Final Answer:
The speed at which the car hits the water is approximately 75.2 feet per second.
Explanation:
To find the speed at which the car hits the water, we can use one of the kinematic equations that relates the initial velocity, acceleration due to gravity, the height it fell from, and the final velocity. The kinematic equation that we need is:
[tex]\[ v^2 = u^2 + 2gh \][/tex]
Where:
- v is the final velocity,
- u is the initial velocity,
- g is the acceleration due to gravity (which we will use [tex]\( 32.174 \, \text{ft/s}^2 \)[/tex] for since we are dealing with feet),
- h is the height.
Here, we are given:
- [tex]\( u = 8 \, \text{ft/s} \)[/tex] (initial velocity)
- [tex]\( h = 87 \, \text{ft} \)[/tex] (height)
- [tex]\( g = 32.174 \, \text{ft/s}^2 \)[/tex] (acceleration due to gravity)
Let's find the final velocity \( v \) using these values.
[tex]\[ v^2 = u^2 + 2gh \][/tex]
[tex]\[ v^2 = (8 \, \text{ft/s})^2 + 2 \cdot 32.174 \, \text{ft/s}^2 \cdot 87 \, \text{ft} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ v^2 = 64 \, \text{ft}^2/\text{s}^2 + 2 \cdot 32.174 \, \text{ft/s}^2 \cdot 87 \, \text{ft} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ v^2 = 64 \, \text{ft}^2/\text{s}^2 + 5591.148 \, \text{ft}^2/\text{s}^2 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ v^2 = 5655.148 \, \text{ft}^2/\text{s}^2 \][/tex]
Now we take the square root of both sides to solve for the final velocity \( v \):
[tex]\[ v = \sqrt{5655.148} \, \text{ft/s} \][/tex]
Performing the square root calculation, we get:
[tex]\[ v \approx 75.2 \, \text{ft/s} \][/tex]
So, the speed at which the car hits the water is approximately 75.2 feet per second.
The specific heat capacity of lead is 0.13 J/g-°C. How much heat (in J) is required to raise the temperature of of 91 g of lead from 22°C to 37°C?
Answer:
Q = 177J
Explanation:
Specific heat capacity of lead=0.13J/gc
Q=MCΔT
ΔT=T2-T1,where T1=22degrees Celsius and T2=37degree Celsius.
ΔT=37 - 22 = 15
Q = Change in energy
M = mass of substance
C= Specific heat capacity
Q = (91g) * (0.13J/gc) * (15c)= 177.45J
Approximately, Q = 177J
(5 pts) A sewing machine needle moves up and down in simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 0.0127 m and a frequency of 2.55 Hz. How far doesthe needlemove in one period?A.0.0127 mB.0.0254 mC.0.0508 m
Answer:
B. 0.0254m
Explanation:
A is the amplitude of the oscillation, i.e. the
maximum displacement of the object from
equilibrium, either in the positive or negative x-direction. Simple harmonic motion is repetitive.
The period T is the time it takes the object tocomplete one oscillation and return to the startingposition.
d = 2A = 2×0.0127
A spherical shell of radius 9.7 m is placed in a uniform electric field with magnitude 1310 N/C. Find the total electric flux through the shell.
The electric flux through a spherical shell in a uniform electric field is calculated using Gauss's Law. The physical principles of uniform electric fields and spherical symmetry are applied to determine the flux, emphasizing the concept of electric flux through closed surfaces.
Explanation:The question involves calculating the electric flux through a spherical shell placed in a uniform electric field. According to Gauss's Law, the electric flux (ΦE) through a closed surface surrounding a charge is proportional to the enclosed charge (ΦE = q/ε0), regardless of the shape of the surface. In a uniform electric field, the electric flux through a closed surface, like a spherical shell, can be derived from the formula ΦE = E⋅A, where E is the electric field strength and A is the area of the spherical shell.
For a spherical shell of radius 9.7 m in a uniform electric field of 1310 N/C, the area of the shell (A) is 4πr2, resulting in A = 4π(9.72) square meters. Substituting the values into ΦE = E⋅A gives us the total electric flux through the shell.
Substance A has a heat capacity that is much greater than that of substance B. If 10.0 g of substance A initially at 30.0 ∘C is brought into thermal contact with 10.0 g of B initially at 80.0 ∘C, what can you conclude about the final temperature of the two substances once the exchange of heat between the substances is complete?
When substances with different heat capacities are brought into thermal contact, heat transfers until they reach thermal equilibrium. In this case, the final temperature will be closer to the initial temperature of substance A.
When two substances with different heat capacities are brought into thermal contact, heat will transfer from the substance with a higher initial temperature to the substance with a lower initial temperature until they reach thermal equilibrium. In this case, since substance A has a much greater heat capacity than substance B, it can absorb and transfer a larger amount of heat. Therefore, the final temperature of the two substances will likely be closer to the initial temperature of substance A and lower than the initial temperature of substance B.
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A 40-kg rock is dropped from an elevation of 10 m. What is the velocity of the rock when it is 5-m from the ground?
Answer:
Explanation:
Given
mass of rock [tex]m=40\ kg[/tex]
Elevation of Rock [tex]h=10\ m[/tex]
Distance traveled by rock with time
[tex]h=ut+\frac{1}{2}at^2[/tex]
where, u=initial velocity
t=time
a=acceleration
here initial velocity is zero
when rock is 5 m from ground then it has traveled a distance of 5 m from top because total height is 10 m
[tex]5=0\times t+\frac{1}{2}(9.8)(t^2)[/tex]
[tex]t^2=\frac{10}{9.8}[/tex]
[tex]t=1.004\approx 1\ s[/tex]
velocity at this time
[tex]v=u+at[/tex]
[tex]v=0+9.8\times 1.004[/tex]
[tex]v=9.83\ m/s[/tex]
Final answer:
To calculate the velocity of a 40-kg rock when it is 5 meters from the ground, after being dropped from 10 meters, we use the kinematic equation, leading to a final velocity of approximately 9.9 m/s.
Explanation:
The question concerns calculating the velocity of a 40-kg rock when it is 5 meters from the ground, after being dropped from an elevation of 10 meters. This problem is fundamentally based on the principles of kinematic equations that describe the motion of objects under the influence of gravity. Assuming the acceleration due to gravity (g) is 9.8 m/s2, and ignoring air resistance, we can use the equation of motion v² = u² + 2as, where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity (0 m/s, since the rock is dropped), a is the acceleration due to gravity, and s is the distance covered.
To find out how fast the rock is moving when it is 5 meters from the ground, we first calculate the distance it has fallen, which is 10 meters - 5 meters = 5 meters. Plugging the values into the equation, we have v² = 0 + 2(9.8)(5) = 98. Therefore, v = √98 = approximately 9.9 m/s.
Say for a particular population body temperature measured in Celsius has a mean of 37 and the standard deviation is equal to 0.5. What is the mean and standard deviation of the population when temperature is measured in Fahrenheit units?
Answer
given,
Mean of temperature in Celsius = 37 Standard deviation in Celsius = 0.5
relation between Fahrenheit and Celsius
[tex]F = \dfrac{9}{5}C + 32[/tex]
Mean of temperature in Fahrenheit
[tex]Mean_F =\dfrac{9}{5}\times Mean_C + 32[/tex]
[tex]Mean_F =\dfrac{9}{5}\times 37 + 32[/tex]
[tex]Mean_F = 98.6\ F[/tex]
Standard deviation of Fahrenheit.
[tex]SD_F = \dfrac{9}{5}\times SD_C [/tex]
addition of 32 will not change the Standard deviation.
[tex]SD_F = \dfrac{9}{5}\times 0.5[/tex]
[tex]SD_F = 0.9[/tex]
In the absence of air resistance, a ball is thrown vertically upward with a certain initial KE. When air resistane is a factor affecting the ball, does it return to its original level with the same, less or more KE? Does your answer contradict the law of energy of conservation?
Answer:
Explanation:
A ball is thrown vertically upward with a certain Kinetic Energy in the absence of air resistance and while returning it experiences air resistance.
Air resistance causes the ball to lose its kinetic energy as it provides resistance which will convert some of its kinetic energy to heat energy.
So in a way total energy is conserved but not kinetic energy as some portion of it is lost in the form of heat.
Final answer:
A ball thrown upward with air resistance will return with less kinetic energy due to the negative work done by air resistance, which transforms some of its kinetic energy into heat. This does not violate the conservation of energy as the energy is still conserved but in different forms. Mechanical energy decreases but is compensated by the increase in thermal energy in the air.
Explanation:
When a ball is thrown vertically upward in the absence of air resistance, it will return to its original level with the same kinetic energy (KE) because energy is conserved in a system where no external forces do work. However, when air resistance is a factor, it will return with less kinetic energy. This is because air resistance does negative work on the ball, converting some of its Kinetic Energy into thermal energy as it dissipates heat into the air.
The conservation of energy principle is not contradicted by this scenario. The total energy (kinetic plus potential plus any energy converted into heat due to air resistance) is still conserved. However, the mechanical energy of the ball (the sum of its kinetic and potential energy) decreases due to the work done by air resistance. This reduction in mechanical energy is exactly balanced by the increase in thermal energy of the air.
If an object like a feather is thrown upward, it will experience significant air resistance, and it will definitely return with less kinetic energy than it had when it was thrown up. Again, this doesn't violate the conservation of energy; instead, the energy is simply transformed into different forms, primarily heat, due to interactions with the air.
Two water waves meet at the same point, one having a displacement above equilibrium of 60 cm and the other having a displacement above equilibrium of 80 cm. At this moment, what is the resulting displacement above equilibrium?
To solve this problem it will be necessary to apply the interference principle. Under this principle interference is understood as a phenomenon in which two or more waves overlap to form a resulting wave of greater, lesser or equal amplitude. In this case, if both are at the same point, the result of the total displacement will be the sum of the individual displacements, therefore
[tex]x = \sum h_i[/tex]
[tex]x = 60cm + 80cm[/tex]
[tex]x =140cm[/tex]
Therefore the resulting displacement above equilibrium is 140cm
Final answer:
When two water waves meet at the same point, the resulting displacement above equilibrium can be calculated by adding the individual displacements together. In this case, the resulting displacement above equilibrium is 140 cm.
Explanation:
The resulting displacement above equilibrium when two water waves meet at the same point can be determined by adding the individual displacements together. In this case, one wave has a displacement above equilibrium of 60 cm and the other wave has a displacement above equilibrium of 80 cm. The resulting displacement is found by adding 60 cm and 80 cm, which gives a resulting displacement above equilibrium of 140 cm.
Two cars, one in front of the other, are travelling down the highway at 25 m/s. The car behind sounds its horn, which has a frequency of 640 Hz. What is the frequency heard by the driver of the lead car? (Vsound=340 m/s).
The answer choices are:
A) 463 Hz
B) 640 Hz
C)579 Hz
D) 425 Hz
E) 500 Hz
Answer:
[tex] f_s = 640 Hz[/tex]
Explanation:
For this case we know that the speed of the sound is given by:
[tex] V_s = 340 m/s[/tex]
And we have the following info provided:
[tex] v_c = 25 m/s [/tex] represent the car leading
[tex] v_s= 25 m/s[/tex] represent the car behind with the source
[tex] f_o = 640 Hz[/tex] is the frequency for the observer
And we can find the frequency of the source [tex] f_s[/tex] with the following formula:
[tex] f_s = \frac{v-v_o}{v-v_s} f_o [/tex]
And replacing we got:
[tex] f_s = \frac{340-25}{340-25} *640 Hz = 640 Hz[/tex]
So then the frequency for the source would be the same since the both objects are travelling at the same speed.
[tex] f_s = 640 Hz[/tex]
A particle moves so that its position (in meters) as a function of time (in seconds) is . Write expressions (in unit vector notation) for (a) its velocity and (b) its acceleration as functions of time.
Answer:
a.Velocity=[tex]\vec{v}=(6t)\hat{j}+8\hat{k}[/tex]
b.[tex]\vec{a}=6\hat{j}[/tex]
Explanation:
We are given that
A particle moves so that its position (in m) as function of time is
[tex]\vec{r}=2\hat{i}+(3t^2)\hat{j}+(8t)\hat{k}[/tex]
a.We have to find its velocity
We know that
Velocity,[tex]v=\frac{dr}{dt}[/tex]
Using the formula
Velocity,v=[tex]\frac{d(2i+3t^2j+8tk)}{dt}[/tex]
Velocity=[tex]\vec{v}=(6t)\hat{j}+8\hat{k}[/tex]
b.Acceleration[tex]=\vec{a}=\frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}[/tex]
[tex]\vec{a}=\frac{d((6t)\hat{j}+8\hat{k})}{dt}[/tex]
[tex]\vec{a}=6\hat{j}[/tex]
The velocity and acceleration of a particle can be calculated from its position function using differentiation in respect to time. The first derivative gives the velocity, while the second derivative gives the acceleration. Unit vector notation is used to display the results.
Explanation:The question involves the calculations of a particle's velocity and acceleration over time, represented in unit vector notation. This scenario falls within the realm of physics, specifically kinematics. Given a particle's motion described by a position function, we can calculate its velocity and acceleration as functions of time.
V(t), the velocity of the particle, is the first derivative of the position function. Hence, to find the velocity, we simply differentiate the position function with respect to time. Now, to calculate A(t), the acceleration of the particle, we take the first derivative of the velocity function, or equivalently, the second derivative of the position function. This gives us the rate of change of velocity, which represents acceleration.
For example, suppose the particle's position function r(t) is given by r(t) = 3t^2 + 2 squares. Differentiating the position function once gives us v(t) = 6t + 2, the velocity function. Differentiating v(t) gives us a(t) = 6, the acceleration function. Both velocity and acceleration are given in unit vector notation.
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A tank with a volume of 0.150 m3 contains 27.0oC helium gas at a pressure of 100 atm. How many balloons can be blown up if each filled balloon is a sphere 30.0 cm in diameter at 27.0oC and absolute pressure of 1.20 atm? Assume all the helium is transferred to the balloons.
Answer:
884 balloons
Explanation:
Assume ideal gas, since temperature is constant, then the product of pressure and volume is constant.
So if pressures reduces from 100 to 1.2, the new volume would be
[tex]V_2 = \frac{P_1V_1}{P_2} = \frac{100*0.15}{1.2} = 12.5 m^2[/tex]
The spherical volume of each of the balloon of 30cm diameter (15 cm or 0.15 m in radius) is
[tex]V_b = \frac{4}{3}\pir^3 = \frac{4}{3}\pi 0.15^3 = 0.014 m^3[/tex]
The number of balloons that 12.5 m3 can fill in is
[tex]V_2/V_b = 12.5 / 0.014 = 884[/tex]
Final answer:
Based on the volume of the tank, temperature, and pressure, we can calculate the number of moles of helium. By dividing this number by the number of moles of helium in one balloon, we can determine how many balloons can be blown up.
Explanation:
To find out how many balloons can be blown up with the given amount of helium, we need to calculate the total volume of helium in the tank and divide it by the volume of each balloon.
Given:
The volume of the tank is 0.150 m³
The temperature of the helium in the tank is 27.0°C
The pressure of the helium in the tank is 100 atm
The volume of each balloon is 30.0 cm in diameter, which is equivalent to a radius of 15.0 cm or 0.15 m
The temperature of the filled balloon is 27.0°C
The absolute pressure of the filled balloon is 1.20 atm
First, we need to convert the volume of the tank to liters:
0.150 m³ * 1000 L/m³ = 150 L
Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of helium in the tank using the ideal gas law:
P * V = n * R * T
n = (P * V) / (R * T)
where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
Using the given values:
Pressure (P) = 100 atm
Volume (V) = 150 L
Ideal gas constant (R) = 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol
Temperature (T) = 27.0°C + 273.15 = 300.15 K
Calculating the number of moles:
n = (100 atm * 150 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/K·mol * 300.15 K) = 6.19 moles
Now we can calculate the number of balloons that can be blown up:
Number of balloons = (Number of moles of helium) / (Number of moles of helium in one balloon)
The number of moles of helium in one balloon can be found using the ideal gas law:
P * V = n * R * T
n = (P * V) / (R * T)
Using the given values:
Pressure (P) = 1.20 atm
Volume (V) = (4/3) * π * (0.15 m)³ = 0.141 m³
Ideal gas constant (R) = 0.0821 L·atm/K·mol
Temperature (T) = 27.0°C + 273.15 = 300.15 K
Calculating the number of moles:
n = (1.20 atm * 0.141 m3) / (0.0821 L·atm/K·mol * 300.15 K) = 0.006 moles
Finally, calculating the number of balloons:
Number of balloons = 6.19 moles / 0.006 moles = 1031
Therefore, 1031 balloons can be blown up with the given amount of helium.
The mass of the Sun is 2x1030 kg, and the mass of Mars is 6.4x1023 kg. The distance from the Sun to Mars is 2.3X1011 m. Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the Sun on Mars. N Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by Mars on the Sun. N
The magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the Sun on Mars is approximately 1.49x10^22 N, while the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by Mars on the Sun is approximately 5.92x10^15 N.
To calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the Sun on Mars, we can use Newton's law of gravitation. The formula is given by F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2, where F is the magnitude of the force, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the objects, and r is the distance between them.
Plugging in the values for the Sun's mass (2x10^30 kg), Mars' mass (6.4x10^23 kg), and the distance between them (2.3x10^11 m), we get
F = (6.673x10^-11 N·m²/kg²) * ((2x10^30 kg) * (6.4x10^23 kg)) / (2.3x10^11 m)^2
Simplifying the equation and performing the calculations, the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the Sun on Mars is approximately 1.49x10^22 N.
Similarly, to calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by Mars on the Sun, we can use the same formula with the masses and distance reversed. Plugging in the values, we get
F = (6.673x10^-11 N·m²/kg²) * ((6.4x10^23 kg) * (2x10^30 kg)) / (2.3x10^11 m)^2
Simplifying and calculating the equation, the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by Mars on the Sun is approximately 5.92x10^15 N.
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A ship sets sail from Rotterdam, The Netherlands, heading due north at 7.00 m/s relative to the water. The local ocean current is 1.53 m/s in a direction 40° north of east. What is the velocity of the ship in meters per second relative to the Earth in degrees north of east?
Answer:
8.07 m/s, 81.7º NE.
Explanation:
The ship, due to the local ocean current, will be deviated from its original due north bearing.In order to find the magnitude of the velocity of the ship, we need to convert a vector equation, in an algebraic one.If we choose two axes coincident with the N-S and W-E directions, we can find the components of the velocity along these directions.Clearly, the velocity of the ship, relative to water, is only due north, so it has no component along the W-E axis.The local ocean current, as it is directed at an angle between both axes, has components along these axes.These components can be found from the projections of the velocity vector along these axes, as follows:[tex]vocx = voc* cos 40 = 1.53 m/s * 0.766 = 1.17 m/s\\vocy = voc* sin 40 = 1.53 m/s * 0.643 = 0.98 m/s[/tex]
The component along the N-S axis (y-axis) of the velocity of the ship will be the sum of the velocity relative to water, plus the component of the ocean current along this same axis:[tex]vshy = vsw + vwy = 7.00 m/s + 0.98 m/s = 7.98 m/s[/tex]
The component along the W-E axis, is just the component of the local ocean current in this direction:vshx = 1.17 m/s
We can find the magnitude of the velocity vector, applying the Pythagorean theorem, as follows:[tex]v = \sqrt{vshx^{2} + vshy^{2} } =\sqrt{(7.98m/s)^{2} +(1.17m/s)^{2} } =8.07 m/s[/tex]
The direction of the vector relative to the W-E axis (measured in counterclockwise direction) is given by the relative magnitude of the x and y components, as follows:[tex]tg \theta = \frac{vshy}{vshx} = \frac{7.98}{1.17} = 6.82 \\ \theta = tg^{-1} (6.82)\\ \theta= 81.7\deg[/tex]
The velocity of the ship, relative to Earth, is 8.07 m/s, 81.7º North of East.After a great many contacts with the charged ball, how is the charge on the rod arranged (when the charged ball is far away)?
a. There is positive charge on end B and negative charge on end A.
b. There is negative charge spread evenly on both ends.
c. There is negative charge on end A with end B remaining neutral.
d. There is positive charge on end A with end B remaining neutral.
Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Since, there is a negative charge present on the ball and a positive charge present on the rod. So, when the negatively charged metal ball will come in contact with the rod then positive charges from rod get conducted towards the metal ball.
Hence, the rod gets neutralized. But towards the metal ball there is a continuous supply of negative charges. Therefore, after the neutralization of positive charge from the rod there will be flow of negative charges from the metal ball towards the rod.
Thus, we can conclude that negative charge spread evenly on both ends.
Option (b) is the correct answer.
b. There is negative charge spread evenly on both ends.
The following information should be considered:
Since, there should be the negative charge present on the ball and a positive charge present on the rod. Due to this, at the time when the negatively charged metal ball will come in contact with the rod so positive charges from rod get conducted towards the metal ball. Therefore, the rod gets neutralized. However towards the metal ball there is a continuous supply of negative charges.Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/10024737?referrer=searchResults
How much energy is required to raise the temperature of 11.4 grams of gaseous helium from 24.2 °C to 38.3 °C ?
Answer:
Q= 835J
Explanation:
Specific heat capacity of Helium=5.193J/gk
Q=msΔT
ΔT=T2-T1
Q=change in energy
m=mass of substance
S= Specific heat capacity
Q= Change in energy
T2= 38.3 degrees Celsius =(38.3+273)k= 311.3k
T1=24.2 degree Celsius =24.2+273k
T1=297.2k
ΔT=T2-T1=(311.3-297.2)k=14.1K
Q=(11.4g)*(5.193J/gk)*(14.1k)
Q=834.72282J
Approximately, Q= 835J
A certain substance has a heat of vaporization of 37.51 kJ / mol. At what Kelvin temperature will the vapor pressure be 3.50 times higher than it was at 307 K?
Answer:
T2=336K
Explanation:
Clausius-Clapeyron equation is used to determine the vapour pressure at different temperatures:
where:
In(P2/P1) = ΔvapH/R(1/T1 - 1/T2)
p1 and p2 are the vapour pressures at temperatures
T1 and T2
ΔvapH = the enthalpy of vaporization of the liquid
R = the Universal Gas Constant
p1=p1, T1=307K
p2=3.50p1; T2=?
ΔvapH=37.51kJ/mol=37510J/mol
R=8.314J.K^-1moL^-1
In(3.50P1/P1)= (37510J/mol)/(8.314J.K^-1)*(1/307 - 1/T2)
P1 and P1 cancelled out:
In(3.50)=4511.667(T2 - 307/307T2)
1.253=14.696(T2 - 307/T2)
1.253=(14.696T2) - (14.696*307)/T2
1.253T2=14.696T2 - 4511.672
Therefore,
4511.672=14.696T2 - 1.253T2
4511.672=13.443T2
So therefore, T2=4511.672/13.443=335.61
Approximately, T2=336K
Design at least two independent experiments to determine the wavelength of a microwave source. You have a microwave source, microwave detector, a barrier with different regions, and a goniometer to measure angles. (To avoid over-ranging the detector, please use the largest meter multiplier setting that allows you to see what you’re doing. Nevertheless, if you are seeing nothing at any angle, do go to a smaller multiplier.) One of your experiments should involve setting up a standing wave.
One of your experiments should involve Include the following in your report:
a. Design experiments to solve the problem and discuss how you will use the available equipment to make measurements.
b. Describe the mathematical procedures you will use.
c. List the assumptions are you making. Explain how each could affect the outcome.
d. What are the sources of experimental uncertainty? How could you minimize the uncertainties?
Answer:
The Double Slits Experiment and Michelson Interferometer
The questions will be answered for the double slits experiment.
(b) Mathematically, the double slits experiment equation can be given as: d sin 0 = m(Wavelength). d is the separation distance, 0 is the diffraction angle, m = 1,2,3,...
(c) assumptions
The width of the slits is lesser than the microwave's wavelength. This is to set up a standing wave between the microwave source and detector.
m is an positive integer. To obtain a constructive interference of the E-M wave(microwave)
(d) The uncertainties are:
(i)The zero error in the reading of the multiplier will disrupt the value of the wavelength by small percentage. This can be adjusted to obtain more accurate result.
(ii) The angle as obtained by the gionometer can not be measured to highest level of accuracy, as there are some approximations. High sensitive equipment should be used to obtain accurate result
Explanation:
Double Slits Experiment.
The double slits is a pair of 2cm wide slits with a 6cm separation, cut in a metal foil, with the double slits at the centre of turnable with the microwave source and microwave detector through the slits. The shunt on the microammeter is adjusted to
so that a large scale deflection is obtained. The interference pattern may then be explored by moving the receiver arm, whilst keeping the transmitter arm fixed. A graph of intensity (current) versus θ(Measured through the gionometer) should be plotted, and an estimate made of the microwave wavelength by measuring the angular separation of adjacent maxima in the interference pattern and the separation of the two slits.
Michelson Interferometer
Setting up the interferometer, the mirrors are metal sheets and the beamsplitter is a hardboard sheet. The metal sheets should be carefully positioned to be perpendicular to the microwave beam, and the beamsplitter positioned at the centre of the turntable and at 45° to the beam. Any slight change in the path length of either of the beams leaving the beamsplitter changes the interference pattern at the receiver. One of the metal sheets is mounted in a frame which slides along rails. If this sheet is slowly moved, maxima and minima of current will be recorded by the receiver and a plot of “intensity” against distance can be made. The distance between successive maxima (or minima) is one half of the microwave wavelength which can thus be measured.
A vertical, piston-cylinder device containing a gas is allowed to expand from 1 m3 to 3 m3. The heat added to the system during the constant pressure expansion was 200 kJ and the decrease in the energy of the system is 340 kJ. Calculate the gas pressure, in kPa.
Answer:
Explanation:
Given
Initial Volume [tex]v_1=1\ m^3[/tex]
final Volume [tex]v_2=3\ m^3[/tex]
Heat added at constant Pressure [tex]Q=200\ kJ[/tex]
Decrease in Energy of System [tex]\Delta U=-340\ kJ[/tex]
According to First law of thermodynamics
[tex]Q=\Delta U+W[/tex]
[tex]W=Q-\Delta U[/tex]
[tex]W=200-(-340)[/tex]
[tex]W=540\ kJ[/tex]
Work done in a constant Pressure Process is given by
[tex]W=P\Delta V[/tex]
where P is the constant Pressure
[tex]540=P\times (3-1)[/tex]
[tex]P=270\ kPa[/tex]
A man is dragging a trunk up the loading ramp of a mover’s truck. The ramp has a slope angle of 20.0°, and the man pulls upward with a force FS whose direction makes an angle of 30.0° with the ramp (Fig. E4.4). (a) How large a force FS is necessary for the component Fx parallel to the ramp to be 90.0 N?(b) How large will the component Fy perpendicular to the ramp be then?
Answer:
(a) 104 N
(b) 52 N
Explanation:
Given Data
Angle of inclination of the ramp: 20°
F makes an angle of 30° with the ramp
The component of F parallel to the ramp is Fx = 90 N.
The component of F perpendicular to the ramp is Fy.
(a)
Let the +x-direction be up the incline and the +y-direction by the perpendicular to the surface of the incline.
Resolve F into its x-component from Pythagorean theorem:
Fx=Fcos30°
Solve for F:
F= Fx/cos30°
Substitute for Fx from given data:
Fx=90 N/cos30°
=104 N
(b) Resolve r into its y-component from Pythagorean theorem:
Fy = Fsin 30°
Substitute for F from part (a):
Fy = (104 N) (sin 30°)
= 52 N
To find the force FS necessary for the component Fx parallel to the ramp to be 90.0 N, we can use the equation Fx = FS * cos(30°) = 90.0 N. To find the component Fy perpendicular to the ramp, we can use the equation Fy = FS * sin(30°).
Explanation:To find the force FS necessary for the component Fx parallel to the ramp to be 90.0 N, we can use the equation Fx = FS * cos(30°) = 90.0 N. Rearranging the equation, FS = 90.0 N / cos(30°). Therefore, FS ≈ 103.9 N.
To find the component Fy perpendicular to the ramp, we can use the equation Fy = FS * sin(30°). Substituting the value of FS, Fy ≈ 103.9 N * sin(30°). Therefore, Fy ≈ 51.9 N.
A rod of mass M = 146 g and length L = 47 cm can rotate about a hinge at its left end and is initially at rest. A putty ball of mass m = 19 g, moving with speed V = 5 m/s, strikes the rod at angle θ = 29° a distance D = L/2 from the end and sticks to the rod after the collision.What is the angular speed ωf of the system immediately after the collision, in terms of system parameters and I?
Answer:
[tex]\omega = \frac{mv\frac{L}{2}\sin(29^\circ)}{\frac{1}{3}ML^2 + m(\frac{L}{2})^2} = 0.91~{\rm rad/s}[/tex]
Explanation:
The angular speed of the system can be found by conservation of angular momentum. Since the ball and the rod are stick together, the collision is completely inelastic, ergo kinetic energy is not conserved.
[tex]L_{initial} = L_{final}\\m\vec{v}\times \vec{r} = I\omega[/tex]
The moment of inertia of the combined objects is equal to the sum of moment of inertia of the separate objects.
[tex]I = \frac{1}{3}ML^2 + m(\frac{L}{2})^2[/tex]
The cross product in the left-hand side can be written as a sine of the angle.
Therefore;
[tex]mv\frac{L}{2}\sin(29^\circ) = (\frac{1}{3}ML^2 + m(\frac{L}{2})^2)\omega\\(19\times 10^{-3})(5)(\frac{47\times 10^{-2}}{2})\sin(29^\circ) = (\frac{1}{3}(146\times 10^{-3})(47\times 10^{-2})^2 + (19\times 10^{-3})(\frac{47\times 10^{-2}}{2})^2)\omega\\\omega = 0.91~{\rm rad/s}[/tex]In terms of system parameters:
[tex]\omega = \frac{mv\frac{L}{2}\sin(29^\circ)}{\frac{1}{3}ML^2 + m(\frac{L}{2})^2}[/tex]
The number of confirmed exoplanets is (a) less than 10; (b) roughly 50; (c) more than 500; (d) more than 5000.
Answer:
(c) more than 500
Explanation:
Until 2019, more than 3000 planetary systems have been discovered that contain more than 4000 exoplanets, since some of these systems contain multiple planets. Most known extrasolar planets are gas giants equal to or more massive than the planet Jupiter, with orbits very close to its star.
Final answer:
The number of confirmed exoplanets is more than 5000. Through missions like Kepler, the catalog of exoplanets includes systems with a variety of planet arrangements and types, indicating an incredibly diverse universe with potentially billions of Earth-size planets. The correct answer is option is d) more than 5000.
Explanation:
The number of confirmed exoplanets is (d) more than 5000. As of July 2015, NASA's Kepler mission had detected a total of 4,696 possible exoplanets, and 1,030 of those candidates had been confirmed as planets. Advancing to 2018, astronomers had data on nearly 3,000 exoplanet systems.
By 2022, this knowledge expanded to include data on over 800 systems, many with multiple planets, and an understanding that one quarter of stars may have exoplanet systems. This implies the existence of at least 50 billion planets in our Galaxy alone. Recent studies have shown that planets like Earth are the most common type of planet, leading to an estimated 100 billion Earth-size planets around Sun-like stars in the Galaxy.
It's important to note that detections have been made possible using the Doppler and transit techniques, and while most of the exoplanets found are more massive than Earth, the shortage of small rocky planets detected is an observational bias, as they are more difficult to detect.
The ensemble of exoplanets discovered is incredibly diverse, suggesting a variety of planet formations and arrangements in these systems. Some systems have been observed to have rocky planets closer to their stars than in our solar system, and others have large gas giants, known as 'hot Jupiters', very close to their stars.
One of the primary visible emissions from a distant planet occurs at 425 nm. Calculate the energy of a mole of photons of this emission.]
Answer:
Explanation:
Given
Wavelength of incoming light [tex]\lambda =425\ nm[/tex]
We know
[tex]speed\ of\ wave=frequency\times wavelength[/tex]
[tex]frequency=\frac{speed}{wavelength}[/tex]
[tex]\mu =\frac{3\times 10^8}{425\times 10^{-9}}[/tex]
[tex]\mu =7.058\times 10^{14}\ Hz[/tex]
Energy associated with this frequency
[tex]E=h\mu [/tex]
where h=Planck's constant
[tex]E=6.626\times 10^{-34}\times 7.058\times 10^{14}[/tex]
[tex]E=46.76\times 10^{-20}\ Hz[/tex]
Energy of one mole of Photon[tex]=N_a\times E[/tex]
[tex]=6.022\times 10^{23}\times 46.76\times 10^{-20}[/tex]
[tex]=281.58\times 10^{3}[/tex]
[tex]=281.58\ kJ[/tex]
To calculate the energy of a mole of photons of the emission at 425 nm, use the equation E = hc/λ, where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength. Convert the wavelength to meters, substitute the values into the equation, and calculate to find the energy of a single photon. Multiply this by Avogadro's number to find the energy of a mole of photons.
Explanation:To calculate the energy of a mole of photons of the emission at 425 nm, we can use the equation E = hc/λ, where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant (6.63 x 10^-34 J·s), c is the speed of light (3.00 x 10^8 m/s), and λ is the wavelength (in meters).
Converting the wavelength to meters, we have 425 nm = 425 x 10^-9 m.
Substituting the values into the equation, we get E = (6.63 x 10^-34 J·s)(3.00 x 10^8 m/s) / (425 x 10^-9 m). Calculating this gives us the energy of a single photon of this emission. To find the energy of a mole of photons, we can multiply this value by Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10^23 photons/mol).
Therefore, the energy of a mole of photons of this emission is (6.63 x 10^-34 J·s)(3.00 x 10^8 m/s) / (425 x 10^-9 m) x (6.02 x 10^23 photons/mol).
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A water droplet of mass ‘m’ and net charge ‘-q’ remains stationary in the air due to Earth’s Electric field.
(a) What must be the direction of the Earth’s electric field?
(b) Find an expression for the Earth’s electric field in terms of the mass and charge of the droplet.
Answer:
(a) the electric field of the Earth will be directed towards the negatively charged water droplet.
(b) E = (9.8*m)/q
Explanation:
Part (a) the direction of the Earth’s electric field
Electric field is always directed towards negatively charged objects.
The water droplet has a negative charge ‘-q’, therefore the electric field of the Earth will be directed towards the negatively charged water droplet.
Part (b) an expression for the Earth’s electric field in terms of the mass and charge of the droplet
The magnitude of Electric field is given as;
E = F/q
where;
f is force and q is charge
Also from Newton's law, F = mg
where;
m is mass and g is acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²
E = F/q = mg/q
E = (9.8*m)/q, Electric field in terms of mass and charge of the droplet.
1. A hollow conductor carries a net charge of +3Q. A small charge of -2Q is placed inside the cavity in such a way that it is isolated from the conductor. How much charge is on the outer surface of the conductor?
Answer:
+Q
Explanation:
As no electric field can exist (in electrostatic condition) inside a conductor, if we apply Gauss 'Law to a spherical gaussian surface with a radius just a bit larger than the distance of the inner surface to the center (but less tah the distance of the outer surface), the net flux through this surface must be zero, due to E=0 at any point of the gaussian surface.
Therefore, as the net flux must be proportional to the charge enclosed by the surface, it follows that Qenc = 0.
⇒ Qenc = Qc + Qin = -2Q + Qin = 0 ⇒ Qin = +2Q
So, if the net charge of the conductor is + 3Q (which must remain the same due to the conservation of charge principle) and no charge can exist within the conductor (in electrostatic conditions), we have the following equation:
Qnet = Qin + Qou = +3Q ⇒ +2Q + Qou = +3Q
⇒ Qou = +Q
An automobile with a standard differential turns sharply to the left. The left driving wheel turns on a 20-m radius. Distance between right and left wheels is 1.5 m. What are the rotating speeds of each driving wheel as fractions of the drive shaft speed?
Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
Inner wheel Radius = 20 m,
Distance between left and right wheel = 1.5m,
Let us assume speed of drive shaft is N rpm.
Formula to calculate angular velocity is as follows.
Angular velocity of automobile = w = [tex]\frac{V}{R}[/tex]
where, V = linear velocity of automobile m/min,
R = turning radius from automobile center in meter
In the given case, angular velocity remains same for inner and outer wheel but there is change in linear velocity of inner wheel and outer wheel.
Now, we assume that
u = linear velocity of inner wheel
and, u' = linear velocity of outer wheel.
Formula for angular velocity of inner wheel w = ,
Formula for angular velocity of outer wheel w =
Now, for inner wheels
w =
= [tex]\frac{u}{(R - d)}[/tex]
u = [tex]V \times \frac{(R - d)}{R}[/tex]
= [tex]V \times (1 - \frac{d}{R})[/tex]
If radius of wheel is r it will cover distance in one min.
Since, velocity of wheel is u it will cover distance u in unit time(min)
Thus, u = [tex]2\pi rn[/tex] = [tex]V \times (1 - \frac{d}{R})[/tex]
Now, rotation per minute of inner wheel is calculated as follows.
n = [tex]\frac{V}{2 \pi r \times (1 - \frac{d}{R})}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{V}{2 \pi r \times (1 - \frac{0.75}{20})}[/tex] (since 2d = 1.5m given, d = 0.75m),
= [tex]\frac{V}{r} \times 0.1532[/tex]
So, rotation per minute of outer wheel; n' =
= [tex]\frac{V}{2 \pi r \times (1 + \frac{0.75}{20})}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{V}{r} \times 0.1651[/tex]
In a sharp left turn, the car's right wheel rotates 1.0375 times the speed of the drive shaft, while the left wheel rotates at the speed of the drive shaft. This difference is due to the right wheel covering a larger distance than the left wheel.
The principle in operation here is that in a sharp turn, the outer wheel (in this case, the right wheel) has to cover a larger distance than the inner wheel (left wheel). Therefore, the right wheel will rotate faster than the left one.
Now, calculating the difference in rotation speeds of the wheels, we consider the radii of the paths of the two wheels. For the left wheel, the radius is 20 m and for the right wheel, the radius is greater by half the wheelbase distance, that is, 20.75 m.
The ratio of the speeds is equal to the ratio of the radii of the two paths. Therefore, the speed of the right wheel as a fraction of the drive shaft speed is 20.75/20 = 1.0375 and the speed of the left wheel as a fraction of the drive shaft speed is 20/20 = 1.
So, in conclusion, during a sharp turn to the left, the right wheel rotates 1.0375 times the speed of the drive shaft, while the left wheel rotates at the same speed as the drive shaft.
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A battery has emf E and internal resistance r = 1.50 Ω. A 14.0 Ω resistor is connected to the battery, and the resistor consumes electrical power at a rate of 92.0 J/s. What is the emf of the battery?
Answer:
E = 39.68 V
Explanation:
EMF ( Electromotive force) : This is defined as the magnitude of the potential difference of both the external circuit and the inside of the cell. The S.I unit is Volt.
The Expression for E.M.F is given as,
E = I(R+r) ................... Equation 1
Where E = EMF, I = current, R = External Resistance, r = internal resistance.
Also,
P = I²R
I = √(P/R) ..................... Equation 2
Where P = power, R = External resistance.
Given: P = 92 J/s, R = 14 Ω.
Substitute into equation 2
I = √(92/14)
I = √(6.57)
I = 2.56 A.
Also Given: r = 1.5 Ω.
Substitute into equation 1
E = 2.56(1.5+14)
E = 2.56(15.5)
E = 39.68 V.
A battery has emf E and internal resistance r = 2.00 Ω. A 11.5 Ω resistor is connected to the battery, and the resistor consumes electrical power at a rate of 96.0 J/s.
Part APart complete
What is the emf of the battery?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
E =
39.0 V
What will be the induced magnetic field strength 7.5 cm radially outward from the center of the plates?
Answer:
B = 9.867 * 10^-8 T
Explanation:
Given:
- Rate of accumulating charge I = 37.0 mC/s
- radial distance from center of the plate r = 7.5 cm
- magnetic constant u_o = 4*pi *10^-7 H/m
Find:
The induced magnetic field strength 7.5 cm radially outward from the center of the plates?
Solution:
- Apply Gaussian Law on the surface:
B.(dA) = u_o*I
- The surface integral is dA = (2*pi*r):
B.(2*pi*r) = u_o*I
B = u_o*I / (2*pi*r)
- Plug values in:
B = (4*pi *10^-7)*(37*10^-3) / (2*pi*0.075)
B = 9.867 * 10^-8 T
Answer:
answer is B on Plato if you have it
Explanation:
Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion are processes that decrease the potential energy stored across a membrane true or false
Answer:
It's true. Potential energy is actually the concentrations of different elements. Diffusion is the process of moving the elements or materials from the area of high concentration (high potential energy) to the low concentration. So in bot facilitated and simple types of diffusion the level of potential energy decreases across the membrane.
Explanation:
A man drops a baseball from the top of a building. If the ball is held at a height of 1m before it is dropped, and takes 6.8 seconds to hit the ground, how high is the building in meters? (Neglect air resistance)
To solve this problem we will apply the linear motion kinematic equations.
The equation that describes the position as a function of the initial velocity, acceleration and time is given by the relation
[tex]s = v_0 t +\frac{1}{2} at^2[/tex]
Here,
[tex]v_0 =[/tex] Initial velocity
t = Time
a = Acceleration, at this case due to gravity
There is not initial velocity then we have that the equation to the given time is
[tex]s = \frac{1}{2} (9.8)(6.8)^2[/tex]
[tex]s = 226.8m[/tex]
If the ball is held at a height of 1m before it is dropped, we have that the Building height is
[tex]h = 226.8-1[/tex]
[tex]h = 225.8m[/tex]
A uniformly charged ring of radius 10.0 cm has a total charge of 78.0 μC. Find the electric field on the axis of the ring at the following distances from the center of the ring. (Choose the x-axis to point along the axis of the ring.)(a) 1.00 cm(b) 5.00 cm(c) 30.0 cm(d) 100 cm
Answer:
6908316.619 N/C
25087609.3949 N/C
6652357.02259 N/C
690831.6619 N/C
Explanation:
x = Distance from the ring
R = Radius of ring = 10 cm
q = Charge = 78 μC
k = Coulomb constant = [tex]8.99\times 10^{9}\ Nm^2/C^2[/tex]
Electric field at a point x is from a ring given by
[tex]E=\dfrac{kqx}{(x^2+r^2)^{1.5}}[/tex]
For 1 cm
[tex]E=\dfrac{kqx}{(x^2+r^2)^{1.5}}\\\Rightarrow E=\dfrac{8.99\times 10^9\times 78\times 10^{-6}\times 0.01}{(0.01^2+0.1^2)^{1.5}}\\\Rightarrow E=6908316.619\ N/C[/tex]
The electric field is 6908316.619 N/C
For 5 cm
[tex]E=\dfrac{kqx}{(x^2+r^2)^{1.5}}\\\Rightarrow E=\dfrac{8.99\times 10^9\times 78\times 10^{-6}\times 0.05}{(0.05^2+0.1^2)^{1.5}}\\\Rightarrow E=25087609.3949\ N/C[/tex]
The electric field is 25087609.3949 N/C
For 30 cm
[tex]E=\dfrac{kqx}{(x^2+r^2)^{1.5}}\\\Rightarrow E=\dfrac{8.99\times 10^9\times 78\times 10^{-6}\times 0.3}{(0.3^2+0.1^2)^{1.5}}\\\Rightarrow E=6652357.02259\ N/C[/tex]
The electric field is 6652357.02259 N/C
For 100 cm
[tex]E=\dfrac{kqx}{(x^2+r^2)^{1.5}}\\\Rightarrow E=\dfrac{8.99\times 10^9\times 78\times 10^{-6}\times 1}{(1^2+0.1^2)^{1.5}}\\\Rightarrow E=690831.6619\ N/C[/tex]
The electric field is 690831.6619 N/C