A species becoming dependent on another species is

If we can treat "black and white" as a single allele that is dominant, let's call it B. "Brown and white" as a recessive single allele can be represented  as genotype b. Because offspring were both brown and black, we know both parents must have a b allele, and at least one must have a B allele.

A genotype is the total set of heritable genes which is  transferred from parents to offspring;

These genes involve in encoding specific features and the characteristics can be physically expressed in an organism called as phenotype.

In a complete Punnett square for two heterozygous parents, we get results of 25% homozygous dominant (BB), 50% heterozygous (Bb), and 25% homozygous recessive (bb). In terms of phenotype, 75% of offspring would be black and white, and 25% brown and white.

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The efficiency of energy transfer in a food chain is only about 10% due to the energy loss in the form of heat at each trophic level, which is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. As a result, after a limited number of energy transfers, there's not enough energy left to support another trophic level, limiting the length of food chains.

The transfer of energy in a food chain is usually only about 10 percent efficient due to the second law of thermodynamics, which accounts for the loss of energy at each trophic level. This loss comes in the form of heat during the metabolic processes of organisms, such as respiration. An organism, for instance, only utilizes a small fraction of its consumed energy to do work or grow, with the majority lost as heat or stored as fat.

The concept of Trophic Level Transfer Efficiency (TLTE) serves to quantify this phenomenon. Taking the Silver Springs ecosystem as an example, the available energy from the primary producers (7,618 kcal/m²/yr) to the primary consumers resulted in the magnitude of 1,103 kcal/m²/yr, with the rest lost as heat or employed in respiration. Another related concept is the net primary productivity, which comprises the energy that remains in the primary producers after accounting for their individual energy requirements and heat loss.

Due to the successive energy losses at each trophic level, after a certain number of energy transfers, there is not enough energy remaining in the food chain to support another level. This principle explains the limited length of food chains in most ecosystems.

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The right option is; climate change

Mount Tambora in Indonesia erupted and caused the "Year without a Summer." Over 100,000 people died from starvation because of the resulting climate change.

Mount Tambora is situated on the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia. The destructive eruption of Mount Tambora occurred in 1815, and there was release of large amounts of ash, aerosols, pumice and other rocks into the atmosphere. This event influenced the climate and causes intense weather and harvest failures in many parts around the world. Over 100,000 people perished from famine and diseases, because crops could not grow in those regions.

Answer:

The correct answer is: 6 molecules of carbon dioxide are required in order to produce 1 molecule of glucose.

Glucose is synthesized in light-independent phase of the photosynthesis by cyclic process called Calvin cycle.

It takes place in the chloroplast and utilize ATP and NADPH produced in light-dependent phase of the photosynthesis.

Calvin cycle is divided into three parts: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration.

The cycle fixes 1 molecule of carbon per rotation. In addition, it requires 3 ATP and 2 NADPH in a single turn.

The cycle turns 6 times to produce one molecule of glucose. Hence, it requires 6 CO₂, 18 ATP, and 12 NADPH to fix one molecule of glucose.

The answer is A. Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of a species’ habitat. Examplses of abiotic factors are water, moiuntains, wind, rain, temperatuatres, and etcetera. Abiotic factors are significant in an ecosystem because they affect the biotic factors in that they affect their growth and development of organisms in the ecosystem and also their reproduction.

Answer: a / decrease in plant population…….

Explanation: edge 2024

Answer:

It is B.

Explanation:

I just took the test

The answer is D.) Obligate anaerobe.

Answer:

The correct answer would be A. T with A, and C with G

It can be explained with the help of complementary base pairing.

In DNA,  thymine (T) always forms a base pair with adenine (A) and cytosine (C) always base pairs with guanine (G) .

There are two hydrogen bonds present in between A and T and three hydrogen bonds in between G and C.

Glycogen and fats are used by animals to store energy, while plants use starches like amylose and amylopectin. Glycogen is found primarily in liver and muscle cells, and fats deliver a dense energy supply. Starch provides an accessible energy source for the less dynamic energy requirements of plants.

Glycogen is the energy storage compound found in animals, and starch is the energy storage compound of plants. Animals use glycogen and fats, including oils and triglycerides, as their primary sources of stored energy. Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose and is especially prevalent in liver and muscle cells for quick energy release. Fats, including oils and triglycerides, offer animals a dense energy source due to the high energy content of fatty acids (R-COOH) present in the fat molecules.

On the other hand, plants use starch molecules, such as amylose and amylopectin, for energy storage. Starches are less complex than animal polysaccharides and are suitable for the less dynamic energy needs of plants. When plants need to use this stored energy, they hydrolyze the starch back into glucose units to fuel their metabolic processes.

No machine can operate at 100 percent efficiency because some of the energy input will always be used to overcome the force of gravity and the effects of friction and air resistance. Even an optimally tuned engine heats up eventually, and that heat is thermal energy being lost. So C. will be your Best answer.

In the case when all the glucose energy should be released so the energy should be losted. The explanation regarding the gradual process should be explained below.

In the case when all the glucose energy should be released so the energy should be lost in terms of light and heat. Since this harms or destroyed the cell. Moreover, the process of cellular respiration should permit the cell for controlling the energy realization into the ATP package form that should be used in an efficient manner with respect to the cell activities.

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After Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it binds with Troponin C, alters its shape and removes the tropomyosin from the binding site. Then, the myosin head binds to the exposed active sites of actin to form cross-bridges.

The right answer is C. (non sens mutation are the most harmful)

In genetics, a nonsense mutation is a point mutation in which a nucleotide of a codon is changed, inducing the replacement of a codon encoding an amino acid (UGU, cystein) by a stop codon (UGA). The resulting protein, truncated and therefore incomplete (because the translation ends prematurely, and therefore we will have a truncated protein), is generally non-functional.

Newly formed skin cells, like all human somatic cells, would have 46 chromosomes.

The chromosomes are in each newly formed skin cell after an injury, such as a cut on the arm. In humans, somatic cells, which include skin cells, are generally diploid, meaning they contain a full set of chromosomes - one set from each parent, totalling 46 chromosomes. When your skin begins to heal after a cut and new skin cells are formed, these cells undergo a process called mitosis, which is how somatic cells divide to generate new cells identical to the original one. Therefore, each newly formed skin cell would also have 46 chromosomes.