This is due to the inefficiencies of passing energy from one energy level to the next. Studies have shown that only 10% of energy is passed from a lower trophic level to the next higher level as biomass. The rest is lost in inefficiencies such as heat. This is why the graphical model of energy flow in a community is shaped like a pyramid with the lowest energy levels at the bottom and highest energy levels at the top.
what would happen if sublimation didn’t occur ?
Sublimation is the process in which a solid directly transitions into the gaseous phase without going through the liquid phase. If sublimation didn't occur, solids would have to undergo melting and then evaporation to turn into gas.
Explanation:Sublimation is the process in which a solid directly transitions into the gaseous phase without going through the liquid phase. If sublimation didn't occur, solids would have to undergo melting and then evaporation to turn into gas. Examples of sublimation include how snow disappears without melting or how dry ice turns into gas without forming a liquid. Sublimation is important in various applications such as air fresheners and cooling with dry ice.
Sublimation is a phase transition in which a substance transitions directly from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. It occurs when the substance's vapor pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure at a specific temperature. Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimates, creating the effect of "smoke" in theatrical productions and refrigeration.
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If sublimation didn't occur, it would disrupt purification methods, chemical processes, material properties, and the water cycle, necessitating alternative approaches and potentially causing significant changes in various domains.
If sublimation didn't occur, several significant consequences would arise depending on the specific substances involved:
1. Loss of certain purification methods: Sublimation is a purification process for certain substances, such as iodine and dry ice (solid carbon dioxide). Without sublimation, alternative purification methods would need to be developed, which might be less efficient or more expensive.
2. Changes in certain chemical processes: Sublimation is involved in various chemical processes, such as the purification of substances, the deposition of thin films in manufacturing, and the creation of pharmaceutical products. Without sublimation, these processes would need to be reevaluated and potentially redesigned.
3. Alteration of material properties: Sublimation affects the properties of materials. For example, the ability of certain substances to sublime at low temperatures makes them useful in applications like air fresheners and mothballs. Without sublimation, alternative materials or methods would need to be used.
4. Impacts on the environment: Sublimation plays a role in the water cycle, where solid water (snow and ice) sublimes directly to water vapor. Without this process, the water cycle might be altered, potentially affecting weather patterns and ecosystems.
Overall, the absence of sublimation would disrupt various industrial processes, material properties, and natural phenomena, requiring adaptations and potentially leading to significant changes in multiple domains.
which property of the gneiss sample prevented it from weathering?
crystalline texture
mineral composition
density
cleaveg
The correct answer is option B, mineral composition
Gneiss is made up of medium to coarse grains and is a semischistose metamorphic rock. Its consists of quartz and feldspar, biotite, hornblende, garnet or graphite. Being formed under high temperature and pressure, gneiss can only be weathered through chemical processes. The quick chemical weathering usually happens when the grains are small in size but in case of gneiss grains being large in size are difficult to be weathered.
The property of the gneiss sample that likely prevented it from weathering is its mineral composition.
The resistance of gneiss to weathering is partly due to its mineral composition, which usually consists of mica, feldspar, and quartz. Because these minerals are strong and chemically stable, weathering forces like wind, water, and temperature fluctuations are less likely to break them down.
Over time, their ability to withstand both chemical and physical changes contributes to the preservation of the gneiss rock's integrity by averting major weathering. Because of this, gneiss is a long-lasting and resilient rock type that keeps its structure and appearance across a variety of weathering processes.
Identify the structure labeled in this cell.
A - Seems to be the cell membrane
B - Not sure?
C - Cytoplasm
Labelling of structure is as A: cytoplasm, B: nucleus C: Liquid.
The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that fills the interior of cells. It is a crucial component of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and plays a vital role in supporting various cellular functions. While the cytoplasm does not have a defined structure like organelles, it consists of several components and structures that contribute to its overall organization and function. Here's an overview of the main components and structures within the cytoplasm:
The cytosol, also known as the cytoplasmic matrix, is the semi-fluid, gel-like substance that surrounds and supports the organelles within the cell. It is primarily composed of water, dissolved ions, organic molecules, and various proteins. The cytosol is where many metabolic pathways occur, and it serves as a medium for cellular transport and diffusion of molecules.
Within the cytoplasm, various membrane-bound organelles are dispersed. These organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and others, depending on the type of cell. Each organelle has specific functions and contributes to various cellular processes.
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HELP FAST!!!!
The diagram below shows an undisturbed rock.
A rock sample is shown with four layers marked A, B, C, D from top to bottom.
Which of the following is true about the fossil found in layer B?
It is the oldest among fossils in all other layers.
It is the youngest among fossils in all other layers.
It has more similarity to fossils in layer A than layer D.
It has more similarity to fossils in layer D than layer C.
It has more similarity to fossils in layer A than layer D.
Answer:
If the rock samples obtained are in the order A-B-C-D from top to the bottom then fossil found in layer B has more similarity to fossil in layer A than layer D.
Explanation:
To estimate the age of fossil we try to determine the age of rock from where the fossil was obtained. The deeper the rock layer, older the fossil would be. Here in the question the most deepest layer of rock is D which means the fossil remains obtained here would be the oldest and can be considered as the ancestor of other the fossils obtained in the layers above it.
The top most layer is A, which is the most recent layer and would contain fossil remains of most recently fossilized animal. Fossils obtained from adjacent layers are expected to have more similarities than the ones obtained from distant layers. Since rock layer B is more closer to A, it will have the fossils with more similarities to fossils in layer A than in layer D.
1.how does chemical weathering change rock? Provide examples
2.what kinds of rocks weather most rapidly?
3.why is weathering slow in cold ,dry places ?
how do the bees pollinate
By capturing the pollen on their feet as they land on each new plant
Bees pollinate by collecting pollen or nectar from flowers, which sticks to their fuzzy bodies and gets transferred to other flowers as they move from one to another, assisting in the reproduction of many plants.
Bees, particularly species like bumblebees and honeybees, play a crucial role in pollination, which is vital for many garden plants and commercial fruit trees. As bees cannot perceive the color red, they are attracted to flowers with hues of blue, yellow, and other colors. These flowers typically have a tubular shape, bright colors, a pleasant aroma, and a nectar guide to efficiently direct bees to the center. The process begins when a bee lands on a flower to collect energy-rich pollen or nectar, essential for their sustenance and energy needs. When the bee enters the flower, the pollen adheres to its fuzzy body. The next time the bee visits another flower, some of this pollen is transferred to the second flower, resulting in pollination. However, a worrying trend has emerged with the declining population of honeybees, which could have dire consequences for pollination and, consequently, food production.
Many types of animals have internal skeletons. A large part of these animals' masses is located in their bones. As an animal grows, its skeleton grows. A growing animal must increase the size of its bones. To do this, the animal needs lots of calcium, an element important to the structure of bones. How can a growing animal get calcium to make new bone tissue?
A. by removing calcium from its bones B. by making calcium from other elements C. by consuming food that contains calcium D. by removing calcium from the air
To get calcium to make new bone tissue, a growing animal can consume food that contains calcium.
Explanation:To get calcium to make new bone tissue, a growing animal can consume food that contains calcium. Dietary calcium is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the bones through the bloodstream. This calcium is then used to build new bone tissue as the animal grows.
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A growing animal obtains the calcium needed for new bone tissue predominantly through the consumption of calcium-rich foods. Other methods such as removing calcium from its own bones or the air, or making calcium from other elements are not viable ways for most animal species.
Explanation:An increasing animal can acquire calcium, a critical element for the growth of their bones, primarily through the consumption of food that contains calcium. This is option C in the provided choices. When a growing animal, such as a puppy, ingests calcium-rich foods like milk or bone meal, its body can absorb the calcium and incorporate it into the new bone tissue that it's forming. This process allows for growth and development of the skeleton as the animal matures.
Bone formation is a complex process that requires adequate nutrients, of which calcium is very essential. Other mechanisms mentioned in the options, like removing calcium from its own bones (option A), manufacturing calcium from other elements (option B), or removing calcium from the air (option D) are not viable for obtaining calcium in most animal species.
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in Which ways is photosynthesis important to life on earth? Check all that apply
Due to photosynthesis, plants convert Sunlight and Carbon Dioxide into Oxygen. All living things breathe in this gas (Oxygen).
Photosynthesis allows the air and oxygen into the earth and co2 out of the air and into the plants.
Gold is found mostly in igneous or metamorphic rocks. When water acts upon these rocks, gold may be carried and distributed to streams. Which process is responsible for the distribution of gold in this case? A) a biological process B) a metamorphic process C) a sedimentary process D) human activity E) volcanic activity
Answer: A sedimentary process
Answer:
Option (C)
Explanation:
The magma when it comes out to the surface from the greater depth, the magma gets crystallized having the gold in it. These rocks sometimes alter into metamorphic rock due to the extreme pressure-temperature condition. These rocks are affected by the water as it flows over them and over a due course of time, it weathers and erodes the minerals and is carried to some other place. This process of erosion and deposition of minerals is known as the placer deposits.
Thus, Gold is one type of mineral that is distributed by this type of sedimentary process.
Hence, the correct answer is option (C).
Consider the chromosome. Which is indicated by the letter a?
My answer will be that the letter "A" in the chromosome refers to "adenine", which is considered as one of the five nitrogenous bases that are part of the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), which was named in 1885 by Albrecht Kossel.
What is the benefit of using a graph? Select all that apply.
A. visually see the effect of one variable on another
B. easily see outliers in data
C. determine errors with the experimental procedure
D. communicate results
I would say A, B D are the correct answers
AB and D are the correct answers not C
Once the body has begun shivering, what happens to make it stop shivering?
science fusion grade 7
The question pertains to Physics, specifically to concepts related to gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong force, and nuclear fusion. These forces and processes have unique characteristics and roles in the universe. The student is also expected to explore the application of these concepts through creating a scientific model.
Explanation:The information you have provided relates to different laws and concepts in Physics. Let's break them down:
Gravitational Force: This is a force that attracts two objects towards each other. The strength of the gravitational force depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them (spatial scale).Electromagnetic Force: The strength of this force depends on the spatial scale of the situation, the magnitude of electric charges, and their motion. It can attract or repel charges based on their type.Strong Force: This is the force that holds the nucleus in an atom together. It's called 'strong' as it's one of the strongest forces we know of.Nuclear Fusion: This is the process where atomic nuclei come together to form a heavier nucleus. It is the process powering the Sun and stars, as this reaction releases a tremendous amount of energy.It seems like you're also tasked with creating a scientific model of air flow, which is a practical application of the theories you're learning.
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Which of the following is a non-contact force?
Magnetic force
Frictional force
Force applied by a boatman on the oars
Force applied by a table on a book placed on it
which of the following statements best explains the law of independent assortment
Of the following given choices;
Crossing over occurs in metaphase and leads to variation.
Sister chromatids separate in anaphase 2.
Homologous pairs randomly separate in anaphase I.
Non-sister homologs break off and reform on different chromosomes.
The answer is; Homologous pairs randomly separate in anaphase I.
Particular genes, as Medel discovered, were inherited independently from one another while others were inherited together (linked genes). This it was determined that this independence of inheritance of particular genes alleles is due to their location on different chromosomes of the homologous pair. When the sister chromosomes separate during anaphase I of meiosis, the different genes alleles go to separate daughter cells.
What class of enzymes are involved in triggering events in the cell cycle? A) catalases B) kinases C) nulceases D) proteases
Your answer is B) Kanasis
what would happen if glycolysis could not happen in a cell?
If Glycolysis stopped happening in the cell, the cell would not likely produce ATP molecules and in the same time, the Krebs cycle will not function without it. It is because glycolysis is the one responsible for enzyme breakdown and releasing energy which is important for krebs cycle and for atp molecules to be produced.
What is the product of glycolysis?Glycolysis occurs in nearly all living cells or organisms.
Glucose provides most of the energy used/produced by cells.
Glucose is the principal source and is mainly used in glycolysis for the production of energy for cellular metabolism.
Glycosis helps to process glucose to pyruvate in many cellular respiration procedures.
In the presence of oxygen, one glucose molecule has the energy to make up to 38 ATP.
The ATP production is determined by the following steps, (-2 ATP) glycolysis preparatory phase, (7-9 ATP) glycolysis pay-off phase, (5 ATP) oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and (20 ATP) Krebs cycle. One glucose which has 38 ATP hence was the summation of all the process mentioned that took place.
All these processes take place under the cellular function of cellular respiration.
Thus, glycolysis is the one responsible for enzyme breakdown and releasing energy which is important for Krebs cycle and for atp molecules to be produced.
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which change in the atmosphere appears to contribute to global warming
More co2 which can cause “holes” in the earths atmosphere causing the suns radiation to come through.
The characteristics of two layers of Earth’s crust are listed.
Layer A: Made of iron and nickel and responsible for Earth’s magnetic field
Layer B: Made mostly of solid iron
Which statement is true?
Layer A is the crust and Layer B is the mantle.
Layer A is the mantle and Layer B is the crust.
Layer A is the outer core and Layer B is the inner core.
Layer A is the inner core and Layer B is the outer core.
The statement that is true is the third statement: Layer A is the outer core and Layer B is the inner core.
Answer:
Option C, Layer A is the outer core and Layer B is the inner core.
Explanation:
The core of earth consists of two parts - outer core and inner core
The inner core of earth is made up of iron which exits at a high temperature equivalent to temperature of sun. The pressure at this layer is extremely high and thus the metal in this part of earth's core does not convert into liquid.
While the outer core is made up of iron, nickel and other metals (in trace amount). As the pressure in this part of earth’s core is comparatively lower than that of inner core ,the metals exists in fluid form.
Thus, option C is correct
What type of seashore has the most diversity
The correct answer is: rocky seashore.
A rocky seashore is an area (an exposed or sheltered area) of the seacoasts where solid rock predominates, (it also have boulders and pebbles). Rocky seashores are rich environments, meaning that many plants and animals are adapted to live in such habitat. It is challenging place to live, because of the continual cycle of changing tides.
true or false: cellular respiration maintains the high metobolic rate in animals
A fish fossil is found in a rock. A foot bone and tooth are found in an older layer of the same rock. What can scientists learn from the rock?
A) The area changed from land to water.
B) The area changed from water to land.
C) The area has always been land.
D) The area was once an ocean.
Answer:
The answer is A) The area changed from land to water
Explanation:
I hope it help you a lot :)
please help Question 1 (20 points)
Newton's ____________ Law of of motion states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Question 1 options:
1st
2nd
3rd
none
Question 2 (20 points)
2. Air is forced from the bottom of a rocket and its liftoff. The force causing the rocket to liftoff is a(n)?
Question 2 options:
reaction force
combined force
action force
none of the above
Question 3 (20 points)
3. Equal and opposite forces that act on an object are called?
Question 3 options:
dual forces
balanced forces
unbalanced forces
ground forces
Question 4 (20 points)
4. An example of an action and reaction is sitting on a chair. Your body pushes down on the chair because of the force of ______________________. and the chair pushes up on your body with an equal force (normal force)
Question 4 options:
inertia
gravity
friction
none of the above
Question 5 (20 points)
5. Action and reaction always act on the same object.
Question 5 options:
True
False
Newton's 3rd Law. Combined force. Dual forces. Gravity. False.
Which process transfers heat from a hot pavement to a person sitting on it?
the answer is conduction - the transfer of heat to an object through contact
What reaction fuels the burning of the sun?
Answer:
Nuclear fusion reaction
Explanation:
The nuclear fusion process refers to the condition when two nuclei of smaller atoms are combined with one another to form a heavy nucleus, resulting in a large amount of energy.
This process takes place extensively in the core of the sun that helps the sun in burning, releasing a significant amount of heat energy.
This fusion reaction emits photons of higher energy, which are commonly known as the gamma rays, and it subsequently travels through the radiative layer of the sun that surrounds its core.
The reaction of nuclear fusion thereby results in the conversion of hydrogen into helium as well as helps in the conversion of mass into energy.
where are the proteins for a cell mode?
A. Mitochondria
B. Cytoplasm
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosomes
Answer Quickly and help:(
Im pretty sure its A. Mitochondria
Which change of state occurs at 100 °C when heat energy has been added to liquid water?
A. boiling
B. melting
C. freezing
D. condensing
A. Boiling
Boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius
I hope that helps u! :)
The answer is A. boiling because 100⁰ Celsius converts to 212⁰ Fahrenheit, and water boils at 212⁰F
A pack of wolves in a natural preserve has a population growth rate of x. Which of the following formulas will allow you to estimate the pack’s doubling time? A) x/100 B) 70 - 2x C) 70/x D) 70 - x/100
The correct answer is C) 70/x.
To calculate doubling time, rule of 70 formula is used. For this the annual growth rate of the population is required. In this question growth rate is given x. Thus, doubling time = 70/ growth rate.
Therefore, doubling time = 70/x.
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
Rate of increase in a population is generally written as net population increase in a unit time.
Here "X" represents the growth rate of population of wolves.
Let us assume that X is equal to [tex]23[/tex] wolves per month.
This means that 23 wolves are added every month to the wolves population.
Suppose if we have to derive the time in which the wolves population will increase to any number let us say "Y"
Then , time required will be equal to
[tex]\frac{Y}{X}[/tex]
That means X will be denominator in a mathematical expression.
Thus, option C is correct
Which of the following is the best example of a way human lifestyles affect environmental systems?
Using radioactive materials causes ground pollution as it causes methane to seep into the ground.
Burning fossil fuels causes water pollution by decreasing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.
Deforestation causes acid rain by decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.
Using aerosols that contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) decreases the amount of protective ozone (O3).
Answer:
Using aerosols that contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) decreases the amount of protective ozone (O3).
Explanation:
Let's talk about available options and how can they be true or false:
If we talk about option A, it says that radioactive materials cause the addition of methane in ground. As we know that methane is a gas that is present in the atmosphere since its lighter nature. Therefore, the pollution due to methane seeping into the ground do not makes a reasonable cause for pollution.
If we talk about option B, it says that Burning fossil fuels causes water pollution, as we know that burning of fossil fuels is a serious cause of air pollution because it increases the amount of harmful gases in the air. But in option, it is mentioned that fossil fuels cause water pollution which again is not a reasonable cause.
If we talk about option C, it says that deforestation causes acid rain by decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. However in actual deforestation in the cause of enhanced amount of CO2 emissions which in turn cause the acid rainfall. Therefore, the option is clearly wrong.
If we talk about option D, it says that aerosols that contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) decreases the amount of protective ozone (O3). As we know that aerosol sprays are the leading cause of damaging ozone layer and causing big holes in it therefore there is a lot of focus now adays by environmentalists to minimize their usage.
Hence D is correct option.
Hope it help!
Answer:
The Answer is D. Using aerosols that contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) decreases the amount of protective ozone (O3).
Hope This Helps!
the science is classifying organisms is called _______.
A) anthropology
B) taxonomy
C) botany
D) genetics
Taxonomy
Hope That Helps!
The answer is B which is taxonomy