Answer:
A radical is a group of atoms that remains bonded together and behaves as a single atom in a chemical reaction. True (a.)
When a hydrochloric acid solution is combined with a potassium hydroxide solution, an acid-base reaction occur?
when hydrochloric acid is added to a potassium hydroxide solution, the acid and base would react to form salt(potassium chloride) and water
Chemical Formula:
HCl(aq) +KOH(aq) ---> KCl (aq) + H20 (l)
Answer: [tex]HCl(aq)+KOH(aq)\rightarrow KCl(aq)+H_2O(l)[/tex]
Explanation:
Neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base reacts to form salt and water.
[tex]HX+BOH\rightarrow BX}H_2O[/tex]
Neutralization is a double displacement reaction is one in which exchange of ions take place. The salts which are soluble in water are designated by symbol (aq) and those which are insoluble in water and remain in solid form are represented by (s) after their chemical formulas.
The chemical equation for reaction of hydrochloric acid solution with a potassium hydroxide solution is:
[tex]HCl(aq)+KOH(aq)\rightarrow KCl(aq)+H_2O(l)[/tex]
Use the bond energies provided to estimate ΔH°rxn for the reaction below. CH3OH(l) + 2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = ? Bond Bond Energy (kJ/mol) C-H 414 C-O 360 C=O 799 O=O 498 O-H 464 Use the bond energies provided to estimate ΔH°rxn for the reaction below. CH3OH(l) + 2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g) ΔH°rxn = ? Bond Bond Energy (kJ/mol) C-H 414 C-O 360 C=O 799 O=O 498 O-H 464 +473 kJ +206 kJ -392 kJ -91 kJ -486 kJ
Answer:
∆Hrxn = ∑Hproducts - ∑Hreactants = 392 kj
Explanation:
∆H (heat of reaction) of a reaction is the heat that accompanies the entire reaction. This is, it represents the heat released or absorbed during the reaction . This value can be positive or negative, and will depend on whether the process is exothermic or endothermic. A process is considered exothermic when this happens, heat is released to the surroundings, this means that the system loses heat, so ∆H <0. The opposite is true for endothermic processes, which are characterized by absorbing heat from the surroundings, which implies that ∆H> 0.
For the calculation of the heat of reaction you must make the total sum of all the heats of the products and of the reagents affected by their stoichiometric coefficient (quantity of molecules of each compound that participates in the reaction) and finally subtract them:
Enthalpy of reaction = ΔH = ∑Hproducts - ∑Hreactants
In this case you have the reaction
CH₃OH (l) + 2 O₂(g) ⇒ CO₂ (g) + 2 H₂O (g)
PRODUCTS:
CO₂: It is O=C=O. You have two bonds C=O, so the bond energy = 2*799 kJ/mol = 1598 kJ/mole*1 mol ( Upon observing the reaction, 1 mol of CO₂ is stoichiometrically produced) = 1598 kJ
H₂O: It is H-O-H. You have two bons O - H, so the bond energy = 2*464 kJ/mol = 928 kJ/mole*2 moles ( Upon observing the reaction, 2 mol of H₂O is stoichiometrically produced) = 1856 kJ
∑Hproducts= 1598 kJ + 1856 kJ = 3454 kJ
REACTANTS:
CH₃OH: has 3 C-H bonds, 1 C-O bond and 1 O-H bond, so the bond energy = 3*414 kJ/mol + 360 kJ/mol + 464 kJ/mol = 2066 kJ /mol*1 mol (Upon observing the reaction, stoichiometrically reacts 1 mol of CH₃OH)= 2066 kJ/mol
O₂: It is O=O, so the bond energy = 498 kJ/mol*2 moles (Upon observing the reaction, stoichiometrically reacts 2 mol of O₂)= 996 kJ
∑Hreactants = 2066 kJ + 996 kJ = 3062 kJ
∆Hrxn = ∑Hproducts - ∑Hreactants =3454 kJ - 3062 kJ= 392 kj
The sign is negative indicating an endothermic reaction.
To estimate ΔH°rxn using bond energies, you need to calculate the sum of the bond energies broken minus the sum of the bond energies formed in the reaction. The bond energies of the bonds broken are multiplied by the number of those bonds broken, while the bond energies of the bonds formed are multiplied by the number of those bonds formed. From this, the estimated ΔH°rxn for the given reaction is -216 kJ/mol.
For the given reaction:
CH₃OH(l) + 2 O₂(g) → CO2₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g)
Bonds broken:
3 C-H bonds (3 x 414 kJ/mol) = 1242 kJ/mol
2 O=O bonds (2 x 498 kJ/mol) = 996 kJ/mol
Bonds formed:
2 C=O bonds (2 x 799 kJ/mol) = 1598 kJ/mol
4 O-H bonds (4 x 464 kJ/mol) = 1856 kJ/mol
ΔH°rxn = (energy of bonds broken) - (energy of bonds formed)
ΔH°rxn = (1242 kJ/mol + 996 kJ/mol) - (1598 kJ/mol + 1856 kJ/mol)
ΔH°rxn = -216 kJ/mol
Note that the negative sign indicates an exothermic reaction, meaning it releases energy.
Therefore, the estimated ΔH°rxn for the given reaction is -216 kJ/mol.
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an engineer wishes to design a container that will hold 12.0 mol of ethane at a pressure no greater than 5.00x10*2 kPa and a temperature of 52.0 degrees celsius. what is the minimum volume the container can have?
Answer:
The minimum volume of the container is 0.0649 cubic meters, which is the same as 64.9 liters.
Explanation:
Assume that ethane behaves as an ideal gas under these conditions.
By the ideal gas law,
[tex]P\cdot V = n\cdot R\cdot T[/tex],
[tex]\displaystyle V = \frac{n\cdot R\cdot T}{P}[/tex].
where
[tex]P[/tex] is the pressure of the gas,[tex]V[/tex] is the volume of the gas,[tex]n[/tex] is the number of moles of particles in this gas,[tex]R[/tex] is the ideal gas constant, and[tex]T[/tex] is the absolute temperature of the gas (in degrees Kelvins.)The numerical value of [tex]R[/tex] will be [tex]8.314[/tex] if [tex]P[/tex], [tex]V[/tex], and [tex]T[/tex] are in SI units. Convert these values to SI units:
[tex]P =\rm 5.00\times 10^{2}\;kPa = 5.00\times 10^{2}\times 10^{3}\; Pa = 5.00\times 10^{5}\; Pa[/tex];[tex]V[/tex] shall be in cubic meters, [tex]\rm m^{3}[/tex];[tex]T = \rm 52.0 \textdegree C = (52.0 + 273.15)\; K = 325.15\; K[/tex].Apply the ideal gas law:
[tex]\displaystyle \begin{aligned}V &= \frac{n\cdot R\cdot T}{P}\\ &= \frac{12.0\times 8.314\times 325.15}{5.00\times 10^{5}}\\ &= \rm 0.0649\; m^{3} \\ &= \rm (0.0649\times 10^{3})\; L \\ &=\rm 64.9\; L\end{aligned}[/tex].
Solid iodine is heated and immediately produces a toxic, purple, gas. Which phase change has occurred here?
Melting
Sublimation
Condensation
Evaporation
Answer:
Sublimation
Explanation:
Sublimation is the direct conversion of a solid to a gas.
A. is wrong. Melting is the conversion of a solid to a liquid.
C. is wrong. Condensation is the conversion of a gas to a liquid.
D. is wrong. Evaporation is the conversion of a liquid to a gas.
Balance the following reaction. As2S3 + 9O2 → 2As2O3 + SO2
Answer:
2As2S3 + 9O2 = 2As2O3 + 6SO2
Explanation:
The correct balanced reaction is:-
2 As₂S₃ (s) + 9 O₂ (g) → 2 As₂O₃ (s) + 6 SO₂ (aq)
What is a balanced reaction?A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the atoms involved in the reactants side is equal to the number of atoms in the products side. In this chemical reaction, nitrogen (N₂) reacts with hydrogen (H) to produce ammonia (NH₃). The reactants are nitrogen and hydrogen, and the product is ammonia. It means to make the number of atoms the same on both the reactants and products side.
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The isomers butane and methylpropane have
(1) the same molecular formula and the same properties
(2) the same molecular formula and different properties
(3) a different molecular formula and the same properties
(4) a different molecular formula and different properties
Answer:
(2) the same molecular formula and different properties
Explanation:
Butane and methylpropane are both isomers.
Isomerism signifies the existence of two or more compounds with different molecular structure but having the same molecular formula.
The structural difference is as a result of arrangement of the atoms or the orientation of the atoms in space.
Compounds differing in their structures but having the same molecular formula are called isomers. Isomers like butane and methylpropane differs in both their physical and chemical properties.
Why is it important that radioisotopes used in diagnostic tests have short half-lives?
Answer:
It minimizes the harmful side effects of the radiation.
Explanation:
Radioisotopes with short half-lives are used in medical diagnostics to minimize the exposure time and overall radiation dose to the patient, ensuring safety and reducing potential radioactive damage.
It is important that radioisotopes used in diagnostic tests have short half-lives to limit the radiation dose to the patient. The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for half of the isotope to decay. Short-lived radioisotopes decay more quickly, reducing the duration of radiation exposure to the body's tissues and thus minimizing potential radioactive damage. This is essential in medical imaging where the balance between obtaining a clear image and reducing patient exposure to radiation must be carefully managed.
For example, radioisotopes like technetium-99m, with a half-life of only 6 hours, are ideal for medical diagnostic purposes because they decay quickly, limiting the time radiation can interact with body cells. Additionally, having radioisotopes that clear rapidly from the body prevents unnecessary radiation exposure and makes it safer for both the patient and the environment.
The table shows the rate of reaction for two unknown time intervals during a chemical change. Reaction Rates Time Intervals (s) Rate (M/s) T1 1.8 × 10−6 T2 1.0 × 10−6 Which of the following is true for the two time intervals? T1 is longer than T2, and the concentration of reactants at the end of T1 is lower than that of T2. T1 is longer than T2, and the concentration of products at the end of T1 is lower than that of T2. T1 is shorter than T2, and the concentration of reactants at the end of T1 is higher than that of T2. T1 is shorter than T2, and the concentration of products at the end T1 is higher than that of T2.
Answer:
T1 is shorter than T2, and the concentration of products at the end T1 is higher than that of T2.
Explanation:
The rate of the reaction is defined as the change in the concentration of reactants (decrease) or products (increase) with time.Rate of the reaction = - d[reactants]/dt = d[products]/dt
It is clear that the rate of the reaction is inversely proportional with time.∵ Rate at T1 (1.8 x 10⁻⁶ M/s) > rate at T2 (1.0 x 10⁻⁶).
∴ T1 < T2, which means that T1 is shorter than T2.
Also, it is clear that the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the change of reactants.
As, the rate increases, the remaining of the reactants decrease and products formed increase.
So, concentration of reactants at the end of T1 is lower than that of T2 and the concentration of products at the end T1 is higher than that of T2.
So, the right choice is:
T1 is shorter than T2, and the concentration of products at the end T1 is higher than that of T2.
Which planet in our solar system has the most moons?
Jupiter has 63 moons, which is the most in our solar system.
the most familiar elements are typically the most
-Are the most used in daily life and basic human needs
(such as oxygen,nitrogen,carbon, etc)
Explanation:
The most familiar elements are the ones most abundant in the earth and therefore the most economic ones. Good examples of this elements are oxygen, carbon, nitrogen silicium.
Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. 2CO2 (g) 2CO (g) + O2 (g) H° = -514 kJ Le Châtelier's principle predicts that the equilibrium partial pressure of CO (g) can be maximized by carrying out the reaction ________. a. at high temperature and high pressure b. at high temperature and low pressure c. at low temperature and low pressure d. at low temperature and high pressure e. in the presence of solid carbon
Answer:
C. at low temperature and low pressure.
Explanation:
Le Châtelier's principle states that when there is an dynamic equilibrium, and this equilibrium is disturbed by an external factor, the equilibrium will be shifted in the direction that can cancel the effect of the external factor to reattain the equilibrium.For the reaction:
2CO₂(g) ⇄ 2CO(g) + O₂(g), ΔH = -514 kJ.
Effect of pressure:
When there is an increase in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas of the reaction. And when there is a decrease in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with more moles of gas of the reaction.The reactants side (left) has 2.0 moles of gases and the products side (right) has 3.0 moles of gases.So, decreasing the pressure will shift the reaction to the side with higher no. of moles of gas (right side, products), so the equilibrium partial pressure of CO (g) can be maximized at low pressure.
Effect of temperature:
The reaction is exothermic because the sign of ΔH is (negative).So, we can write the reaction as:2CO₂(g) ⇄ 2CO(g) + O₂(g) + heat.
Decreasing the temperature will decrease the concentration of the products side, so the reaction will be shifted to the right side to suppress the decrease in the temperature, so the equilibrium partial pressure of CO (g) can be maximized at low temperature.So, the right choice is:
C. at low temperature and low pressure.
If you fill a glass to the brim with ice water and the ice melts, what will happen?
Hello There!
When the ice melts, the water level will drop slightly but not much.
REMEMBER Ice expands so when ice melts, it shrinks back to the state of being liquid.
No change is witnessed as the weight of the ice and water is equal.
Explanation:At the point when an ice cube is set in a glass of water, it uproots enough water to help its weight and leads to the condition:
Weight of an ice cube = mass of water/thickness of water.
After the ice cube melts totally the water level continues as before as the water uprooted is currently satisfied by the measure of water present in the ice (3D shape). Indeed, even in the wake of liquefying, the measure of water in the ice cube will gauge is equal mass of ice block/thickness of water.
As the weight stays same, the measure of water dislodged doesn't change and the water level continues as before. But, there are some water droplets around the glass.
1. How many joules of heat are required to raise the temperature of 750 g of water from 11.0 oC to 19.0 oC?
2. 8750 J of heat are applied to a piece of aluminum, causing a 66.0 oC increase in its temperature. The specific heat of aluminum is 0.9025 J/g oC. What is the mass of the aluminum?
3. A 250 g sample of water with an initial temperature of 98.8 oC loses 6500 joules of heat. What is the final temperature of the water?
4. 4786 Joules of heat are transferred to a 89.0 gram sample of an unknown material, with an initial temperature of 23.0 oC. What is the specific heat of the material if the final temperature is 89.5 oC?
5. A piece of copper has a temperature of 75.6 0C. When the metal is placed in 100.0 grams of water at 19.1 0C, the temperature rises by 5.5 0C. What is the mass of the metal?
6. The combustion of methane, CH4, releases 890.4 kJ/mol. That is, when one mole of methane is burned, 890.4 kJ are given off to the surroundings. This means that the products have 890.4 kJ less than the reactants. Thus, ΔH for the reaction = - 890.4 kJ. A negative symbol for ΔH indicates an exothermic reaction.
CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (l); ΔH = - 890.4 kJ
a) How much energy is given off when 2.00 mol of CH4 are burned?
b) How much energy is released when 22.4g of CH4 are burned?
7. What is the change in enthalpy when 9.75 g of aluminum reacts with excess ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) according to the equation:
2Al + 3NH4NO3 3N2 + 6 H2O + Al2O3 ΔH = -2030kJ
8. How much enthalpy/heat is transferred when 0.5113 g of ammonia (NH3) reacts with excess oxygen according to the following equation:
4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O ΔH = -905.4kJ
9. According to the following reactions, would the burning of 5.50 g of methane (CH4) or propane (C3H8) release more heat?
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) ΔΗ = -2043 kJ
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) ΔΗ = -890. kJ
Please show all work and answer ASAP thank you so much
Answer:
25080 J146.9 g92.58 °C0.808 J/g°C117.09 ga. 1708.8 kJ b.1246.56 kJ368.55 kJ6.81 kJ5.50 grams of methane produces more heat than 5.5 grams of propane.Explanation:
The specific heat capacity of water=4.18 J/gKThe enthalpy change is calculated using the formula: ΔH=MC∅ where ΔH is the change in enthalpy, M the mass of the substance, C the specific heat capacity of the substance and ∅ the temperature change.
Thus, ΔH= 750g × 4.18 J/gK × (19-11)K
=25080 J
2. Enthalpy change= mass of substance × specific heat capacity of the substance× Change in temperature.
ΔH= MC∅
M= ΔH/(C∅)
Substituting for the values in the question.
M=8750 J/(0.9025/g°C×66.0 °C)
=146.9 grams
3. Enthalpy change =mass × specific heat capacity × Temperature
ΔH= MC∅
∅ = ΔH/(MC)
=6500 J/(250 g × 4.18 J/g°C)
=6.22° C
Final temperature =98.8 °C - 6.22°C
=92.58 °C
4. Specific heat capacity =mass × specific heat capacity × Temperature change.
ΔH=MC∅
C= ΔH/(M∅)
Substituting with the values in the question.
C = 4786 J/(89.0 g×(89.5° C-23°C))
=0.808 J/g°C
5. Heat lost lost copper is equal to the heat gained by water.
ΔH(copper)= ΔH(water)
MC∅(copper)=MC∅(water)
M×0.385 J/g°C× (75.6°C- (19.1 °C+5.5°C))=100.0g×4.18 J/g°C×5.5 °C
M=(100.0g×4.18J/g°C×5.5°C)/(0.385 J/g°C×51 °C)
=117.09 grams.
6 (a). From the equation 1 mole of methane gives out 890.4 kJ
There fore 2 moles give:
(2×890.4)/1= 1780.8 kJ
(b) 22.4 g of methane.
Number of moles= mass/ RFM
RFM=12 + 4×1
=16
No. of moles =22.4 g/16g/mol
=1.4 moles
Therefore 1.4 moles produce:
1.4 moles × 890.4 kJ/mol=
=1246.56 kJ
7. From the equation, 2 moles of aluminium react with ammonium nitrate to produce 2030 kJ
Number of moles = mass/RAM
Therefore 9.75 grams = (9.75/26.982) moles of aluminium.
=0.3613 moles.
If 2 moles produce 2030 kJ, then 0.3613 moles produce:
(0.3631 moles×2030 kJ)/2
=368.55 kJ
8. From the equation, 4 moles of ammonia react with excess oxygen to produce 905.4 kJ of energy.
Number of moles= mass/molar mass
RMM= 14+3×1= 17
Therefore 0.5113 grams of ammonia = (0.5113 g/17g/mole) moles
= 0.0301 moles
If 4 moles produce 905.4 kJ, then 0.0301 moles produce:
(0.0301 moles×905.4 kJ)/4 moles
=6.81 kJ
9. From the equations, one mole of methane produces 890 kJ of energy while one mole of propane produces 2043 kJ.
Lets change 5.5 grams into moles of either alkane.
Number of moles= Mass/RMM
For propane, number of moles= 5.5g/ 44.097g/mol
=0.125 moles
For methane number of moles =5.5 g/ 16g/mol
=0.344 moles
0.125 moles of propane produce:
0.125 moles×2043 kJ/mol
=255.375kJ
0.344 moles of methane produce:
0.344 moles× 890 kJ/mol
= 306.16kJ
Therefore, 5.5 grams of methane produces more heat than 5.5 grams of propane.
How do CFCs cause ozone depletion? How do CFCs cause ozone depletion? Ultraviolet radiation breaks down CFCs, molecules containing chlorine. Chlorine then breaks one oxygen atom away from ozone, leaving behind a paired oxygen molecule. Ultraviolet radiation breaks down CFCs, molecules containing chlorine. Chlorine then breaks two oxygen atoms away from ozone, leaving behind a paired oxygen molecule. Ultraviolet radiation creates CFCs, molecules containing chlorine. Chlorine then breaks two oxygen atoms away from ozone, leaving behind a paired oxygen molecule. Ultraviolet radiation creates CFCs, molecules containing chlorine. Chlorine then breaks one oxygen atom away from ozone, leaving behind a paired oxygen molecule.
Answer:
Ultraviolet radiation breaks down CFCs, molecules containing chlorine. Chlorine then breaks one oxygen atom away from ozone, leaving behind a paired oxygen molecule.
Explanation:
Chlorofluorocarbons are popular called CFCs and are great climate forcers. When released into the atmosphere they cause depletion of ozone layers in the stratosphere.
CFCs are readily broken down by ultraviolet rays from the sun. This atmospheric reaction releases an atom of Cl. Chlorine is a very reactive element because it is a halogen and it requires just an electron to make it stable.
Ozone is made of three oxygen atoms. On losing an oxygen atom, it has two oxygen atoms and this turns the ozone layer to an oxygen gas pool.
CFCs lead to ozone depletion by releasing chlorine atoms that transform ozone into oxygen, thereby reducing the ozone layer's protective capacity against harmful UV radiation.
Explanation:Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) contribute to ozone depletion because they release chlorine atoms in the stratosphere, which then engage in a destructive cycle with ozone molecules. Ultraviolet radiation breaks down CFCs, releasing chlorine atoms. These chlorine atoms react with ozone (O3), converting it to oxygen molecules (O2) through the following reactions:
Cl + O3 → ClO + O2
ClO + O → Cl + 2O2
Not only does one chlorine atom destroy many ozone molecules, but it also acts as a catalyst, meaning that after each reaction, it can continue to destroy more ozone without being consumed itself. This process hinders the ozone layer's ability to absorb ultraviolet light, resulting in increased levels of harmful UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface. The Montreal Protocol has been a significant international effort to phase out the use of CFCs and limit future ozone depletion.
What five things is the element carbon a part of?
Answer:
oceans,air,rocks,soil, also living things
Explanation:
Sodium (Na) reacts with chlorine gas to form the ionic compound NaCl. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Sodium ions are anions in the ionic bond.
B) The reaction leaves each atom more unstable.
C) After reacting, each ion has a stable octet.
D) Sodium gains electrons from the chlorine to form the sodium ion.
Answer:
C) After reacting, each ion has a stable octet.
Explanation:
Atoms bond to gain stability and to do that they must fill in their outer energy shell with 8 electrons, which we call an octet. In the case of sodium and chlorine, the sodium atom donates one electron to chlorine. When an atom loses an electron, the protons outnumber the electrons, so they become positively charged. This means it will become a cation.
Answer:
C) After reacting, each ion has a stable octet.
Explanation:
Who is considered the founder of the periodic table of the elements?
Answer:
Dmitry Mendeleev
Explanation:
Around 1869 a Russian scientist, Dmitry Mendeleev formed what is now known as the periodic table or chart. The Mendeleevian periodic table was based on the atomic weights of elements using the periodic law. The periodic law states that "chemical properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic weights".
The modern periodic table was re-stated by Henry Moseley in the 1900s. He changed the basis of the periodic law to atomic masses.
Select the correct answer. An atom of nitrogen has seven electrons. Which diagram correctly represents the arrangement of these electrons? A. two blue boxes representing 1s and 2s orbitals, and one set of three blue boxes representing 2p orbitals; 1s and 2s orbitals have a pair of up and down arrows; 2p orbitals show one filled orbital with a pair of up and down arrows, a partially filled orbital with one up arrow, and an empty orbital B. two blue boxes representing 1s and 2s orbitals, and one set of three blue boxes representing 2p orbitals; 1s orbital has a pair of up-facing arrows and the 2s orbital has a pair of down-facing arrows; 2p orbitals show one filled orbital with a pair of up-facing arrows, a partially filled orbital with one down-facing arrow, and an empty orbital C. two blue boxes representing 1s and 2s orbitals, and one set of three blue boxes representing 2p orbitals; 1s and 2s orbitals have a pair of up and down arrows; 2p orbitals show three partially filled orbitals with a single up-facing arrow D. two blue boxes representing 1s and 2s orbitals, and one set of three blue boxes representing 2p orbitals; 1s orbital has a pair of up-facing arrows and 2s orbital has a pair of down-facing arrows; 2p orbitals show three partially filled orbitals with one up-facing arrows in two of the orbitals and one down-facing arrow in the third
Answer:
C. two blue boxes representing 1s and 2s orbitals, and one set of three blue boxes representing 2p orbitals; 1s and 2s orbitals have a pair of up and down arrows; 2p orbitals show three partially filled orbitals with a single up-facing arrow
Explanation:
This problem is concerned with the electronic distribution of electrons into the energy levels or sub-level of the atom of nitrogen. Here in particular, we want to know the sublevel arrangement of electrons in the nitrogen atom.
Nitrogen has 7 electrons.
In order to know the sequence of filling of the atoms we must be guided by some principles:
We must know that the maximum number of electrons in the orbitals of the sub-levels are: 2 for s-sublevel, 6 for p-sublevel, 10 for d-sublevel and fourteen for f-sublevel. The sublevels with the lower energies are filled first according to the aufbau's principle: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p...........No two electrons can have the same set of values for the four quantum numbers i.e electrons cannot spin in the same direction. This is the pauli's exclusion principle. Electrons go into degenerate orbitals singly before pairing starts according to Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity.Obeying these principles, we have:
N (7) = 1s²2s²2p³
The first blue boxes are the s-sublevels 1s²2s² with one orbital and would have two electrons each oriented in the up and down direction.
The p-sublevel has three orbitals and according to hund's rule, electrons would go in singly before pairing starts. This leaves the three orbitals with a single up facing arrow.
The correct arrangement of seven electrons in a nitrogen atom is: two pairs in the 1s and 2s orbitals, and one electron in each of the three 2p orbitals. This matches the description given in option C.
Explanation:The correct answer is C. The atomic structure of nitrogen (atomic number 7) includes seven electrons, distributed over the 1s, 2s, and 2p orbitals. These orbitals follow the rules of Hund's Rule, which states that all orbitals in a given subshell (2p in this case) must be singly occupied before any double occupation occurs. Therefore, the nitrogen atom fills the 1s and 2s orbitals with two electrons each and has one electron in each of the three 2p orbitals.
So, the diagram representing nitrogen's electron arrangement is: two blue boxes representing 1s and 2s orbitals, both filled with a pair of up and down arrows (indicating two electrons in each); followed by a set of three blue boxes indicating 2p orbitals, where each box contains a single upward arrow (representing one electron in each 2p orbital) which matches the description of option C.
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Suppose one magnesium hydroxide tablet costs 0.0500 dollars. Let each 1.00 g magnesium hydroxide tablet be 100. percent magnesium hydroxide. Using only these tablets, you are required to neutralize 2.00 L of 0.500 M HCl. How much does this cost? Express your answer in dollars.
Answer:
1.46 $.
Explanation:
Mg(OH)₂ neutralizes HCl according to the balanced reaction:2HCl + Mg(OH)₂ → MgCl₂ + 2H₂O.
Every 2 moles of HCl are neutralized by 1 mole of Mg(OH)₂.
At neutralization: The no. of moles of HCl is equal to the no. of moles of Mg(OH)₂.
The no. of moles of HCl = (MV) of HCl = (2.0 L)(0.5 mol/L) = 1.0 mol.
This requires 0.5 mol of Mg(OH)₂ to be neutralized.
∵ no. of moles of Mg(OH)₂ = mass/molar mass.
∴ mass of Mg(OH)₂ = (no. of moles of Mg(OH)₂)(molar mass) = (0.5 mol)(58.32 g/mol) = 29.16 g.
To find the cost, we can use cross multiplication:
1.0 g of Mg(OH)₂ costs → 0.05 $.
29.16 g of Mg(OH)₂ costs → ??? $.
∴ The cost of tablets = (29.16 g)(0.05 $) = 1.46 $.
The cost of the magnesium hydroxide tablet that will be required to neutralize 2.00 L of 0.500 M HCl would be 1.46 dollars
Stoichiometric equationFrom the equation of the reaction:
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl ---------------> MgCl2 + 2H2O
The mole ratio of Mg(OH)2 to HCl = 1:2
Mole of 2.00 L, 0.500 M HCl = 0.500 x 2.00 = 1 mole
Equivalent mole of Mg(OH)2 = 1/2 = 0.5 moles
Mass of 0.5 mole Mg(OH)2 = 0.5 x 58.3
= 29.15 g
Since 1 tablet = 1.00 g Mg(OH)2 = 0.05 dollars.
29.15 g Mg(OH)2 = 29.15 tablet = 29.15 x 0.05 dollars
= 1.46 dollars
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Identify the alkane?
a. C5H12
b. C10H20
c. C3H4
d. C18H40
Answer:
a.
Explanation:
c5h12 is Pentane, which is a straight chain alkane.
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50 POINTS! NEED ANSWER ASAP.
What type of organic compound contains the following functional group? (2 points)
Answer:
Isocyanates
Explanation:
The functional group is cyanate ion of the formula NCO⁻. The atoms in this functional group occur in a straight line giving it a linear structure. It has a singe C-O bond and a triple N ≡ C bond. It forms cyanate salts when it reacts with pure elements like sodium and other reactive metals as it has some acidic properties. It also forms complexes like silver cyanato [Ag(NCO)₂]⁻
categorize them by Metal, Nonmetal, Metalloid
solid
brittle
semimetals
found in periodic table
ductile
non-ductile
malleable
often gain electrons
semiconductors
silicon
lithium
carbon
shiny
lose electrons easily
good conductor
poor conductor
can be liquids
elements
Answer:
METAL: found in periodic table, lithium, shiny, lose electrons easily, good conductor, elements
NONMETAL: brittle, ductile, semimetals, found in periodic table, often gain electrons, semiconductors, carbon, shiny, poor conductor, elements
METALLOID: solid, non- ductile, malleable, found in periodic table, silicon, shiny, can be liquids, elements
A chemist has dissolved a certain substance in water. The chemist knows that more of the substance could be dissolved into the water before it stops dissolving. Therefore
Answer:
Therefore it has not become a saturated solution
(Need all boxes answered)
Bicarbonate of soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) is used in many commercial preparations. Its formula is NaHCO3. Find the mass percentages (mass %) of Na, H, C, and O in sodium hydrogen carbonate. You may use whole numbers for the masses.
The mass of one mole of NaHCO3 is:
Answer & Explanation:
If we have 1.0 mol of NaHCO₃:∴ The mass of 1.0 mol of NaHCO₃ = (no. of moles of NaHCO₃)(the molecular mass of NaHCO₃)
∴ The mass of 1.0 mol of NaHCO₃ = (1)(the molecular mass of NaHCO₃) = (the molecular mass of NaHCO₃).
∴ The mass of 1.0 mol of NaHCO₃ = (atomic weight of Na) + (atomic weight of H) + (atomic weight of C) + 3(atomic weight of O) = (23.0 g of Na) + (1.0 g of H) + (12.0 g of C) + 3(16.0 g of O) = (23.0 g of Na) + (1.0 g of H) + (12.0 g of C) + (48.0 g of O) = 84.0 g.
To find the mass% of each element:For Na:
The mass% of Na = (the mass of Na)/(the mass of NaHCO₃) = (23.0 g)/(84.0 g) x 100 = 27.381%.
For H:
The mass% of H = (the mass of H)/(the mass of NaHCO₃) = (1.0 g)/(84.0 g) x 100 = 1.19%.
For C:
The mass% of C = (the mass of C)/(the mass of NaHCO₃) = (12.0 g)/(84.0 g) x 100 = 14.285%.
For O:
The mass% of O = (the mass of O)/(the mass of NaHCO₃) = (48.0 g)/(84.0 g) x 100 = 57.143%.
The sum of % of elements = mass% of Na + mass% of H + mass% of C + mass% of O = 27.381% + 1.19% + 14.285% + 57.143% = 99.999% ≅ 100.0%.
Answer:
Here's what I get.
Explanation:
[tex]\text{The mass of one mole of NaHCO$_{3}$ is:}\\\\\text{$\boxed{23}$ g Na +$\boxed{1}$ g H + $\boxed{12}$ g C + $\boxed{48}$ g O = $\boxed{84}$ g}[/tex]
[tex]\text{mass $\%$ Na = $\boxed{23}$ g $/$ $\boxed{84}$ g $\times$ 100 = $\boxed{27.38}$ $\%$}\\\\\text{mass $\%$ H = $ \quad \boxed{1}$ g $/$ $\boxed{84}$ g $\times$ 100 = $\boxed{1.19}$ $\%$}\\\\\text{mass $\%$ C = $\:\: \boxed{12}$ g $/$ $\boxed{84}$ g $\times$ 100 = $\boxed{14.29}$ $\%$}\\\\\text{mass $\%$ O = $\:\: \boxed{48}$ g $/$ $\boxed{84}$ g $\times$ 100 = $\boxed{57.14}$ $\%$}[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{27.38} + \boxed{1.19} + \boxed{14.29} + \boxed{ 57.14} = \boxed{100.00}[/tex]
What does the term, nuclear waste (from a nuclear facility), refer to?
a) material that still contains radioactive particles and atoms
b) unused chemical energy in fissionable reactants
c) green radioactive slime stored in barrels
d) non-radioactive material left over from the production, assembly, and use of nuclear reactors
Answer:
d) non-radioactive material left over from the production, assembly, and use of nuclear reactors
What is the empirical formula. A compound is used to treat iron deficiency in people. It contains 36.76% iron, 21.11% sulfur, and 42.13% oxygen. The empirical formula is Fe S O
Answer:
FeSO4.
Explanation:
We divide the percentages by the relative atomic masses of the elements:
Iron = 36.76 / 55.845= 0.6583
Sulphur = 21.11 / 32.06 = 0.6584
Oxygen = 42.13 / 15.999 = 2.6333
Simplifying the ratios:
Fe : S : O =
0.6583: 0.6584: 2.6333
= 1 : 1 : 4
The empirical formula is FeSO4. (Ferrous Sulphate).
The molecule CH2O contains two single bonds and one double bond. True or False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
CH2O is a polar molecule. It has three polar bonds that are arranged asymmetrically, thus allowing their dipole moments to add up and give the molecule an overall dipole moment. CH2O has a central carbon atom that forms two single bonds with the two hydrogen atoms and a double bond with the oxygen atom.
Answer: The given statement is true.
Explanation:
As the given molecule is [tex]CH_{2}O[/tex]. Name of this compound is formaldehyde as it contains aldehyde functional group, that is, CHO group.
In this molecule, carbon is the central atom and both the hydrogen atoms are attached to the carbon atom through one single bond each.
Whereas oxygen is also attached to the carbon atom but through a double bond.
Therefore, we can conclude that the statement molecule [tex]CH_{2}O[/tex] contains two single bonds and one double bond, is true.
Given the three equations below, what is the heat of reaction for the production of glucose, C6H12O6, as described by this equation? 6C(s) + 6H2(g) + 3O2(g) → C6H12O6(s) C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g), ∆H = –393.51 kJ H2(g) + ½ O2(g) → H2O(l), ∆H = –285.83 kJ C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + H2O(l), ∆H = –2803.02 kJ
Answer:
- 1273.02 kJ.
Explanation:
This problem can be solved using Hess's Law.
Hess's Law states that regardless of the multiple stages or steps of a reaction, the total enthalpy change for the reaction is the sum of all changes. This law is a manifestation that enthalpy is a state function.
We should modify the given 3 equations to obtain the proposed reaction:6C(s) + 6H₂(g) + 3O₂(g) → C₆H₁₂O₆(s),
We should multiply the first equation by (6) and also multiply its ΔH by (6):
6C(s) + 6O₂(g) → 6CO₂(g), ∆H₁ = (6)(–393.51 kJ) = - 2361.06 kJ,
Also, we should multiply the second equation and its ΔH by (6):
6H₂(g) + 3O₂(g) → 6H₂O(l), ∆H₂ = (6)(–285.83 kJ) = - 1714.98 kJ.
Finally, we should reverse the first equation and multiply its ΔH by (- 1):
6CO₂(g) + H₂O(l) → C₆H₁₂O₆(s) + 6O₂(g), ∆H₃ = (-1)(–2803.02 kJ) = 2803.02 kJ.
By summing the three equations, we cam get the proposed reaction:
6C(s) + 6H₂(g) + 3O₂(g) → C₆H₁₂O₆(s),
And to get the heat of reaction for the production of glucose, we can sum the values of the three ∆H:
∆Hrxn = ∆H₁ + ∆H₂ + ∆H₃ = (- 2361.06 kJ) + (- 1714.98 kJ) + (2803.02 kJ) = - 1273.02 kJ.
Answer:
- 1273.02 kJ
Explanation:
"Each value below represents a different aqueous solution at 25 °C. Classify each solution as acidic, basic, or?Are the following acidic, basic or nuetral? pOH=3.37 pOH=11.40 [h+]=3.8x10^-4 [h+]=5.8x10^-8 [OH-]=3.5x10^-12 [OH-]=6.6x10^-3 [h+]=1.0x10^-7 pOh=7 pH=5.11 pH=12.94"
The solutions having pOH=3.37, [h+]=3.8x10^-4 and pH=5.11 are acidic. Solutions with pOH=11.40, [OH-]=6.6x10^-3 and pH=12.94 are basic. The solution with [h+]=1.0x10^-7 is neutral. The solutions with [h+]=5.8x10^-8 and [OH-]=3.5x10^-12 are mildly acidic and basic respectively.
Explanation:In an aqueous solution at 25 °C, the pH and pOH scales are defined so that water, which is neutral, has a pH of 7.00 and a pOH of 7.00. If the pH is less than 7, the solution is acidic. If the pH is greater than 7, the solution is basic. Hence, solutions with pOH=3.37 and [h+]=3.8x10^-4 are acidic, as they would have a pH lower than 7. The solutions with pOH=11.40, [OH-]=6.6x10^-3 and pH=12.94 are basic, as they would have a pH higher than 7. The solution with [h+]=1.0x10^-7 is neutral as it has a pH of 7. The solutions with [h+]=5.8x10^-8 and [OH-]=3.5x10^-12 are slightly acidic and basic respectively due to being close to the pH of 7. The solution with pH=5.11 is acidic as it's less than 7.
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The given solutions can be classified based on pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-]. Based on these values, they are categorised as acidic, basic, or neutral.
Explanation:The values provided are measures of the concentration of Hydronium ions [H+], hydroxide ions [OH-], pH, and pOH, which help determine whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. At 25 degrees Celsius, a neutral solution has pH = 7, pOH=7, [H+] = 1.0x10^-7, and [OH-] = 1.0x10^-7. If the pH or [H+] is less than 7, or pOH or [OH-] is greater than 7, the solution is acidic. If the pH or [H+] is greater than 7, or pOH or [OH-] is less than 7, the solution is basic.
Applying this for each solution: pOH=3.37, acidic; pOH=11.40, basic; [H+]=3.8x10^-4, acidic; [H+]=5.8x10^-8, acidic; [OH-]=3.5x10^-12, acidic; [OH-]=6.6x10^-3, basic; [H+]=1.0x10^-7, neutral; pOH=7, neutral; pH=5, acidic; pH=12.94, basic.
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A sample of gas occupies 7.80 liters at 425°C? What will be the volume of the gas at 35°C if the pressure does not change? 4.65 liters 3.65 liters 3.44 liters 7.65 liters 5.89 liters
Answer:
3.44 liters
Explanation:
before we start we must convert the celcius to kelvin by adding 273
Next we must Know we are using charles law and the eqation is V1/T1= V2/T2 we must convert it to V1 T1 / T2
so its must equal 7.80 times 698 divided by 308 wich gives you 3.44 liters
Answer:
3.44 or answer c on treca
Explanation: