Answer:
The new volume is 1.62 L
Explanation:
Boyle's law says:
"The volume occupied by a given gas mass at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure." It is expressed mathematically as:
Pressure * Volume = constant
o P * V = k
Charles's law is a law that says that when the amount of gas and pressure are kept constant, the ratio between volume and temperature will always have the same value:
[tex]\frac{V}{T}=k[/tex]
Gay-Lussac's law indicates that when there is a constant volume, as the temperature increases, the gas pressure increases. And when the temperature is decreased, the gas pressure decreases. So this law indicates that the quotient between pressure and temperature is constant.
Gay-Lussac's law can be expressed mathematically as follows:
[tex]\frac{P}{T}=k[/tex]
Combined law equation is the combination of three gas laws called Boyle's, Charlie's and Gay-Lusac's law.
[tex]\frac{P*V}{T}=k[/tex]
Having an initial state 1 and a final state 2 it is possible to say that:
[tex]\frac{P1*V1}{T1} =\frac{P2*V2}{T2}[/tex]
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) indicate pressure conditions P = 1 atm and temperature T = 0 ° C = 273 ° K. Then:
P1= 1 atmV1= 1.2 LT1= 273 °KP2= 0.80 atmV2= ?T2= 21°C= 294 °KReplacing:
[tex]\frac{1 atm* 1.2 L}{273K} =\frac{0.8 atm*V2}{294K}[/tex]
Solving:
[tex]V2=\frac{1 atm*1.2 L}{273 K} *\frac{294 K}{0.8 atm}[/tex]
V2= 1.62 L
The new volume is 1.62 L
A 75.0-mLmL volume of 0.200 MM NH3NH3 (Kb=1.8×10−5Kb=1.8×10−5) is titrated with 0.500 MM HNO3HNO3. Calculate the pHpH after the addition of 13.0 mLmL of HNO3
Answer:
The pH is [tex]pH = 9.4[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The volume of [tex]NH_3[/tex] is [tex]V_N = 75mL = 75 *10^{-3} L[/tex]
The concentration of [tex]NH_3[/tex] is [tex]C_N = 0.200M[/tex]
The concentration of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] is [tex]C_H = 0.500 M[/tex]
The volume of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] added is [tex]V_H = 13mL = 13 *10^{-3 } L[/tex]
The base dissociation constant is [tex]K_b = 1.8*10^{-5}[/tex]
The number of moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] that was titrated can be mathematically represented as
[tex]n__{H}} = C_H * V_H[/tex]
substituting values
[tex]n__{H}} = 0.500* 13*10^{-3}[/tex]
[tex]n__{H}} = 0.0065 \ moles[/tex]
The number of moles of [tex]NH_3[/tex] that was titrated can be mathematically represented as
[tex]n__{N}} = C_N * V_N[/tex]
substituting values
[tex]n__{N}} = 0.200 * 75*10^{-3}[/tex]
[tex]n__{N}} = 0.015 \ mole[/tex]
So from the calculation above the limited reactant is [tex]HNO_3[/tex]
The chemical equation for this reaction is
[tex]NH_3 + HNO_3 ------> NH^{4+} + NO^{3+}[/tex]
From the chemical reaction
1 mole of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] is titrated with 1 mole of[tex]NH_3[/tex] to produce 1 mole of NH^{4+}
So
0.0065 moles of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] is titrated with 0.0065 mole of [tex]NH_3[/tex] to produce 0.0065 mole of [tex]NH^{4+}[/tex]
So
The remaining moles of [tex]NH_3[/tex] after the titration is
[tex]n = n__{N}} - n__{H}}[/tex]
=> [tex]n = 0.015 - 0.0065[/tex]
[tex]n = 0.0085 \ moles[/tex]
Now according to Henderson-Hasselbalch equation the pH of the reaction is mathematically represented as
[tex]pH = pK_a + log [\frac{NH_3}{NH^{4+}} ][/tex]
Where [tex]pK_b[/tex] is mathematically represented as
[tex]pK_a = -log K_a[/tex]
Now [tex]K_a = \frac{K_w}{K_b}[/tex]
Where [tex]K_w[/tex] is the ionization constant of [tex]NH_3[/tex] with value [tex]K_w = 1.0*10^{-14}[/tex]
Hence [tex]K_a = \frac{1.0*10^{-14}}{1.8 *10^{-5}}[/tex]
[tex]K_a = 5.556 * 10^{-10}[/tex]
Substituting this into the equation
[tex]pH = -log K_a + log [\frac{NH_3}{NH^{4+}} ][/tex]
[tex]pH = log [\frac{\frac{NH_3}{NH^{4+}} }{K_a} ][/tex]
substituting values
[tex]pH = log [\frac{\frac{0.0085}{0.0065} }{5.556*10^{-10}} ][/tex]
[tex]pH = 9.4[/tex]
Measurements show that the enthalpy of a mixture of gaseous reactants decreases by 162. kJ during a certain chemical reaction, which is carried out at a constant pressure. Furthermore, by carefully monitoring the volume change it is determined that -194. kJ of work is done on the mixture during the reaction. a.Calculate the change in energy of the gas mixture during the reaction. Round your answer to 3 significant digits b. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?
Answer:
= -356KJ
therefore, the reaction where heat is released is exothermic reaction since theΔH is negative
Explanation:
given that enthalpy of gaseous reactants decreases by 162KJ and workdone is -194KJ
then,
change in enthalpy (ΔH) = -162( released energy)
work(w) = -194KJ
change in enthalpy is said to be negative if the heat is evolved during the reaction while heat change(ΔH) is said to be positive if the heat required for the reaction occurs.
At constant pressure the change in enthalpy is given as
ΔH = ΔU + PΔV
ΔU = change in energy
ΔV = change in volume
P = pressure
w = -pΔV
therefore,
ΔH = ΔU -W
to evaluate energy change we have,
ΔU =ΔH + W
ΔU = -162+ (-194KJ)
= -356KJ
therefore, the reaction where heat is released is exothermic reaction since theΔH is negative
Final answer:
The change in energy of the gas mixture during the reaction is 32 kJ. The reaction is exothermic because it releases heat to the surroundings as indicated by the negative enthalpy change.
Explanation:
To calculate the change in energy of the gas mixture during the reaction, we use the formula for change in internal energy (ΔU) at constant pressure:
ΔU = ΔH - PΔV
where ΔH is the change in enthalpy and PΔV is the work done on or by the system. Given that the enthalpy of the system decreases by 162 kJ and the work done on the system is -194 kJ, we can substitute these values into the equation:
ΔU = -162 kJ - (-194 kJ)
ΔU = -162 kJ + 194 kJ
ΔU = 32 kJ
Therefore, the change in energy of the gas mixture during the reaction is 32 kJ. The reaction can be classified as exothermic since the enthalpy decreases (ΔH is negative), which means heat is released by the system to the surroundings.
A 3-column table with 4 rows. The first column labeled Scenario has entries A, B, C, D. The second column labeled Object 1 has entries lotion at 26 degrees Celsius, lasagna at 170 degrees Celsius, ocean water at 25 degrees Celsius, eggs at 2 degrees Celsius. The third column labeled Object 2 has entries skin at 37 degrees Celsius, plate at 20 degrees Celsius, lava 950 degrees Celsius, sidewalk at 80 degrees Celsius.
Indicate the direction of heat flow in each scenario.
Scenario A:
Scenario B:
Scenario C:
Scenario D:
The direction of heat flow in each scenario will be:
Scenario A = toward object 1Scenario B = toward object 2Scenario C = toward object 1Scenario D = toward object 1What is heat transfer?It should be noted that heat transfer means the transfer of heat from a location to another.
It is the process in which the molecules are moved from a region of higher temperature to that of a lower temperature.
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Answer:
It Is Scenario D.
Explanation:
How is the Gobi Desert different from the Sahara Desert
Explanation: The Gobi actually gets snow and frost! ... The Sahara is also seven times larger, taking up half a continent: Almost ten million square kilometres, compared to only 1.3 million for the Gobi. Both are expanding, though; the Gobi is gaining another 3.5 thousand square km a year, and the Sahara a commensurate amount
Answer:
I have the same question same
Explanation:
A cell is set up with copper and lead electrodes in contact with CuSO4(aq) and Pb(NO3)2(aq), respectively, at 25°C. The standard reduction potentials are Pb2+ + 2e–? Pb E° = –0.13 V Cu2+ + 2e–? Cu E° = +0.34 V
If sulfuric acid is added to the Pb(NO3)2 solution, forming a precipitate of PbSO4, the cell potential
a. It is impossible to tell what will happen.
b. decreases.
c. is unchanged.
d. increases.
Answer:
increases
Explanation:
Now look at the matter closely. Given the values of electrode potential stated in the question, one can see that lead will function as the anode and copper as the cathode since lead has a more negative electrode potential.
This implies that at the anode, the half reaction going on is this;
Pb(s) -------> Pb^2+(aq) + 2e.
There will be a build up of Pb^2+ in the anode compartment. The addition of H2SO4 and formation of PbSO4 favours the removal of the Pb^2+ ions;
Pb^2+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) -------> PbSO4(s)
As this continues, Pb^2+ concentration begins to decrease, in order to maintain equilibrium, more Pb^2+ is formed thereby increasing the current and voltage flowing in the cell as more electrons are transferred from anode to cathode(more current flows).
In the case when the sulfuric acid is added to the Pb(NO3)2 solution increases so the cell potential is increased.
Impact on cell potential:Here the anode and copper treated as the cathode because it contains more negative electrode potential. Due to this, it should be half reaction
Pb(s) -------> Pb^2+(aq) + 2e.
Also, there should be the addition of H2SO4 and creation of the PbSO4 that eliminates the Pb^2+ ions.
So,
Pb^2+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) -------> PbSO4(s)
Here the concentration of Pb^2+ should reduced for maintaining the equilibrium.
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Consider the following scenario
You are the manager of a chemical stockroom, and find a bottle containing approximately one liter of a clear and colorless solution of unknown identity and concentration. Your only clue to its identity is that it was found between bottles of silver fluoride and sodium fluoride, so it is likely an aqueous solution of one of those two compounds. You will need to develop a procedure to determine the following:
a) The identity of the unknown solution
b) The concentration of the unknown solution
Write out a precise procedure, which includes all glassware, reagents, and steps. You will also need to write the calculations that you would need to determine the concentration of the solution. Assume that you have access to all of the equipment that you used in the chemistry lab this semester and any reagent you might need. To complete this assignment, consider both the techniques learned in lab and the information learned in lecture.
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
Going by the clues that it is between Silver Flouride (AgF) and Sodium Fluoride (NaF) and since it is an aqueous solution , the 1 liter bottle is likely to be Sodium Chloride( NaCl). Going by the reaction,
AgF + NaCl= AgCl + NaF
Here, the color of AgCl is white, hence the solution cannot be AgCl.
Determination of NaCl
Determination of NaCl can be done by Mohr's Method or Volhard's method. But results in Volhard's method are more accurate . Its uses the method of back titration with Potassium Thiocynate which forms a AgCl precipitate . Prior to titration,excess AgNO3 ( The problem also has a clue that excess reagents are present in the lab ) is added to the NaCl solution so that all the Cl- ions react with Ag+. Fe3+ is then added as an indicator and the solution is titrated with KSCN to form a silver thiocyannite precipitate (AgSCN). Once all the silver has reacted, a slight excess of SCN- reacts with Fe3+ to form Fe(SCN)3 dark red complex. The concentration of Cl- is determined by subtracting the titer findings of Ag+ ions that reacted to form AgSCN from the Ag NO3 moles added to the solution. This is used because pH of the solution is acidic. If the pH of solution is basic, Mohr's method is used.
Reactions
Ag+ (aq)+ Cl-(aq) = AgCl(aq)
Ag+(aq) + SCN-(aq) = AgSCN(aq)
Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) = [FeSCN]2- (aq)
Write a balanced net ionic equation to show why the solubility of NiCO3 (s) increases in the presence of a strong acid and calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction of this sparingly soluble salt with acid. Consider only the FIRST STEP in the reaction with strong acid. Use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s). + + + K =
Final answer:
The solubility of NiCO3 increases in the presence of a strong acid due to the neutralization reaction that occurs. The balanced net ionic equation for this reaction is NiCO3 (s) + 2H+ (aq) → Ni2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l). The equilibrium constant for the reaction can be considered as the solubility product constant (Ksp) for NiCO3, which is 1.36 x 10^-7.
Explanation:
The solubility of NiCO3 (s) increases in the presence of a strong acid due to the neutralization reaction that occurs. When a strong acid is added, it provides H+ ions which react with the carbonate ions of NiCO3 to form carbonic acid, H2CO3. Carbonic acid is unstable and decomposes into water and carbon dioxide, causing more NiCO3 to dissolve.
The balanced net ionic equation for this reaction is:
NiCO3 (s) + 2H+ (aq) → Ni2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
As for calculating the equilibrium constant, since the question only asks for the first step in the reaction with the strong acid, the equilibrium constant can be considered to be the solubility product constant (Ksp) for NiCO3. The solubility product constant is given as Ksp = 1.36 x 10-7 for NiCO3.
Which of these substances is the least acidic? solution A, pOH = 1.5 solution B, pOH = 7.0 solution C, pOH = 13.5
Which system starts the process of breathing?
A. nervous
B. muscular
C. circulatory
Answer:
your nervous system C:
Answer:
It would be C.
(Circulatory)
Explanation:
Breathing starts when you inhale air into your nose or mouth. It travels down the back of your throat and into your windpipe, which is divided into air passages called bronchial tubes. For your lungs to perform their best, these airways need to be open. Knowing that it all starts from the inside is what you should remember.
I hope this helps. :)You are given 1.000 grams of hydrated Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4*XH20). You place it into a crucible and heat it up past 100 C so that the water evaporates from the hydrated salt. Once you are done, the mass of the dry anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate is 0.488 grams.
How many molecules of water are attached to each atom of Magnesium?
Answer:
There would be seven mols of water per every mol of MgSO4.
Explanation:
To find out how many molecules of water are attached to each atom of Magnesium in the hydrated Magnesium Sulfate, we can calculate the number of moles of water lost during heating. From there, we can use the mole ratio in the formula of the hydrated salt to determine the number of water molecules attached to each atom of Magnesium.
Explanation:To determine how many molecules of water are attached to each atom of Magnesium, we need to calculate the ratio of the mass of water to the mass of the anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate.
From the given information, the mass of the hydrated Magnesium Sulfate is 1.000 grams and the mass of the anhydrous Magnesium Sulfate is 0.488 grams. Therefore, the mass of water lost during heating is 1.000 grams - 0.488 grams = 0.512 grams.
To convert grams of water to molecules, we can use Avogadro's number. The molar mass of water is 18.015 g/mol. So, the number of moles of water lost is 0.512 grams / 18.015 g/mol = 0.0284 moles.
Next, we can calculate the number of molecules of water using the mole ratio between water and Magnesium Sulfate in the formula of the hydrated salt. The formula is MgSO4 * XH20, where X represents the number of water molecules. Assuming the formula is MgSO4 * 7H20, the mole ratio is 1:7. Therefore, the number of water molecules attached to each atom of Magnesium is 0.0284 moles * 7 = 0.199 moles. Now, we multiply this by Avogadro's number to get the number of molecules, which is 0.199 moles * 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol = 1.20 x 10^23 molecules of water.
Which headings should be used to complete this table?
A. ether (left column); ester (right column)
B. ketone (left column); aldehyde (right column)
C. alkyl halide (left column); amine (right column)
D. alcohol (left column); carboxylic acid (right column)
Headings that should be used is alkyl halide (left column); amine (right column).
What are Organic Compounds?Chemical compounds in which carbon atoms are covalently linked to the other compounds like nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen.Ether, Ester, Ketone, Aldehyde, Alkyl halide, Amine, Alcohol are some of the examples.Given: organic compounds
According to the table:
Left Column:
R-X, (X = F, Cl, Br, I) are the alkyl halide.
Alkyl halides are used as an organic solvent.
Right Column:
R-NH₂ are the amines.
Amines are the weak bases, they are used in many biochemical processes and they have foul smell.
Therefore, headings that should be used to complete the given table will be alkyl halide (left column); amine (right column).
Hence, option (C) is correct.
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Answer:
ether (left column); ester (right column)
ketone (left column); aldehyde (right column)
alkyl halide (left column); amine (right column)
alcohol (left column); carboxylic acid (right column)
Explanation:
For a redox reaction to occur, there must be a transfer of *
A. protons
B. neutrons
C. electrons
D. ions
Answer:
The answer is C.
Explanation:
Oxidation and Reduction are determine by the transfer of electrons .
Does the hydrogen molecule obey the octet rule?
Explanation:
Hydrogen does not obey the octet rule. Boron does not always
obey the octet rule and in fact forms Lewis acids such as BF3 which
only has 6 electrons.
The activation energy of an uncatalyzed reaction is 70 kJ/mol. When a catalyst is added, the activation energy (at 20 °C) is 42 kJ/mol. Theoretically, to what temperature (°C) would one have to heat the solution so that the rate of the uncatalyzed reaction is equal to the rate of the catalyzed reaction at 20 °C? Assume the frequency factor A is constant, and assume the initial concentrations are the same.
Answer:
T = 215.33 °C
Explanation:
The activation energy is given by the Arrhenius equation:
[tex] k = Ae^{\frac{-Ea}{RT}} [/tex]
Where:
k: is the rate constant
A: is the frequency factor
Ea: is the activation energy
R: is the gas constant = 8.314 J/(K*mol)
T: is the temperature
We have for the uncatalyzed reaction:
Ea₁ = 70 kJ/mol
And for the catalyzed reaction:
Ea₂ = 42 kJ/mol
T₂ = 20 °C = 293 K
The frequency factor A is constant and the initial concentrations are the same.
Since the rate of the uncatalyzed reaction (k₁) is equal to the rate of the catalyzed reaction (k₂), we have:
[tex] k_{1} = k_{2} [/tex]
[tex] Ae^{\frac{-Ea_{1}}{RT_{1}}} = Ae^{\frac{-Ea_{2}}{RT_{2}}} [/tex] (1)
By solving equation (1) for T₁ we have:
[tex]T_{1} = \frac{T_{2}*Ea_{1}}{Ea_{2}} = \frac{293 K*70 kJ/mol}{42 kJ/mol} = 488. 33 K = 215.33 ^\circ C[/tex]
Therefore, we need to heat the solution at 215.33 °C so that the rate of the uncatalyzed reaction is equal to the rate of the catalyzed reaction.
I hope it helps you!
Complete the reaction, which is part of the electron transport chain. The abbreviation FMN represents flavin mononucleotide. Use the appropriate abbreviation for the product.
NADH + H^+ + FMN ⟶
The reactant that is reduced is_________ .
In complex III, electrons are transferred from coenzyme Q to cytochrome c, which contains iron.
QH2 + 2cyt c ( Fe3+) ⟶ Q + 2cyt c(Fex) + 2H^+
Determine the oxidation number for iron on the right side of the reaction arrow.
Answer:
1. NADH + H⁺ + FMN + Q ⟶ NAD⁺ + FMN + QH₂
2. The reactant that is reduced is Q
3. The charge on iron on the right side is +2, Fe²⁺
Explanation:
NADH + H⁺ + FMN + Q ⟶ NAD⁺ + FMN + QH₂
The reaction above is catalysed by NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex 1), which transfers a hydride ion from NADH to FMN, from which two electrons pass through a series of of Fe-S centers to the iron-sulfur protein N-2. Electron transfer from N-2 to Ubiquinone forms QH₂
The species in a reaction which gains hydrogen irons is reduced, Therefore, the reactant that is reduced is Q, ubiquinone to form QH₂, ubiquinol.
To determine the oxidation number of iron on the right side of the reaction below,
QH2 + 2cyt c ( Fe3+) ⟶ Q + 2cyt c(Fex) + 2H^+
Sum of charges on the left side = Sum of charges on the right side
Sum of charges on the left side = 2 *+3 = +6
Therefore 2 * x + 2= 6
2x = 6 -2 = 4
x = 4/
x = 2
Therefore the charge on iron on the right side is +2, Fe²⁺
Which of the following is a property of a base?
A
taste sour
(B
slippery feel
(c produces hydrogen gas when reacting with a metal
D
produces carbon dioxide when reacting with carbonates
Answer:
produces carbon dioxide when reacting with carbonates
The small bags of silica gel you often see in a new shoe box are placed there to control humidity. Despite its name, silica gel is a solid. It is a chemically inert, highly porous, amorphous form of SiO2. Water vapor readily adsorbs onto the surface of silica gel, so it acts as a desiccant. Despite not knowing mechanistic details of the adsorption of water onto silica gel, from the information provided, you should be able to make an educated guess about the thermodynamic characteristics of the process. Predict the signs of ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS. Predict the sign of ΔG. ΔG = 0 ΔG < 0 ΔG > 0 Predict the sign of ΔH. ΔH < 0 ΔH > 0 ΔH = 0 Predict the sign of ΔS. ΔS > 0 ΔS < 0 ΔS = 0
Answer:
The sign of \Delta GΔG is negative.
The sign of \Delta HΔH is negative.
The sign of \Delta SΔS is negative.
Explanation:
The water vapor is adsorbed on silica gel due to strong hydrophilicity of silica get towards the water.
The thermodynamic properties of adsorbate and adsorbent changes after adsorption. Silica gel is very porous and hydrophilic, thus, it absorbs the water from the shoe box.
The adsorption process occurs spontaneously, therefore Delta G < 0.
When adsorption occurs, bonds are formed between water molecules and SiO2, and the bond formation process is exothermic (heat is released).
Thus, Delta H < 0.
The water molecules become immobilized on the surface when adsorption occurs, thus, entropy/disorder decreases.
So, Delta S < 0.
1. A cylinder of gas has a pressure of 4.40 atm at 25°C. At what temperature in °C
will it reach a pressure of 6.50 atm? Answer 167°C.
Answer: The final temperature in °C is 167
Explanation:
To calculate the final temperature of the system, we use the equation given by Gay lussac's Law. This law states that pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant volume.
Mathematically,
[tex]\frac{P_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2}{T_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]P_1\text{ and }T_1[/tex] are the initial pressure and temperature of the gas.
[tex]P_2\text{ and }T_2[/tex] are the final pressure and temperature of the gas.
We are given:
[tex]P_1=4.40atm\\T_1=25^oC=(25+273)K=298K\\P_2=6.50atm\\T_2=?[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\frac{4.40}{298}=\frac{6.50}{T_2}\\\\T_2=440K=(440-273)^0C=167^0C[/tex]
Thus the final temperature in °C is 167
To determine at what temperature a gas cylinder will reach 6.50 atm pressure from 4.40 atm at 25°C, we use Gay-Lussac's Law and find that the temperature is 167°C.
We can solve this problem using Gay-Lussac's Law, which states that for a given mass and constant volume of an ideal gas, the pressure is directly proportional to its temperature.
The formula for Gay-Lussac's Law is:
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Where:
P1 is the initial pressureT1 is the initial temperature in KelvinP2 is the final pressureT2 is the final temperature in KelvinFirst, we need to convert the initial temperature into Kelvin:
T1 (in Kelvin) = 25°C + 273 = 298 K
Now, we rearrange the equation to solve for T2:
T2 = (P2 × T1) / P1
Substitute the known values into the formula:
T2 = (6.50 atm × 298 K) / 4.40 atm
T2 ≈ 440 K
Finally, convert the temperature back to Celsius:
T2 (in °C) = 440 K - 273 = 167°C
Therefore, the temperature at which the gas will reach a pressure of 6.50 atm is 167°C.
The major product of reacting the molecule above with sodium cyanide in di-methyl formamide (DMF) would be ?
Help please
Answer:
DMF is an aprotic polar solvent.
hence CN acts as a strong nucleophile in DMF to give SN2 reaction with the reactant resulting into inversion of configuration at stereo centers.
Explanation:
check the attached file for little explanation(diagram)
The correct answer is that the major product of reacting the given molecule with sodium cyanide in di-methyl formamide (DMF) would be the nitrile compound formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ion to the carbonyl carbon of the molecule.
To understand the reaction, let's consider the mechanism step by step:
1. The carbonyl group in the given molecule contains a carbon atom that is electrophilic due to the partial positive charge on it, resulting from the electron-withdrawing effect of the oxygen atom.
2. Sodium cyanide (NaCN) dissociates in the polar aprotic solvent DMF to give free cyanide ions (CN^-). The cyanide ion is a good nucleophile because of the negative charge on the carbon atom.
3. The cyanide ion attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon, leading to the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate.
4. The intermediate then undergoes elimination of a hydroxide ion (OH^-), which is a good leaving group, to form the nitrile.
5. The final product is the nitrile compound, where the carbonyl oxygen has been replaced by the cyanide group.
The reaction can be represented as follows:
In this reaction, R and R' represent the alkyl or aryl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. The product is a nitrile, which has a carbon triple-bonded to a nitrogen (C}\equiv\text{N}), and this is the major product of the reaction under the given conditions.
It is important to note that the reaction conditions, such as the use of a polar aprotic solvent like DMF, favor the formation of the nitrile by stabilizing the transition state and the intermediate, and by not protonating the cyanide ion, which would reduce its nucleophilicity.
The magnesium and calcium ions present in seawater ([Mg2+] = 0.059 M and [Ca2+] = 0.011 M) can be separated by selective precipitation with KOH.
If the concentration of Mg2+ in the solution were 0.039 M, what minimum [OH−] triggers precipitation of the Mg2+ ion? (Ksp=2.06×10−13.)
Answer:
the minimum [OH−] triggers precipitation = 2.3x10^-6 M
Explanation:
Mg2+ + 2OH- --> Mg(OH)2(s)
Ksp = [Mg2+][OH-]^2
(2.06x10^-13) = (0.039*x^2)
x = [OH-] = 2.3*10^-6 M
the minimum [OH−] triggers precipitation = 2.3x10^-6 M
Final answer:
The minimum [OH-] that triggers the precipitation of Mg2+ ion can be calculated using the Ksp value.
Explanation:
The minimum [OH-] that triggers the precipitation of Mg2+ ion can be calculated using the Ksp value. Given that the concentration of Mg2+ in the solution is 0.039 M, and the Ksp value is 2.06×10⁻¹³, the minimum [OH-] can be determined to initiate precipitation.
What are the reactions that allow the conversion of cytosolic NADHNADH into NADPHNADPH during fatty acid biosynthesis? malate+NADP+⟶pyruvate+CO2+NADPHmalate+NADP+⟶pyruvate+CO2+NADPH glucose 6-phosphate+2NADP++H2O⟶ribulose 5-phosphate+2NADPH+2H++CO2glucose 6-phosphate+2NADP++H2O⟶ribulose 5-phosphate+2NADPH+2H++CO2 oxaloacetate+NADH+H+↽−−⇀malate+NAD+oxaloacetate+NADH+H+↽−−⇀malate+NAD+ pyruvate+CO2+ATP+H2O⟶oxaloacetate+ADP+Pi+2H+pyruvate+CO2+ATP+H2O⟶oxaloacetate+ADP+Pi+2H+ What enzymes are required? malic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase glucose 6‑phosphate dehydrogenase malate dehydrogenase What is the sum of these reactions?
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. This as a process usually takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.
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On January 2, 2020, Nash Company purchases a call option for $290 on Merchant common stock. The call option gives Nash the option to buy 1,050 shares of Merchant at a strike price of $51 per share. The market price of a Merchant share is $51 on January 2, 2020 (the intrinsic value is therefore $0). On March 31, 2020, the market price for Merchant stock is $54 per share, and the time value of the option is $210.
Final answer:
A call option is a financial contract that gives the buyer the right to purchase shares of a stock at a predetermined price. The net profit from this call option transaction can be calculated by determining the difference between the market price and the strike price, multiplied by the number of shares.
Explanation:
A call option is a type of financial contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase a specified number of shares of a stock at a predetermined price within a certain time frame. In this case, Nash Company purchased a call option to buy 1,050 shares of Merchant stock at a strike price of $51 per share. On March 31, 2020, the market price for Merchant stock is $54 per share, and the time value of the option is $210.
The net profit from this stock transaction can be calculated by determining the difference between the market price of the stock and the strike price, multiplied by the number of shares:
Net Profit = (Market Price - Strike Price) x Number of Shares
Using the given information, the net profit from this call option transaction would be:
Net Profit = ($54 - $51) x 1,050 = $3 x 1,050 = $3,150
Give the formula for the alkene containing 15 carbons.
The general formula for alkanes is CnH₂n+2. If it's containing 15 carbon, it contains 32 hydrogen atoms. The formula would be C₁₅H₃₂.
What are alkenes?Alkenes are defined as either branched or unbranched hydrocarbons with a general formula of CnH2n with at least one carbon-carbon double bond (CC).
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds and have the chemical formula CnH2n. The molecular structure of this is the same as that of cycloalkanes.
The naming convention for alkenes is the same as that for alkanes, with the exception that the suffix is now -ene.
Substitute 15 for n.
The number of hydrogen atoms is 2×15+2=32.
The formula for an acyclic alkane with 15 carbon atoms is C₁₅H₃₂.
Therefore, CnH₂n+2 is the standard formula for alkanes. 32 hydrogen atoms are present if it has 15 carbon atoms. The equation would be C₁₅H₃₂.
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Write a balanced chemical equation for the standard formation reaction of solid sodium carbonate
Answer:
2Na(s) + C(s) + 3/2 O2(g) -----> Na2CO3(s).
Explanation:
Balancing and writring chemical reactions in Chemistry is a very important aspect of chemistry and,
writting and balancing of chemical reaction is often regarded as the heart of chemistry. A balanced Chemical reaction shows the number of each species in a reaction.
Hence, the balanced chemical equation for the standard formation reaction of solid sodium carbonate is given below;
(1). The reaction(unbalanced Reaction):
Na(s) + C(s) + O2(g) -----> Na2CO3(s).
Where solid sodium carbonate = Na2CO3(s).
(2). Balanced Reaction;
2Na(s) + C(s) + 3/2 O2(g) -----> Na2CO3(s)
The balanced chemical equation for the standard formation reaction of
solid sodium carbonate is shown below:
2Na(s) + C(s) + 3/2 O2(g) -----> Na2CO3(s).
The reaction involves elements which include Sodium(Na) , Carbon(C) and
Oxygen(O2). They react under certain conditions to form solid sodium
carbonate.
The reaction involves specific number of atoms involved in the reaction
which is why the equation must be balanced. The number of atoms of an
element on the left hand side should always be equal to those on the right
hand side.
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what is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 21.2 g of sodium hydroxide in enough water to make 7.92 L of solution
Answer:
0.067M NaOH is the answer
Solve the following problem:
Answer:
Option 3.
Explanation:
Isomerism is a phenomenon where by two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural patterns.
Geometric Isomerism is a type of Isomerism that occurs within a double bond i.e Geometric isomers have different arrangement within the double bond.
Considering the options given above,
The 1st option is exactly the same as the compound only, it is inverted.
The 2nd option is still the same as the compound, only it is laterally inverted.
The 3rd option satisfy geometric Isomerism as the arrangement differ from the compound in the double bond.
The 4th option is entirely a saturated compound in which geometric Isomerism is not possible.
What will the concentration of LiOH be if 27ml of a 4.5 M LiOH solution is diluted to 435ml? *
Answer: 0.28 M
Explanation:
Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per Liter of the solution.
According to the neutralization law,
[tex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/tex]
where,
[tex]M_1[/tex] = molarity of stock [tex]LiOH[/tex] solution = 4.5 ml
[tex]V_1[/tex] = volume of stock [tex]LiOH[/tex] solution = 27 ml
[tex]M_2[/tex] = molarity of dilute c solution = ?
[tex]V_2[/tex] = volume of dilute [tex]LiOH[/tex] solution = 435 ml
[tex]4.5\times 27=M_2\times 435[/tex]
[tex]M_2=0.28M[/tex]
Thus the concentration of LiOH be if 27 ml of a 4.5 M LiOH solution is diluted to 435 ml is 0.28 M
if you hang a bird feeder, fill it with food but no birds come to it what would the hypothesis be?
Answer:
You could have many hypothesis...
Explanation:
A hypothesis is a guess as to what is going to happen in a situation. Without knowing the exact question you are developing a hypothesis for I can't give you an exact answer and the hypothesis takes place before the experiment. So you wouldn't know why the birds didn't come.
But if I had to give a bs answer I would say that the conditions weren't ideal for the birds (ie not right location or type of food)
The hypothesis could be that the type of food, the feeder's visibility, or its location is not attracting the birds. You could test this hypothesis by trying to change these variables.
Explanation:If you filled a bird feeder with food and hung it but noticed no birds coming to it, the hypothesis might be that either the birds are not attracted to the type of food in the feeder, they are not aware of the feeder's presence, or the location of the feeder is not suitable or safe for them.
To test this hypothesis, one could try changing the food type, moving the feeder to a different location, or drawing attention to the feeder somehow, then observing if there are changes in bird visitation.
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A 100g sample of Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5 years. How much Carbon-14 is left after 10 years?
Answer: The carbon-14 left after 10 years is 25 g
Explanation:
Expression for rate law for first order kinetics is given by:
[tex]t=\frac{2.303}{k}\log\frac{a}{a-x}[/tex]
where,
k = rate constant
t = age of sample
a = let initial amount of the reactant
a - x = amount left after decay process
a) for rate constant
[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{0.693}{k}[/tex]
[tex]k=\frac{0.693}{5years}=0.139years^{-1}[/tex]
b) for amount left after 10 years
[tex]t=\frac{2.303}{k}\log\frac{a}{(a-x)}[/tex]
[tex]10=\frac{2.303}{0.139}\log\frac{100}{(a-x)}[/tex]
[tex](a-x)=25g[/tex]
Thus carbon-14 left after 10 years is 25 g
1. A solution is a mixture. The part of
the solution in the greater amount is
called the
Answer:
Solvent
Explanation:
Many people use the solute to describe the solid being dissolved and the solvent to describe the thing doing the dissolving, but really solvent means the part of the solution with a greater amount/concentration.
For example, if you have 1 gram of salt in 10 liters of water, the water is the solvent.
Final answer:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture where the component with the largest quantity is known as the solvent, and the substance in the smaller quantity is the solute.
Explanation:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances. When we talk about a solution, we refer to its components as the solvent and the solute. The solvent is the part of the solution that is present in the greater amount and acts as the medium in which the other substance, or substances, are dispersed.
The solute, on the other hand, is any component of a solution that is not the solvent. In other words, it is the material present in the smaller amounts within the solution. When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the resulting mixture is uniform on a microscopic level, ensuring that the composition is consistent throughout.
Solutions can come in various forms and are not limited to liquids; for instance, air is a solution that is in a gaseous state. It is important to note that the largest component by mole fraction is always considered the solvent, and this remains the same whether the components are in solid, liquid, or gaseous form.