A placebo experiment is one that does no harm or good. A lot of the time researchers will have a. placebo group and a another control group with the actual treatment. The key in placebo is that no one knows if they have it or not. C
A placebo is a substance with no therapeutic effect used as a control in testing new drugs. In the context of the question, the statement 'The participants in both groups did not know if they were getting a real or a false treatment' would indicate the use of a placebo. This is due to the practice of 'blinding' in a placebo-controlled trial.
Explanation:In conducting a medical experiment, especially involving pharmaceutical drugs, a placebo is often used. A placebo is a substance with no therapeutic effect that is used as a control in testing new drugs. The use of a placebo helps to isolate the effects of the actual medication being tested.
In the context of your question, option C: 'The participants in both groups did not know if they were getting a real or a false treatment,' would indicate that a placebo was used. This is because one of the key features of a placebo-controlled trial is that the participants do not know whether they are receiving the real medication or the placebo, which is known as blinding. This is done to prevent potential bias in the results based on the participants' expectations or perceptions.
So, in the case of an experiment testing the effectiveness of a tricyclic antidepressant, if a placebo was used, the participants in both the experimental and control groups would be 'blind' as to whether they were receiving the antidepressant or the placebo.
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If you become sick but are able to quickly see a specialist, take time off from work, and have meals prepared for you because of the efforts and connections of your friends, colleagues, and neighbors, you have a high level of ______.
Answer: You have a high level of social capital
Explanation:
Social capital can be defined as a variable that measures the collaboration between different groups in a human group. In other words, social capital can see the actions that people have among themselves so that things can go well. In the capital, sources affection, mutual trust, effective norms, and social networks are the main pillars.
It is very common to see how the dynamics of social capital occur in companies and various organizations. Collaborative work, thinking about the well-being of others and working all for the same feeling makes things go well and that everyone is happy with the result.
A person who is still sick and decides to prepare food for its friends, colleagues, and neighbors is someone who has a high level of social capital. It knows that these people are valuable and can count on them and even being sick does not impede doing something that pleases them.
We must identify that not everyone who has a high level of social capital means that they do things to produce good results. It is common to see organizations that are united and work hard to produce bad things. While it is true that they do collaborative and mutual support work, this is with a result that can negatively affect others.
Match the horn with its vaguely defined function ___ Dorsal horn A. Somatic Motor ___ Ventral horn B. Sensory ___ Lateral Horn C. Autonomic nervous system
Dorsal horn – Sensory
Ventral horn – Somatic motor
Lateral horn – Autonomic nervous system
Explanation:
The dorsal horn is composed of the cell bodies of the sensory neurons. The sensory information which enters the spinal cord is received by the dorsal horn. It conveys sensory signals like touch, vibration etc.
The ventral horn is composed of the cell bodies of the motor neurons. The axons of these motor neurons extend into the skeletal muscles and innervate them. Muscular contractions are controlled by these neurons in the ventral horn. Somatic reflexes of the spinal cord are associated with the ventral horn.
The lateral horn is composed of the cell bodies of the visceral neurons or the sympathetic nervous system (of autonomic nervous system). It is found only in the thoracic segment.
What are the three different types of memory? Describe the three different types of memory.
Answer:
In the broadest sense, there are three types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Typically, when we think of the word "memory," we're referring to long term-memory, like remembering the quarterback for the New York Giants. But, our minds also possess sensory and short-term memory.
Explanation:
You are testing a new drug for weight loss. You find that the drug does in fact statistically show a weight loss. Do you market the new drug? Why or why not?
Answer:no
Explanation: Many drugs would work for weight loss adderall,vyvanse EXT. You would need to do more research on other negative heath effects the drug could give people.
is it bad to drink or eat the stuff inside the tea? i just drank some..
Answer:
yes it can lead to diyaria,or too much sugar
Explanation:
1. Why is it necessary to monitor exercise blood pressure so closely in persons suspected of having coronary heart disease or hypertension?
It is necessary to monitor the blood pressure closely in persons suspected of having coronary heart disease or hypertension in order for the blood pressure not to be higher than normal.
Coronary heart disease refers to a situation where the coronary arteries in the heart of a person become too narrow. The symptoms of coronary heart disease include discomfort, chest pain, shortness of breath. The causes of coronary heart disease include smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, etc. Hypertension occurs when the blood pressure is raised. It should be noted that the function of the heart is to pump blood but in this scenario, there is an increase in blood pressure. This can be a result of stroke, too much salt intake, smoking, drinking alcohol, etc.In conclusion, it is important to check the blood pressure of someone who has coronary heart disease or hypertension so as to curtail the blood pressure from being higher than normal.
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The World Health Organization defines _____________ as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Select one: a. metaphysics b. karma c. health d. transcendental meditation
Answer:
The correct answer is c. health
Explanation:
The concept of health not only implies the absence of disease, but also a state of balance or well-being in all its aspects. The word comes from the Latin "latus" referring to "being able to overcome an obstacle".
If 1.80×10^{20} electrons move through a pocket calculator during a full day's operation, how many coulombs of charge moved through it? (answer in C)
Answer:
28.836 C
Explanation:
Data provided in the question:
Total number of electrons passed through the pocket calculator during a full day's operation = 1.80 × 10²⁰
Now,
We know that the charge of an electron is 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C
Therefore,
The total charge moved through the calculator during the operations
= Total number of electrons passed × Charge of an electron
= (1.80 × 10²⁰) × ( 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ )
= 28.836 C
Total, 2.88×101 coulombs of charge moved through the calculator during a full day's operation.
The number of coulombs of charge moved through a pocket calculator when 1.80×10²⁰ electrons flow can be calculated using the charge of a single electron.
The charge of one electron is approximately -1.602×10⁻¹⁹ coulombs. Therefore, to find the total charge Q in coulombs, we multiply the number of electrons by the charge per electron:
Q = (number of electrons) × (charge per electron)
Q = (1.80×10²⁰ electrons) × (1.602×10⁻¹⁹ C/electron)
Q = 2.88×101 coulombs
Therefore, 2.88×101 coulombs of charge moved through it.
The ability to sense the position of our body parts in space and in relation to one another is called ____.
Answer: Proprioception
Explanation:
Proprioception can be define as the sense for regulating self-movement and the position of the body. It is also called as the sixth sense of the body. It is mediated by the mechanosensory neurons that are located in the tendons, joints and muscles. It helps in determining the overall sense of the body. It is the ability of placing and positioning the parts of the body in relation to the other body parts. This is mediated by the receptors present in the muscles which helps the brain for the required stretch of muscle and the current length.
Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback? Select one: a. Release of chemical signals by keratinocytes that have been damaged by UV light that will increase the production of melanin. b. The near waterproof secretions of glycolipids that is released by cells in the stratum granulosum. c. The secretion of antibacterial compounds in sebum. d. Removal of nitrogenous compounds like urea within the sweat.
Answer:
Option A, Release of chemical signals by keratinocytes that have been damaged by UV light will increase the production of melanin.
Explanation:
Negtaive feedback mechanism of homeostasis maintains the stability of any internal condition or function through lessening of output of a system or through slow down of a functional system.
Here in this case the keratinocytes function is reduced by damaging them on exposure to UV light which further triggers the release of chemicals that enhance the production of melanin.
Hence, option A is correct
An example that illustrates homeostasis maintained by negative feedback is the removal of nitrogenous compounds within sweat.
Explanation:The correct answer is d. Removal of nitrogenous compounds like urea within the sweat.
In homeostasis, the body maintains a stable internal environment. Negative feedback is a mechanism that helps maintain homeostasis by responding to a deviation from a set point and reversing the direction of change. In this case, the removal of nitrogenous compounds like urea within sweat is an example of homeostasis maintained by negative feedback.
When there is an increase in body temperature, such as during exercise, the sweat glands produce sweat that contains nitrogenous compounds like urea. This helps to cool down the body by evaporating from the skin's surface. As the body temperature decreases and returns to the set point, the production of sweat and nitrogenous compounds decreases as well, restoring homeostasis.
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What is a consequence of the separation and independent pumping of pulmonary and systemically-derived blood through the heart?
Answer:
It allows for higher blood pressure in the systemic compared to the pulmonary circuit, leading to high efficiency of oxygenation of tissues. Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood have no possibility of mixing. Respiratory gas exchange is maximized because blood with lowest oxygen concentration from vena cava is directed toward the respiratory surfaces.
Explanation:
Final answer:
The separation and independent pumping of blood through the heart allows for efficient oxygenation of the blood and delivery of oxygenated blood to the body.
Explanation:
The consequence of the separation and independent pumping of pulmonary and systemically-derived blood through the heart is that it allows for efficient oxygenation of the blood and delivery of oxygenated blood to the body. The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs where it receives oxygen, while the left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. This separation ensures that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not mix, allowing for efficient oxygen exchange in the lungs and delivery of oxygen to the body's organs and tissues.
Mrs. Leonard calls the office because her 3-year-old child has been stung. She thinks it was a wasp, but she isn't sure. She says he is having trouble breathing, is very restless, his head hurts very badly, and his skin is becoming mottled and blue.
Answer:
Mrs. Leonard's child has a severe allergic reaction
Explanation:
One of the explanation to this case will be the child is allergic to the stung of the bee and it will be need to be treated with anti-inflammatories like advil, motrin but worse case will be need an Epi-pen
ack, age 55, comes to the office with a blood pressure of 144/98 mm Hg. He states that he did not know if it was ever elevated before. When you retake his blood pressure at the end of the exam, it remains at 144/98. What should your next action be
Answer:
One more reading will be taken to find the accuracy of reading and diagnose high blood pressure.
Explanation:
Every time we measure blood pressure, it is recommended to take two or three readings. If possible readings shall be taken in morning before eating and in evening to measure variations in blood pressure. Many people have postural hypertension and may have low or high BP upon rising or waking up.
What effect will the calcitonin injections have on the calcitonin-treated rat’s vertebral bone density?
Answer:
The answer is - The calcitonin injections will increase the rat's vertebral bone density (indicated by a less-negative T score)
Explanation:
Calcitonin is produced in the thyroid gland by the parafollicular cells. It is a hormone which prevents the development of osteoporosis by reducing bone resorption and is known to increase bone density. Administering calcitonin to the rats resulted in their T score becoming less negative compared to the control rat therefore showing that it reduced the progression of osteoporosis.
13. Which of the following is a key factor influencing the uptake of contaminants by ingestion:
a. contaminant concentration
b. carcinogenic potential
c. volatility
d. partition coefficient 1
Contamination concentration is the key factor which influences uptake of contaminants by ingestion.
Explanation:
Contaminant concentration refers to the amount of contaminant in a medium. As the concentration of the contaminant increases the toxicity increases.
Ingestion of contaminant is one of the exposure pathway. Contaminant concentration is one of the variables which are accounted to calculate the exposure dose of a contaminant.
To analyze the exposure of contaminants in potable drinking water, the concentration of the contaminants is analyzed from tap water samples collected from each house.
The toxicity symptoms of the ethanol toxicity tend to become severe with increase in drinking ethanol more which increases the body’s ethanol toxicity.
Answer:
Contaminant Concentration is the key factor which influences the uptake of contaminants by ingestion
Explanation:
There are various ways in which individuals may be exposed to contaminants in environmental media .Below mentioned are some of the ways :
Ingestion refers to the process of intake of food,water or any substance.Ingestion of contaminants can occur through intake of water (Ground water or surface water) or any food depending on the concentration of containment in that particular substance. Inhalation of contaminants: Individual can also inhale contaminants through polluted air.Dermal contamination occur when an individual skin comes in contact with the contaminated air ,water,soil and other contaminated materialMost academic medical centers in the United States prohibit the use of integrative medicine. true or false
The correct answer is B. False
Explanation:
Integrative medicine refers to a holistic approach, in which multiple aspects of the patient's health are considered to provide adequate treatment or care. In this way, integrative medicine includes aspects such as emotional health, mental health, social health, etc. rather than only physical health.
Additionally, this approach has been proved to be effective, and due to this, modern academic medical centers in the U.S. and other countries promote its use, and in many medical centers, this is the approach implement. Moreover, integrative medicine is defined and allowed by law. Due to the previous ideas, it is false the use of integrative medicine is prohibited in most medical centers in the U.S.
Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells. A. Each cardiac muscle cell is innervated by a sympathetic nerve ending so that the nervous system can increase heart rate. B. The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction. C. The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle. D. The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.
Answer:
Option-D
Explanation:
The myocardial cells form the cardiac muscle present in the heart. The heart receives its signal from the autonomic nervous system but not all the cells receive the signals.
The SV and AV node present in the upper heart produces the potential for the contraction. The action potential gets transferred through the cell and finally reach the lower ventricle through Purkinje fibres.
This allows the contraction of both the ventricles simultaneously and sows that the heart cells contract simultaneously.
Thus, Option-D is the correct answer.
Myocardial cells are the muscle cells that make up the heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all. So option d is correct.
Muscle cell are striated, like skeletal muscle cells, but they have a different electrical and contractile properties.
Myocardial cells are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, but they are not directly controlled by individual nerve endings. Instead, the heart rate is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, which releases hormones that affect the heart.
The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much shorter than that in cardiac muscle because cardiac muscle cells need to be able to contract rapidly and repeatedly, as the heart needs to pump blood continuously.
The influx of calcium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction. This is different from skeletal muscle, where the influx of sodium ions is the initiating event.
So the correct statement is D that the entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.
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Following a small-bowel resection, a client develops fever and anemia. The surface surrounding the surgical wound is warm to the touch and necrotizing fasciitis is suspected. Another manifestation that suggests necrotizing fasciitis is
Since, the options are not given the question is incomplete. This complete question is as follows:
Following a small-bowel resection, a male client develops fever and anemia. The surface surrounding the surgical wound is warm to the touch and necrotizing fasciitis is suspected. Another manifestation that would most suggest necrotizing fasciitis is:
a. erythema.
b. leukocytosis.
c. pressure like pain.
d. swelling.
Answer: c. pressure like pain
Explanation:
Necrotizing fasciitis can be defined as the flesh eating disease. It is an infection it results due to the death of the parts of the soft tissues in the body. The disease spread rapidly. The symptoms are purple and red coloration of skin in the affected area, fever, vomiting and severe pain. The blisters may appear on the skin. The severe pain, including beyond the area of the skin that is swollen and red. The pain creates pressure on the internal organs.
Listed below are blood types for several children and their mothers. Give all possible genotypes and blood types for the father of each child. Child's blood type Mother's blood type a. A A b. O B c. AB A d. B AB
Answer:aaa then b
Explanation:because yourwelcom
In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.
Original Source Material
Student Version
The philosophical position known as constructivism views knowledge as a human construction. The various perspectives within constructivism are based on the premise that knowledge is not part of an objective, external reality that is separate from the individual. Instead, human knowledge, whether the bodies of content in public disciplines (such as mathematics or sociology) or knowledge of the individual learner; is a human construction.
References:
Gredler, M. E. (2001). Learning and instruction: Theory into practice (4th Ed.). Upper Saddle, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Constructivist philosophers assert that knowledge is made by humans themselves. Knowledge is not "out there" in some external reality separate from us. It is we humans who create the content in disciplines such as math and biology. That knowledge would not exist without people making it.
References:
Gredler, M. E. (2001). Learning and instruction: Theory into practice (4th Ed.). Upper Saddle, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?
Word-for-Word plagiarism
Paraphrasing plagiarism
This is not plagiarism
Answer:
This is not plagiarism
Explanation:
This example of a comparison between the original version and the student's version does not show any kind of plagiarism. A text is plagiarized when the author uses the exact sentences without giving credit to the original sources, it is important to use the techniques that we have in this student's version such as quotations and references.
The Student Version above is paraphrasing plagiarism. Paraphrasing plagiarism is when someone takes the ideas of another person and expresses them in their own words.
While this may seem less serious than word-for-word plagiarism, it is still considered a form of plagiarism.
In the Student Version example, the student has taken the ideas of the original source material and expressed them in their own words. However, they have not properly cited the source material, so the reader cannot tell that the ideas are not the student's own.
Here are some tips for avoiding paraphrasing plagiarism:
Always cite your sources, even if you are paraphrasing.Put the ideas of the original source material into your own words. Do not simply rephrase the same sentences.Be honest about which ideas are yours and which ideas are from your sources.For such more question on Student
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The nurse has a routine prescription to instill erythromycin ointment into the eyes of a newborn. Which statement, if made by the mother, demonstrates understanding of why this medication is used?
Final answer:
Erythromycin ointment is used to prevent eye infections in newborns.
Explanation:
The mother's statement that demonstrates understanding of why erythromycin ointment is used is if she says that it is to prevent eye infections in the newborn.
Erythromycin has been a valuable antibiotic in medical practice for many years, but its use may vary based on factors such as the specific bacterial infection, local resistance patterns, and individual patient considerations. Always follow medical advice and complete the prescribed course when using antibiotics to ensure effective treatment and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.
True/False: Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement. a. The thoracic duct drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head, neck, and thorax. b. The spleen filters lymph, whereas lymph nodes filter blood. c. Lymph capillaries surround blood capillaries and pick up excess interstitial fluid to return it to the blood. d. Tonsils are specialized MALT that are partially encapsulated.
Answer:
a. False
b. False
c. True
d. True
Explanation:
a. It is the right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head, neck, and thorax while the thoracic duct drains lymph into the circulatory system.
b. The spleen filters blood, while the lymph nodes filters lymph
c. The lymph capillaries are responsible for picking up excess interstitial fluid and leaked proteins to return it to the blood.
d. Mucosa- associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) are found in the mucous membrane, and most times lack connective tissue capsule, but the specialized MALT which is partially encapsulated is called the tonsil.
The thoracic duct drains lymph from the left side of the body, not the right upper limb. The spleen filters blood, not lymph, and lymph nodes filter lymph, not blood. Lymph capillaries do surround blood capillaries, and tonsils are unencapsulated specialized MALT.
Explanation:Let's evaluate each of the statements regarding the lymphatic system and provide corrections where necessary:
False: The thoracic duct drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head, neck, and thorax. Correction: The thoracic duct drains lymph from the lower limbs, left thorax, left upper limb, and the left side of the head. The right lymphatic duct drains the right upper limb and the right side of the head, neck, and thorax.
False: The spleen filters lymph, whereas lymph nodes filter blood. Correction: The spleen filters blood and lymph nodes filter lymph.
True: Lymph capillaries surround blood capillaries and pick up excess interstitial fluid to return it to the blood.
False: Tonsils are specialized MALT that are partially encapsulated. Correction: Tonsils are specialized MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) that are not encapsulated.
Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock? A. cardiogenic, which results from any defect in blood vessels B. circulatory, where blood volume is normal and constant C. vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone D. hypovolemic, caused by increased blood volume
Answer:
A. cardiogenic, which results from any defect in blood vessels
Explanation:
A cardiogenic circulatory shock is the one in which any damage to the heart muscle or inability of heart to pump blood may cause a shock due to decrease blood supply to the brain. this cardiogenic shock may also occur as a result of congestive heart failure evident in blood vessel defects. The hypovolemic shock occurs when the blood volume is decreased.
Vascular shock is a type of circulatory shock resulting from excessive vasodilation due to a loss of vasomotor tone.
Explanation:Out of the listed options, the correct one is C. vascular shock. This type of shock is characterized by extreme vasodilation, which results from a loss of vasomotor tone. Vascular shock, also known as vasodilatory shock, can result from various conditions including severe inflammation and anaphylactic reactions.
Cardiogenic shock does not result from defects in blood vessels, but rather from the heart's failure to pump blood efficiently. Hypovolemic shock is actually caused by a decreased blood volume not increased. Lastly, the term circulatory shock is a general term used to describe inadequate blood supply to the body tissues, and not a specific type of shock itself.
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A person who visits the eye doctor is often given eye drops containing the drug atropine to dilate the pupils. A side effect of this drug is paralysis of the ciliary muscle, an effect called cycloplegia. Will a person with cycloplegia have difficulty with near vision or distance vision? Explain
Answer: the person with cycloplegia will have difficulty with near vision.
Explanation: Cycloplegia is the paralysis of the ciliary muscle which leads to loss of accommodation ( that is, loss in the ability to focus on an object as the distance varies) this occurs with topical application of atropine. Ciliary muscle is a smooth muscle at the vascular layer of the the eye that controls the shape of the lens.
Atropine is a cycloplegic drug that is used by eye doctors during eye examination to:. - better visualize the retina and to
-determine the true refractive error of the eye. This application by the doctor wears off with hours after the eye examination.
Paralysis of this muscle can lead to inability to adjust the curvature of the lens to focus on nearby objects. I hope this helps. Thanks.
Mr. Oates always sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that Mr. Oates suffers from: a. sleep apnea. b. narcolepsy. c. night terror. d. insomnia
the answer is A. sleep apena
Mr. Oates always sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that Mr. Oates suffers from a. sleep apnea.
What is the main cause of sleep apnea?
In adults, the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea is excess weight and obesity, which is associated with the soft tissue of the mouth and throat. During sleep, when throat and tongue muscles are more relaxed, this soft tissue can cause the airway to become blocked.
Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. If you snore loudly and feel tired even after a full night's sleep, you might have sleep apnea. The main types of sleep apnea are Obstructive sleep apnea, the more common form that occurs when throat muscles relax.
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A person weighs 150.0 lb, and the correct dosage of a drug is given as 1.50 mg per kilogram of body weight. How many milligrams of the drug should be given? (2.20 lb = 1 kg)
Answer: The amount of drug that must be given is 102.3 grams
Explanation:
We are given:
Weight of the person = 150.0 lb
Converting this weight into kilograms, we use the conversion factor:
1 kg = 2.20 lb
So, [tex]150.0lb\times (\frac{1kg}{2.20lb})=68.2kg[/tex]
Applying unitary method:
For 1 kg of body weight, the correct dosage of the drug is 1.50 mg
So, for 68.2 kg of body weight, the correct dosage of the drug will be [tex]\frac{1.50mg}{1kg}\times 68.2kg=102.3mg[/tex]
Hence, the amount of drug that must be given is 102.3 grams
The amount of drug in milligrams that must be given will be "102.3 mg".
Mass and weightAccording to the question,
Person's weight = 150.0 lb
We know that,
2.20 lb = 1 kg
then, = 150.0 × ([tex]\frac{1 \ kg}{2.20 \ lb}[/tex])
= 68.2 kg
For one kilogram of body weight
Dosage of a drug = 1.50 mg
Now,
For 68.2 kg body weight,
The correct dosage will be:
= [tex]\frac{1.50 \ mg}{1 \ kg}[/tex] × 68.2 kg
= 102.3 mg
Thus the above approach is right.
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What is one of the explanations Dr. Natterson-Horowitz gives for why there’s such a divide between treatment of humans and animals in contemporary society?
Answer:
One explanation that Dr Natterson-Horowitz gives for the divide between treatment of humans and animals in contemporary society is that there is a psychological separation that exists between human patients in hospitals which have technology and animals in the wild.
Explanation:
Dr Barbasra Natterson-Horowitz is a professor who is specialized in Medicine, Cardiology and in Human Evolutionary Biology. She wrote a book titled Zoobiquity and she explains that the reason for the divide between how humans and animals are treated is as a result of the psychological distance that exists between human patients in hospitals filled with technology and animals in the wild.
The [α] of pure quinine, an antimalarial drug, is −165. If a solution contains 69% quinine and 31% of its enantiomer (ee = 38%), what is [α] for the solution?
Answer: The required [a] for slotion will be -62.7
Explanation:
The specific rotation of pure quinine= -165
% of pure quinine= 69%
% of its enantiomer=ee=31%
Enantiomer excess =(ee)=excess of a single enantiomer/entire mixture×100
Now,
Excess of a single enantiomer=69% - 31%=38%
Entire mixture=69% + 31%= 100%
(ee)=38/100 × 100
=38%
Net rotation= 0.69-0.31=0.38
Hence, [a] for solution will be = -0.38×165= -62.7
The characteristic of cancer cells that enables the other hallmarks of cancer is ___________
Answer:
The answer is "Genomic instability".
Explanation:
The greater mutation rate in the downstream cell genome leads to the genome's heterogeneity, which becomes genetic heterogeneity or molecular disturbance. These changes can include alterations to the nuclear acid chain, genetic rearrangement or aneuploidy.
It's also known as hereditary cancers, that sometimes defined by genetic variations in genes like BRCA1, BRCA2, MSH2, MYH, they lead to genomic disruption in the maintenance genes.
In which of Kubler-Ross's stages would someone who feels exhausted and has a sense of futility be? denial anger bargaining depression
Considering the symptoms described (exhaustion and sense of futility), the person would likely be in the Depression stage of Kubler-Ross's stages of dying. This stage is characterized by a sense of resignation and despair upon realization of the inevitability of demise.
Explanation:The person described in your question, who is feelings of exhaustion and a sense of futility, would likely be in the Depression stage according to the Kubler-Ross model. This model is characterized by five stages a person goes through when facing the prospect of death: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance.
In the Depression stage, a person often feels a sense of hopelessness and resignation as they begin to truly accept the inevitable outcome. Their mood lowers to the point of exhaustion, leading to inactivity and worsening health conditions. This is as a result of realization of the inevitability of demise without any hope of prevention.
Of course, not everyone experiences these stages in the same order or even experiences them all. It's important to understand the general framework, while recognizing individual variation. A person's cultural, psychological, and personal background can greatly affect their response to the prospect of death.
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