on the cart, we need to account for both the cart's weight (gravitational force) and the centripetal force required to keep it in circular motion.

The gravitational force (Fg) can be calculated using the equation Fg = m × g, where m is the mass of the cart and g is the acceleration due to gravity. The centripetal force (Fc) required for circular motion at the top of the loop can be calculated with the formula Fc = m × v² / r, where v is the speed of the cart and r is the radius of the loop.

The force exerted by the track (Ft) is then the difference between the centripetal force and the gravitational force because, at the top of the loop, the track has to push down on the cart to provide the inward centripetal force while also supporting the cart's weight.

Let's calculate each force:
Gravitational Force (Fg): Fg = 100 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 980 N
Centripetal Force (Fc): Fc = (100 kg) × (6 m/s)² / (3 m) = 1200 N

Now, we calculate the total force exerted by the track at the top of the loop:

Total Force by Track (Ft):
Ft = Fc - Fg
Ft = 1200 N - 980 N = 220 N

Therefore, the force exerted by the track on the cart at the top of the loop is 220 N.

Answer:

For Pentium 4 Prescott:

% of Static Power = 10

For core i5 Ivy Bridge:

% of Static Power = 43

Given Information:

Static Power of P4 = 10 W

Dynamic Power of P4 = 90 W

Static Power of i5 = 30 W

Dynamic Power of i5 = 40 W

Required Information:

% of static power w.r.t total power dissipation = ?

Explanation:

For Pentium 4 Prescott:

% of static power = static power/total power * 100

% of static power = 10/(10 + 90) * 100

% of static power = 10/(100) * 100

% of static power = 10

For core i5 Ivy Bridge:

% of static power = static power/total power * 100

% of static power = 30/(30 + 40) * 100

% of static power = 30/(70) * 100

% of static power = 43 (rounded to nearest whole integer)

Final answer:

The static power comprises 10% of the total dissipated power for the Pentium 4 Prescott processor.

Explanation:

To calculate the percentage of the total dissipated power that is comprised of static power for the Pentium 4 Prescott, we need to add the static power to the dynamic power to get the total power and then find what percentage the static power is of the total power.

Total power for Pentium 4 Prescott = Static power + Dynamic power
Total power for Pentium 4 Prescott = 10 W + 90 W
Total power for Pentium 4 Prescott = 100 W

Percentage of static power = (Static power / Total power)  imes 100
Percentage of static power = (10 W / 100 W)  imes 100
Percentage of static power = 10%

So, the static power comprises 10% of the total dissipated power for the Pentium 4 Prescott.

Answer:

The average force is 1578.94 N.

Explanation:

Given that,

Mass of baseball = 150 g

Speed = 45 m/s

Speed of pitcher = 60 m/s

Time = 9.5 ms

We need to calculate the average force

Using formula of impulse

[tex]J=\Delta p[/tex]

[tex]J=m\Delta v[/tex]...(I)

[tex]J=F\Delta t[/tex]....(II)

From equation (I) and (II)

[tex]F=\dfrac{m(v_{f}-v_{i})}{\Delta t}[/tex]

Where, m = mass of baseball

[tex]v_{f}[/tex] = final velocity

[tex]v_{i}[/tex] = Initial velocity

[tex]\Delta t[/tex] = time

Put the value into the formula

[tex]F=\dfrac{150\times10^{-3}\times(60-(-40))}{9.5\times10^{-3}}[/tex]

[tex]F=1578.94\ N[/tex]

Hence, The average force is 1578.94 N.

Answer:

F = 1657.89 N

Explanation:

given,

mass of the baseball, m = 150 g

initial speed, u = 45 m/s

final speed, v = 60 m/s

time of contact,t = 9.5 ms

we know,

impulse is equal to change in momentum

J = m (v - u)

J = 0.15 x (60-(-45))

J = 0.15 x 105

J = 15.75 Kg.m/s

We also know that impulse

J = F x Δ t

F x 9.5 x 10⁻³ = 15.75

F = 1657.89 N

The magnitude of the average force is equal to F = 1657.89 N

Answer:

Signal detection theory

Explanation:

Signal detection theory states that stimulus ca be detected according to its intensity and a person's psychological and/or physical state. This means that we can notice things according to how strong they are but also, a person's characteristics like experience and physiological state like fatigue can affect the ability to detect them.

Because of this, the answer is that according to signal detection theory, the ability to detect a stimulus depends not only on the intensity of the stimulus but also on other variables such as the level of noise in the system and your expectations.

Final answer:

Signal detection theory explains how the ability to detect a stimulus is influenced by both the stimulus intensity and psychological factors such as motivation and expectations, with practical examples like air traffic control demonstrating its significance.

Explanation:

According to signal detection theory, the ability to detect a stimulus depends not only on the intensity of the stimulus but also on variables such as the level of noise in the system and your expectations. Factors such as motivation can shift our ability to discriminate between a true sensory stimulus and background noise. For example, expecting an important phone call may lead you to think you hear the phone ringing while taking a shower, even though it is not. Similarly, a mother might wake up to the quiet murmur of her baby amidst other sounds because she is motivated to detect that specific stimulus.

Signal detection theory is not only a concept of psychological interest but also has practical applications, such as improving the accuracy of air traffic controllers. They need to detect planes among many signals on the radar screen, demonstrating the relevance of this theory in safety-critical professions. Furthermore, the theory incorporates the notion of both absolute threshold and difference threshold (or just noticeable difference), emphasizing the role of sensory capabilities alongside psychological factors in perception.

The charge contained within the width of the ring on the plastic disk is approximately [tex]\(1.89 \times 10^6\)[/tex] elementary charges (e).

To find the charge contained within the width of the ring, we'll first calculate the total charge of the disk and then subtract the charge within the inner circle defined by the radius of 0.5 cm.

1. Calculate the total charge of the disk:

  Total charge, Q_total = Q = +(2.05 ✕ 10^6)e

2. Calculate the area of the entire disk:

  Area_disk = π * R^2

            = π * (1.80 cm)^2

            = 10.17 cm^2

3. Calculate the area of the inner circle:

  Area_inner_circle = π * (0.50 cm)^2

                    = π * 0.25 cm^2

                    = 0.785 cm^2

4. Calculate the area of the ring:

  Area_ring = Area_disk - Area_inner_circle

            = 10.17 cm^2 - 0.785 cm^2

            = 9.385 cm^2

5. Calculate the charge density of the disk:

  Charge density, σ = Q_total / Area_disk

                    = (2.05 ✕ 10^6)e / 10.17 cm^2

                    ≈ 201,183.43 e/cm^2

6. Calculate the charge within the width of the ring:

  Charge_ring = σ * Area_ring

              ≈ 201,183.43 e/cm^2 * 9.385 cm^2

              ≈ 1.89 ✕ 10^6 e

So, the charge contained within the width of the ring is approximately 1.89 ✕ 10^6 e.