After chlorofluorocarbons we’re banned, which class of chemicals was used in their place

Hydrofluorocarbons

Methane

Carbon dioxide

Sulfur dioxide

The answer is:

The new pressure will be equal to 6 atm.

[tex]P_{2}=6atm[/tex]

Since we know that the temperature is constant, we can use the Boyle's Law to solve the problem.

The Boyle's Law establishes that when the temperature is kept constant, the pressure and the volume will be proportional.

So, we have the equation:

[tex]P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}[/tex]

We are given,

[tex]P_{1}=2atm\\V_{1}=150mL\\V_{2}=50mL[/tex]

Substituting and isolating [tex]P_{2}[/tex] from the Boyle's Law, we have:

[tex]P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}\\\\P_{2}=\frac{P_{1}V_{1}}{V_{2}}\\\\P_{2}=\frac{2atm*150mL}{50mL}=6atm[/tex]

Hence, the new pressure will be equal to 6 atm.

[tex]P_{2}=6atm[/tex]

Have a nice day!

Answer: In polar covalent bonds a pair of electrons are unequally shared between two atoms, while in nonpolar covalent bonds two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other.

I hope this helps :)

Explanation:

Answer:

7.5 M

Explanation:

In order to find a solution's molar concentration, or molarity, you need to determine how many moles of solute, which in your case is sodium sulfate,  

Na

2

SO

4

, you get in one liter of solution.

That is how molarity was defined -- the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.

So, you know that you have  

0.090

moles of solute in  

12 mL

of solution. Your goal here will be to scale up this solution by using this information as a conversion factor to help you determine the number of moles of solute present in

Answer:

1. 2.8 moles of H₂

2. 7.38 moles of CO₂

3. 5.3 moles of O₂

4. 7.4 moles of KNO₃

Explanation:

Here are the steps to doing this:

1. Write the chemical equation of each reaction.

2. Balance the equation.

3. Find out the ratio between reactant and product

4. Determine the actual yield of your reactants.

5. The amount of product produced is determined by how much product the limiting reactant produces.

Let's do this!

1. Given: 3.4 moles of Magnesium(Mg) and 5.6 moles of Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Equation:

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

Reactant to Product ratio

1 mole of Mg produces 1 mole of H₂      [tex]\dfrac{1moleof Mg}{1mole of H_{2}}[/tex]

2 moles of HCl produces 1 mole of H₂  [tex]\dfrac{2molesofHCl}{1mole of H_{2}}[/tex]

Determine actual yield of reactants

[tex]3.4moles of Mg\times\dfrac{1moleofH_2}{1moleofMg}=3.4molesofH_{2}\\\\5.6moles ofHCl\times\dfrac{1moleofH_2}{2moleofHCl}=2.8molesofH_{2}[/tex]

Since 5.6 moles of HCl can only produce 2.8 moles of H₂, before it is used up, then this means that that is all the product this reaction can produce.

2. Given: 3.4 moles of C₃H₈ and 12.3 moles of oxygen gas (O₂)

Equation:

C₃H₈  +  5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O

Reactant to Product ratio

1 mole of C₃H₈ produces 3 moles of CO₂      [tex]\dfrac{1moleofC_{3}H_{8}}{3molesofCO_{2}}[/tex]

5 moles of O₂ produces 3 moles of CO₂       [tex]\dfrac{5molesofO_{2}}{3moleofCO_{2}}[/tex]

Determine actual yield of reactants

[tex]3.4molesofC_{3}H_{8}\times\dfrac{3molesofCO_{2}}{1moleofC_{3}H_{8}}=10.2molesofH_{2}[/tex]

[tex]12.3molesofO_{2}\times\dfrac{3molesofCO_{2}}{5molesofO_{2}}=7.38molesofCO_{2}[/tex]

The answer is then 7.38 moles of CO₂

**3. 5.3 moles of H₂O

This one is a little bit different. It is asking how much of a reactant is needed to produce the amount of product given. For this, just write a balanced equation for the reaction and get the ratio of reactant to product and solve for the actual yield. Since it is only asking for oxygen gas, you just need to do that one.

Equation:

CH₄  + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

Reactant to Product ratio

[tex]\dfrac{2molesofO_{2}}{2molesofH_{2}O}=\[tex]7.88molesofKI\times\dfrac{1moleofKNO_{3}}{1moleofKI}=7.88molesofKNO_{3}[/tex]

Actual yield:

[tex]5.3molesofH_{2}O\times\dfrac{1moleofO_{2}}{1moleofH_{2}O}=5.3molesofO_{2}[/tex]

The answer is 5.3 moles of O₂.

4. 3.7 moles of Lead (II) Nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) and 7.8 moles of Potassium Iodide (KI)

Equation:

Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2KI → PbI₂ + 2KNO₃

Reactant to Product ratio

[tex]\dfrac{2molesofKI}{2molesofKNO_{3}}=\dfrac{1moleofKI}{1moleofKNO_{3}}[/tex]

[tex]\dfrac{1molesofPb(NO_{3})_{2}}{2molesofKNO_{3}}[/tex]

Actual yield:

[tex]3.7molesofPb(NO_{3})_{2}\times\dfrac{2molesofKNO_{3}}{1moleofPb(NO_{3})_{2}}=7.4molesofKNO_{3}[/tex]

The answer is 7.4 moles of KNO₃.

Answer:

2 AL + Fe3N2 = 2 ALN + 3 Fe

The balanced equation for the reaction is 2 Al + Fe₃N₂ = 2AlN + 3Fe.

Aluminum reacts with iron nitride to form aluminum nitrate and iron metal.

The aluminum reacts slowly with nitrogen to form oxides and corrode.

The balanced equation is when both side of the reaction have equal moles of the compound.

Thus, the balanced equation for the reaction is 2 Al + Fe₃N₂ = 2AlN + 3Fe.

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Answer:

a AND b

Explanation:

The flowchart shows the order of the common states of matter as solids, liquids, and gases. To find the properties that match this order, let's examine each option:

1. Space between particles: This property refers to the distance between particles in a substance. In solids, particles are tightly packed together, so there is less space between them. In liquids, particles are less tightly packed, so there is more space between them compared to solids. In gases, particles are very spread out, so there is the most space between them. Therefore, this property matches the order of the states of matter in the flowchart.

2. Kinetic energy of particles: Kinetic energy refers to the energy of motion. In solids, particles have the least amount of kinetic energy as they vibrate in fixed positions. In liquids, particles have more kinetic energy as they move more freely, but still stay close together. In gases, particles have the most kinetic energy as they move rapidly and spread out. Therefore, this property also matches the order of the states of matter in the flowchart.

3. Density of matter: Density refers to the mass of a substance per unit volume. While the density of matter does change between the different states, it does not match the order of the states of matter in the flowchart. Solids can have a higher density than liquids, and liquids can have a higher density than gases. So, this property does not match the order shown in the flowchart.

4. Speed of particle motion: The speed of particle motion does change between the different states, but it does not match the order of the states of matter in the flowchart. The particles in solids have the slowest motion, followed by particles in liquids, and then particles in gases which have the fastest motion. So, this property does not match the order shown in the flowchart.

In summary, the properties of matter that match the order of the states of matter in the flowchart are the "space between particles" and the "kinetic energy of particles." These properties help explain the differences between solids, liquids, and gases based on how closely packed the particles are and how much they are moving.

The order of the states of matter in the flowchart is related to the space between particles and the speed of particle motion.

The flowchart represents the order of the three common states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. As we move from solids to liquids to gases, the space between particles increases. In solids, the particles are closely packed together, whereas in liquids, the particles have some space between them, and in gases, the particles are widely spaced apart. Likewise, the speed of particle motion increases as we move from solids to liquids to gases. In solids, the particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place, in liquids, the particles move more freely and are able to slide past each other, and in gases, the particles move rapidly and randomly in all directions.

However, the density of matter does not follow the same order as the flowchart. The density of a substance depends on the mass and volume, and it can vary greatly between different substances in the same state of matter. For example, the density of lead (a solid) is much higher than the density of water (a liquid).

The kinetic energy of particles is also not directly related to the order of the states of matter in the flowchart. The kinetic energy of particles is a measure of their motion, and it can vary within the same state of matter depending on the temperature. For instance, the kinetic energy of the particles in boiling water (a liquid) is higher than that in cold water (also a liquid).

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I am not sure about my answer, but I think that it's density allows it to fall to the ground/floor.

The property of air that allows it to flow down to the floor is related to convection and density. Warmer air is less dense and rises, while cooler air is more dense, descends and flows down to fill the space left by the rising warm air.

The property of air that allows it to flow down to the floor is related to the principles of convection and density. Specifically, warmer air is less dense than cool air. So, when air is heated, it becomes less dense and rises. Meanwhile, the cooler, denser air descends or flows down to replace the rising warm air. This constant switch involving the upward and downward movement of air as it heats and cools forms a convection current, leading to air's continual movement as it responds to changes in temperature.

For instance, in our homes, we often experience these changes in air movement. When we use a heater, it warms the air which then decreases in density and rises towards the ceiling. As that occurs, the cooler and denser air on the floor level is drawn upwards due to the displacement of the warmer air, causing a circulation - or convection current. The converse happens when we use an air conditioner or fan - cool air becomes denser and tends to flow down towards the floor level, pushing the warm air upwards.

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I think the answer is #1.

For starters, if a species goes extinct, their predators would go down since their source of food is now gone.

Also, habitat loss accounts for the biggest reason animals are becoming extinct

Answer:

graph

Explanation:

A graph is a visual illustration of related numbers

A graph is the answer

As defined by Arrhenius:

An Arrhenius acid is a substance that dissociates in water to form hydrogen ions (H+). In other words, an acid increases the concentration of H+ ions in an aqueous solution. This protonation of water yields the hydronium ion (H3O+); in modern times, H+ is used as a shorthand for H3O+ because it is now known that a bare proton (H+) does not exist as a free species in aqueous solution.

An Arrhenius base is a substance that dissociates in water to form hydroxide (OH–) ions. In other words, a base increases the concentration of OH– ions in an aqueous solution.

Hope this helps!

Explanation:

According to Arrhenius concept:

An acid is defined as a substance which donates hydronium ions [tex](H_3O^+)[/tex] in water.

[tex]HA(aq)+H_2O(l)\rightarrow A^-(aq)+H_3O^+(aq)[/tex]

For example: hydrochloric acid , nitric acid etc.

[tex]HCl(aq)+H_2O(l)\rightarrow Cl^-(aq)+H_3O^+(aq)[/tex]

[tex]HNO_3(aq)+H_2O(l)\rightarrow NO_3^{-}(aq)+H_3O^+(aq)[/tex]

A base is defined as a substance which donates hydroxide ions [tex](OH^-)[/tex] when dissolved in water.

[tex]BOH(aq)\rightarrow B^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)[/tex]

For example: sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide etc.

[tex]NaOH(aq)\rightarrow Na^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)[/tex]

[tex]Ca(OH)_2(aq)\rightarrow Ca^{2+}(aq)+2OH^-(aq)[/tex]

I believe the answer is D

Answer: D

Explanation: Got it right on USA testprep

I pretty sure it’s (C) it’s volume will increase.

I hope this helped!

Answer : The correct option is, Its volume will increase.

Explanation :

According to the Charles' Law, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles.

[tex]V\propto T[/tex]

That means the volume of gas is directly depends on the temperature of the gas.

As, the temperature of the gas increase, the volume of gas will also increases and vice-versa.

As per question, when a boy blows up a balloon and knots the end then he leaves it on the kitchen counter. When his little sister finds it and takes it outside in the sunshine then the volume of the balloon increases due to increase in the temperature.

Hence, the correct option is, Its volume will increase.

Answer: Jupiter.

Explanation: Jupiter is the largest and most massive planet in the Solar System. Its mean radius, at 69,911 ± 6 km, makes it 10.97 the times the size of Earth, while its mass (1.8986×1027 kg) is the equivalent of 317.8 Earths.

Answer:

Jupiter

Explanation:

It is 2.5 times on what we experience on earth, it’s just depends on 3 things the density, mass and size

Answer:

Biochemists study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. Biochemists study DNA, proteins and cell parts. The word "biochemist" is a portmanteau of "biological chemist."

Explanation:

Final answer:

A biochemist would study the chemical processes within living organisms, focusing on the roles of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biological molecules in health and disease.

Explanation:

A biochemist would most likely study the chemical processes that occur in living things, which encompasses a range of disciplines from cellular biology to medicine. They particularly focus on understanding how biological molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids contribute to the structure of cells and support life's myriad functions.

Biochemists play a critical role in fields such as medicine, where they delve into disease causes and treatments, nutrition, assessing how to maintain health, and agriculture, working on improving crops and pest control. Their work involves analyzing enzymes, DNA, and other molecules to comprehend and manipulate the biochemical pathways that underlie health and diseases. This can include drug discovery and development, which is a complex process that may include detective work and experimentation to make human beings healthier.

A. the amount of water is a constant (aka independent variable)

The amount of water is constant in the Jarrett in each of the three identical containers experiment.

The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapour.

The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid.

The more salt (or any solute) added to water, the more you raise the boiling point.

When the ionic compound salt is added to the equation, it lowers the freezing point of the water.

Salt molecules block water molecules from packing together when the temperature is lowered.

It then prevents them from becoming ice. More water molecules leave the solid phase than the ones entering the solid phase.

Hence, option A is correct.

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

trust me

Answer:

In fact, some strong bases can burn the skin as badly as strong acids. Bases feel soapy or slippery because they react with acidic molecules in your skin called fatty acids. ... Like acids, bases change the colors of acid-base indicators, but the colors they produce are different. Bases turn litmus paper blue.

Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions in solution. Strong acids like Hydrochloric acid can cause a burning sensation when interacting with sensitive tissues while weak acids are generally safer to handle. Antacids are used to neutralize excess stomach acid and alleviate discomfort.

Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H*) in solution, having a high tendency to participate in chemical reactions. The feeling experienced when we come into contact with acids can highly depend on their strength and concentration. For instance, strong acids like Hydrochloric acid (HCl), found in stomach, aid digestion and kill ingested microbes but they can also cause a burning sensation when they leak into the esophagus, resulting in heartburn. As for weak acids like vinegar or acetic acid, they do not ionize completely and are generally safer to handle.

Antacids, which are bases like calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), are typically taken to neutralize excess stomach acid when experiencing heartburn, thus reducing the uncomfortable burning sensation.

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nail polish remover is acetone

Answer:

To do a proper push up

Explanation:

You need to keep your back straight, keep your hands at shoulder-width apart and keep your legs close but not too close.

Here's how to get set up to do a push up: When down on the ground, set your hands at a distance that is slightly wider than shoulder-width apart. Another good cue: draw a straight line down from your chest/nipple – it should be directly over your thumbnail.

The answer is:

Hence, the new pressure will be 2.07 atm.

[tex]P_{2}=2.07atm[/tex]

Since we know that the gas is inside of a rigid container, meaning that the volume will be kept constant, we can solve the problem using the Gay-Lussac's Law.

The the Gay-Lussac's Law establishes that when an ideal gas is kept at the same volume, the pressure and the temperature will be proportional.

We need to pay special attention when we are working with the Gay-Lussac's Law since its equaitons works with absolute temperatures (Kelvin ), so, if we are working with relative temperatures such as Celsius degrees or Fahrenheit degrees, we need to convert the temperatures to Kelvin.

We can convert from Celsius degrees to Kelvin using the following formula:

[tex]Temperature(K)=Temperature(C\°)+273[/tex]

So, we have the Gay-Lussac's equation:

[tex]\frac{P_{1}}{T_{1}}=\frac{P_{2}}{T_{2}}[/tex]

Also, we are given the following information:

[tex]T_{1}=30\° \\P_{1}=2atm\\T_{2}=40\°[/tex]

Therefore, converting the temperature to Kelvin, we have:

[tex]T_{1}=30C\°=30+273K=303K\\\\T_{1}=40C\°=40+273K=313K\\[/tex]

Now, calculating we have:

[tex]\frac{P_{1}}{T_{1}}=\frac{P_{2}}{T_{2}}[/tex]

[tex]P_{2}=\frac{P_{1}}{T_{1}}*T_{2}\\\\P_{2}=\frac{2atm}{303K}*313K=2.07atm[/tex]

Hence, the new pressure will be 2.07 atm.

[tex]P_{2}=2.07atm[/tex]

Have a nice day!

Answer:

18.94 mL.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

P₁ = 9.4 mm Hg, V₁ = 1531.0 mL.

P₂ = 760.0 mm Hg, V₂ = ??? mL.

∴ V₂ = P₁V₁/P₂ = (9.4 mm Hg)(1531.0 mL)/(760.0 mm Hg) = 18.94 mL.

Answer:

1) Since you have not provided the equations to select the right one, I am going to explain you the relevant facts that are used to solve this question.

2) The transuranium elements are the chemiical elements with atomic number greater than that of the uranium.

The atomic number of uranium is 92. So, the transuranium elements are the elements with atomic number 93 or greater.

This are some of the transuranium elements:

Neptunio - 93

Plutonium - 94

Americium - 95

Curium - 96

Berkelium - 97

Californium - 98

Einstenium - 99

And so all the known elements (the last one is the 118).

3) In a nuclear reaction the total mass number ( shown as superscript to the left of the symbol) and total atomic number (shown as subscript to the left of the symbol) are conserved.

4) Beta decay is the release of a beta particle, which is an electron (considered massles and with charge - 1). So, the beta decay is represented with the symbol:

0

 β, which means 0 mass and charge - 1.

-1

5) This is, then, an example of a β decay equation for one transuranium element:

239              239            0

     Np    →         Pu   +      β

 93                94            -1

As you see 239 = 239 + 0 and 93 = 94 - 1, showing that the total mass number ( shown as superscript to the left of the symbol) and the total atomic number (shown as subscript to the left of the symbol) are conserved.

Explanation:

Partial pressure is what the scientist would measure. 100%

Answer:

D

Explanation: its brackin cuz

Answer:

Al₄C₃ + 12H₂O ⟶ 4Al(OH)₃ + 3CH₄

Explanation:

The correct formulas are

Al₄C₃ + H₂O ⟶ Al(OH)₃ + CH₄

Often, the best way to start is to balance all atoms other than O and H, then balance O, then balance H.

1. Put a 1 in front of the most complicated-looking formula (Al₄C₃):

1Al₄C₃ + H₂O ⟶ Al(OH)₃ + CH₄

2. Balance Al:

We have fixed 4 Al on the left. We need 4 Al on the right. Put a 4 in front of Al(OH)₃.

1Al₄C₃ + H₂O ⟶ 4Al(OH)₃ + CH₄

3. Balance C:

We have fixed 3 C on the left. We need 3 C on the right. Put a 3 in front of CH₄.

1Al₄C₃ + 12H₂O ⟶ 4Al(OH)₃ + 3CH₄

4. Balance O:

We have fixed 12 O on the right. We need 12 O on the left. Put a 12 in front of H₂O.

1Al₄C₃ + 12H₂O ⟶ 4Al(OH)₃ + 3CH₄

Every formula now has a fixed coefficient. The equation should be balanced.

5. Check that atoms balance:

\[tex]\begin{array}{ccc}\textbf{Atom} & \textbf{On the left} & \textbf{On the right}\\\text{Al} & 4 & 4\\\text{C} & 3 & 4\\\text{H} & 24 & 24\\\text{O} & 12 & 12\\\end{array}[/tex]

The balanced equation is

Al₄C₃ + 12H₂O ⟶ 4Al(OH)₃ + 3CH₄

Answer:Al4C + 4(H20) = 4AL(OH) +CH4

Explanation:

the equation is balance on both sides,

4 aluminums on both sides

1 carbon on both sides

8 hydrogens on both sides

4 oxygens on both sides

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Dissolving a solid in liquid, in this instance table salt in water, is a physical change due to merely the state of the matter being altered. Physical changes almost always be reversed.

A A. physical property of salt is that it will dissolve in water.

Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical identity. Examples include color, density, and solubility.

Chemical properties describe a substance's potential to undergo chemical changes or reactions and transform into a different substance. Examples include reactivity with acids and flammability.

When salt dissolves in water, it undergoes a physical change because the salt is merely dispersing at the molecular level within the water but remains chemically the same (sodium chloride). Therefore, dissolving is a physical property of salt.

1. Make a Prediction

2. Fill both beakers with water

3. Dissolve salt in one of the beakers

4. Place both in the freezer and observe

5. Write a report

(Always make the prediction first! That's a hypothesis!)

Explanation:

A hypothesis is defined as an idea or explanation which is framed without any testing or experimentation.

And, in order to verify the hypothesis we need to perform the experiment. And, on the basis of experimentation we can conclude whether our hypothesis was correct or not.

For example, when we have to perform an experiment to determine which freezes more easily—distilled water or salt water. Then the steps in this experiment should be as follows.

Answer:

All of them apply according to the exam your are on because they all need concentration to work up the certain chemical

Explanation

The physical properties of a solution are not affected by the concentration of the components.

Boiling points and freezing points of solutions change as the concentration of the solute changes.

Moles of solute = (Liters of solution) x (Molarity of solution)

(Initial Concentration)(Initial Volume) = (Final Concentration) (Final Volume)

Concentration affects if an acid is weak or strong.

Answer : All the given options are applicable for a solution’s concentration.

Explanation :

(1) The physical properties of a solution are not affected by the concentration of the components.

This statement is apply to a solution's concentration. Physical properties can be measured without changing the composition of substance. For example : The boiling point of 2 gram substance and 10 grams of substance  will always remain same.

(2) Boiling points and freezing points of solutions change as the concentration of the solute changes.

This statement is apply to a solution's concentration. As we know that the boiling and freezing point of solution depends on the number of moles of solute or concentration of solute. So, as the concentration of solute changes the boiling and freezing point of solution.

(3) Moles of solute = (Liters of solution) x (Molarity of solution)

This statement is apply to a solution's concentration. As we know that the molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute present in one liter of volume of solution.

(4) (Initial Concentration)(Initial Volume) = (Final Concentration) (Final Volume)

This statement is apply to a solution's concentration as per dilution law.

(5) Concentration affects if an acid is weak or strong.

This statement is apply to a solution's concentration. As the concentration of an acid and base is the amount of moles of solute per unit volume. That means if a solution has higher molarity, then the concentration is also higher and vice-versa.

Hence, all the given options are applicable for a solution’s concentration.

The reaction between sodium bicarbonate and sulfuric acid produces sodium sulfate, carbon dioxide, and water, as represented by the balanced chemical equation: NaHCO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + CO2(g) + 2H2O(l).

The word equation for the overall reaction occurring in the baggie, with sodium bicarbonate as a reactant, would typically be something like:

sodium bicarbonate + acid → sodium salt + water + carbon dioxide

When sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is reacted with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the balanced chemical equation for the reaction in the baggie would be:

NaHCO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

This shows sodium bicarbonate reacting with sulfuric acid to produce sodium sulfate, carbon dioxide gas, and water.

Answer:Soil source

Explanation:

Answer:

soil source

Explanation:

A. Cesium is your answer

Answer:

Cesium

Explanation:

The atomic radius is the distance between the nucleus and the outermost orbital of an atom. By the atomic radius, it is possible to determine the size of the atom.

The atomic radius is a periodic trend that means that it is a specific pattern in the properties of the chemical elements that are revealed in the periodic table

This property increases as follows (see attached file)

Therefore the element that is lower in the group is the one with the largest radius

In this case, the one located below in the group is cesium, that is, the one with the largest radius