Answer:
6.25 gallons solution should be drained and replaced 6.25 gallons with bleach to increase the bleach content to the recommended level.
Explanation:
Volume of the solution in the tank = 150 gal
Percentage of bleach in solution = 4%
Volume of bleach present = (4% of 150)gal
Let the volume of solution removed = x
Volume of bleach removed = (4% of x )gal
Desired percentage of bleach solution = 8%
Volume of bleach in 8% solution = 8% of 150 gal
(4% of 150)gal +x - (4% of x )gal = 8% of 150 gal
(4% of 150) +x - (4% of x ) = 8% of 150
[tex]6+x-0.04x=12[/tex]
[tex]0.96x=6[/tex]
x = 6.25
6.25 gallons solution should be drained and replaced 6.25 gallons with bleach to increase the bleach content to the recommended level.
To increase the bleach solution from 4% to 8% in a 150-gallon tank, 6.25 gallons of the existing solution should be drained and replaced with pure bleach.
To adjust the concentration of bleach in the sterilization tank from 4% to 8%, we need to find out how much of the current solution should be removed and replaced with pure bleach. Initially, there are 150 gallons of a 4% bleach solution. If x gallons of this solution are drained and replaced with pure bleach, the amount of bleach in the tank remains the same because pure bleach is being added to compensate for the amount drained.
The initial amount of bleach in the solution is 4% of 150 gallons, which is 0.04 × 150 = 6 gallons of bleach. We need to end up with 8% bleach in a 150-gallon tank, so the final amount of bleach needed is 0.08 × 150 = 12 gallons. Since the initial and final amount of bleach has to be the same to ensure complete sterilization, we can set up the following equation:
Initial Bleach + Replaced Bleach - Removed Bleach = Final Bleach
6 + x - (0.04 × x) = 12
This simplifies to:
6 + 0.96x = 12
Solving for x gives:
0.96x = 6
x = 6 / 0.96
x = 6.25 gallons
Therefore, to achieve an 8% bleach concentration, 6.25 gallons of the 4% bleach solution should be drained from the tank and replaced with pure bleach.
Balance the following redox equation in acidic solution using the smallest integers possible and select the correct coefficient for the H+(aq) ion.Cr2O72–(aq) + Sn2+(aq) → Cr3+(aq) + Sn4+(aq)(A) 1 (no coefficient written)(B) 2(C) 3(D) 4(E) More than 4
Answer:
The balanced redox is:
14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 3Sn²⁺ → 3Sn4⁺ + 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O
So the coefficient for the H⁺ is greater than 4 (option E)
Explanation:
This is the redox reaction:
Cr₂O₇²⁻ (aq) + Sn²⁺ (aq) → Cr³⁺ (aq) + Sn⁴⁺(aq)
First of all, we must determine the half reactions:
In dycromate, Cr acts with +6 in the oxidation state → Cr cation has +3 in product side - Oxidation state, has decreased so this is the reduction.
In reactant side Sn cation acts with +2 → In product side Sn acts with +4
The oxidation state has increased, so this is the oxidation.
Cr₂O₇²⁻ → Cr³⁺
We have to add 2, to Cr in reactant side, and as we are in adicid medium we add water in the opposite side of oxygen. The same amount of oxgen, that we have.
Cr₂O₇²⁻ → 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O
Finally, as we have 14 H in product side, we must add 14 H⁺ to the reactant side. Cr+⁶ in dycromate to change to Cr³⁺, gained 3 e⁻, but we have 2 Cr, so in total the Cr gained 6e⁻. The balanced half reaction is:
14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6e⁻ → 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O
Sn²⁺ to change the oxidation state, to +4 had to release electrons:
Sn²⁺ → Sn4⁺ + 2e⁻
The electrons are unbalanced, so we must to multiply the half reactions:
(14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6e⁻ → 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O) x1
(Sn²⁺ → Sn4⁺ + 2e⁻ ) x3
And we sum both:
14 H⁺ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 6e⁻ + 3Sn²⁺ → 3Sn4⁺ + 6e⁻ + 2Cr³⁺ + 7H₂O
To balance the redox equation in acidic solution, follow these steps: Write the unbalanced equation, identify the oxidation and reduction half-reactions, balance the atoms and charges, multiply the oxidation half-reaction, combine the half-reactions, and balance the equation by dividing through by common factors. The correct coefficient for the H+ ion is 2.
Explanation:To balance the redox equation in acidic solution, we need to follow these steps:
Write the given unbalanced equation: Cr2O72–(aq) + Sn2+(aq) → Cr3+(aq) + Sn4+(aq)Identify the oxidation and reduction half-reactions. In this case, Cr2O72–(aq) is reduced to Cr3+(aq) and Sn2+(aq) is oxidized to Sn4+(aq).Balance the atoms excluding O and H. Balance each half-reaction by adding water molecules (H2O) to the side that lacks oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+) to the side that lacks hydrogen.Balance the charges in each half-reaction by adding electrons (e-).Multiply the oxidation half-reaction by the necessary coefficient to equalize the number of electrons transferred.Add the two half-reactions together, canceling out common species on each side.Finally, balance the equation by inspecting the coefficients and make the smallest coefficients possible by dividing through by any common factors.Upon balancing the equation, we find that the correct coefficient for the H+ ion is (B) 2.
Which of the following is a basic solution? HCl dissolved in water b. household ammonia c. vinegar d. pure water
Answer:
B. Household ammonia.
Explanation:
NH₃ is a base, so the solution always will be basic.
NH₃ takes the proton from the water. In conclusion we have free OH⁻ in medium, that's why the solution is basic.
NH₃ + H₂O → NH₄⁺ + OH⁻
- HCl + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
This reaction makes an acid solution, cause the H₃O⁺
- Vinegar is a compound made of acetic acid.
CH₃COOH + H₂O ⇄ H₃O⁺ + CH₃COO⁻
This reaction also makes an acid solution, cause the H₃O⁺
- Pure water makes neutral solution. It is not acid, neither basic.
2H₂O ⇄ H₃O⁺ + OH⁻
How many grams of Ca(OH)2 are needed to produce 600 ml of 1.22 M Ca(OH)2 solution?
Answer:
54.2 g of Ca(OH)₂
Explanation:
Let's determine the moles of solute, we should need
Molarity . volume (L) = moles
Let's convert 600 mL to L
600 mL/ 1000 = 0.6L
1.22 mol/L . 0.6L = 0.732 moles
Finally we must convert the moles to mass ( moles . molar mass)
0.732 mol . 74.08 g/mol = 54.2 g
Answer: 54.2 g Ca(OH)2
Explanation: Molarity is moles of solute / L solution
First convert mL to L
600 mL x 1L / 1000 mL = 0.6 L
Find moles of Ca(OH)2
n= M x L
= 1.22 M x 0.6 L
= 0.732 moles Ca(OH)2
Convert moles to mass using its molar mass of Ca( OH)2 = 74 g
0.732 moles Ca(OH)2 X 74 g Ca(OH)2 / 1 mole Ca(OH)2
= 54.2 g Ca(OH)2
Write the balanced molecular equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with calcium hydroxide. What is the sum of the coefficients?
Answer:
Sum of the coefficients is 3, in both sides (reactant & product)
Explanation:
HCl and Ca(OH)₂ react in a neutralization reaction.
It is called neutralization because we can produce H₂O. It always occurs when you react an acid with a base.
The equation for this is:
2HCl + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCl₂ + 2H₂O
Sum of the coefficients is 3, in both sides (reactant & product)
Final answer:
The balanced molecular equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide is HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l), with a sum of coefficients equal to 5.
Explanation:
The balanced molecular equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is:
HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)
To balance the equation, you must ensure that the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms of that element on the product side. In this reaction, two hydrochloric acid molecules are needed to react with one calcium hydroxide molecule to produce one molecule of calcium chloride and two molecules of water.
The sum of the coefficients in this balanced equation is 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 5.
Nuclear fusion is the process used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants. is the process in which a large nucleus spontaneously splits into two or more smaller nuclei. is the process in which two smaller nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus. is the process in which a large nucleus is bombarded with a neutron and then splits into two or more smaller nucleir.
Answer:
is the process in which two smaller nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus.
Explanation:
Nuclear fusion -
It is the type of reaction , where two or more lighter nuclei combines to form a larger nuclei , with large amount of energy released in the form of heat and light is referred to as a nuclear fusion .
The process of fusion is exactly opposite of the nuclear fission , where a single nucleus is broken down into many smaller nuclei , and is used in the nuclear power plants to generate energy.
In the nuclear fusion process , lighter nucleus like nickel - 62 and iron - 56 are used .
Answer:
Nuclear fusion can be defined asva reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles ( neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of energy . This difference in mass arises due to the difference in atomic " binding energy " between the atomic nuclei before and after the reaction. Fusion is the process that powers active or " main sequence " stars , or other high magnitude stars.
A fusion process that produces nuclei lighter than iron-56 or nickel-62 will generally release energy. These elements have relatively small mass per nucleon and large binding energy per
nucleon . Fusion nuclei lighter than these releases energy (an exothermic process), while fusion of heavier nuclei results in energy retained by the product nucleons, and the resulting reaction is endothermic .
Nuclear fusion generates electricity (as a proposed form of power) by using heat from nuclear fusion reactions. In a fusion process, two lighter atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, while releasing energy. The devices designed to harness this energy are known as fusion reactors.
A chunk of an unidentified element (let's call it element "X") is reacted with sulfur to form an ionic compound with the chemical formula X2S. Which of the following elements is the most likely identity of X?a. Mgb. Lic. Ald. Ce. Cl
Answer:
The answer is B. Li
Explanation:
2Li will be needed to form an ionic compound because the known element sulphur requires 2 (two) electron to complete its octet configuration.
So reacting with Lithium (2Li) will balance their electronic configuration.
Final answer:
Lithium (Li) is the most likely identity for element 'X' because it forms a +1 cation (Li+), which would combine with the -2 charge of a sulfide ion (S₂-) to create the compound Li₂S. Option B
Explanation:
When considering the reaction with sulfur to form an ionic compound of the form X₂S, we are looking for an element that can form a +1 oxidation state to balance the -2 charge on the sulfide ion (S₂-). Among the options provided, lithium (Li) is a member of the alkali metals (group 1) and naturally forms a +1 charged ion (Li+). Therefore, when it reacts with sulfur, it would form Li₂S, making lithium the most likely candidate for element 'X' in the given formula.
Other options, such as magnesium (Mg) and aluminum (Al), are in group 2 and 13 respectively, and typically form +2 and +3 ions. Chlorine (Cl) is a nonmetal and would not form a compound with the general formula X₂S. Cerium (Ce) is a lanthanide and it primarily forms compounds in a +3 or +4 oxidation state, not +1. Therefore, these elements are not suitable candidates for element 'X' given the provided compound formula.
Select the appropriate coefficient for O2 when the equation ? O2(g) + ? C5H12(g) → ? CO2(g) + ? H2O(g) is balanced using the smallest possible integers.
Answer:
4O₂ (g) + 1/2C₅H₁₂ (g) → 5/2CO₂ (g) + 3H₂O (g)
4 would be the smallest possible integer for O₂
Explanation:
The balanced equation is this one:
8O₂ (g) + C₅H₁₂ (g) → 5CO₂ (g) + 6H₂O (g)
If we divide stoichiometry /2 (the half) we can consider that we use, the smallest possible integers.
8/2O₂ (g) + 1/2C₅H₁₂ (g) → 5/2CO₂ (g) + 6/2H₂O (g)
4O₂ (g) + 1/2C₅H₁₂ (g) → 5/2CO₂ (g) + 3H₂O (g)
Final answer:
The correct coefficient for O₂ when balancing the combustion of pentane equation is 8, as it provides the required 16 oxygen atoms to balance the equation.
Explanation:
To balance the chemical equation for the combustion of pentane (C₅H₁₂), we will need to follow a systematic approach.
Write down the unbalanced equation: ? O₂(g) + ? C₅H₁₂(g) → ? CO₂(g) + ? H₂O(g)
Balance the carbons first: Since there are 5 carbons in pentane, we need 5 CO₂ molecules on the product side to balance the carbon atoms.
Balance the hydrogens second: Pentane has 12 hydrogen atoms, so we need 6 H₂O molecules to balance the hydrogen atoms since each H₂O has 2 hydrogen atoms.
Balance the oxygens last: There are now 10 oxygen atoms from the CO₂ and another 6 from the H₂O, making a total of 16 oxygen atoms on the product side. Since O₂ has 2 oxygen atoms, we need 8 O₂ molecules to balance the oxygen atoms.
The balanced equation becomes: 8 O₂(g) + C₅H₁₂(g) → 5 CO₂(g) + 6 H₂O(g)
The appropriate coefficient for O₂ when the equation is balanced using the smallest possible integers is 8.
What do you think would happen if you placed a drop of iodine on your baked potato at dinner?
Answer:there is visible blue black coloration
Explanation:starch is a polysaccharide,it is composed of only glucose combined by glycosidic bonds.starch is majorly an insoluble carbonhydrate.
Starch consist of two distinguishable polysaccharide fraction namely amylose and amylopectin.
The iodine test is used to check for the presence of starch.
It gives a blue black coloration for amylose which is present in potato.
But in amylopectin,it gives a reddish coloration.
The commonest form of the Carbon atom that exists is at times referred to as C12. An isotope of this atom is called C14. C14 must have a different number of _____ than C12.
Answer:
neutrons
Explanation:
Atomic number : It is defined as the number of electrons or number of protons present in a neutral atom.
Mass number is the number of the entities present in the nucleus which is the equal to the sum of the number of protons and electrons.
Mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
Thus both C14 and C12 have same number of protons as they have same atomic number.
The difference in the mass number of both the isotopes is sue to the difference in the number of neutrons.
Atomic number = Number of protons = 6
For CC- 14, Number of neutrons = 14 - 6 = 8
For C 12, Number of neutrons = 12 - 6 = 6
Answer:
mass number
Explanation:
bc it just is
When diluting concentrated acids with water, wear appropriate PPE and slowly ____ to ____ to help prevent a sudden release of heat or the creation of a fuming acid.
Answer: add the acid to the water
Explanation:
At sea level, where the pressure was 104 kPa and temperature 21.1 ºC, a certain mass of air occupies 2.0 m3 . To what volume will the region expand when it has risen to altitude where the pressure and temperature are (a) 52 kPa, -5.0 ºC ( True or False )
Answer:
The volume of air at where the pressure and temperature are 52 kPa, -5.0 ºC is [tex] 3.64 m^3[/tex].
Explanation:
The combined gas equation is,
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]P_1[/tex] = initial pressure of gas = 104 kPa
[tex]P_2[/tex] = final pressure of gas = 52 kPa
[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas = [tex]2.0m^3[/tex]
[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas = ?
[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature of gas = [tex]21.1^oC=273+21.1=294.1K[/tex]
[tex]T_2[/tex] = final temperature of gas = [tex]-5.0^oC=273+(-5.0)=268 K[/tex]
Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:
[tex]\frac{104 kPa\times 2.0m^3}{294.1 K}=\frac{52 kPa\times V_2}{268 K}[/tex]
[tex]V_2=3.64 m^3[/tex]
The volume of air at where the pressure and temperature are 52 kPa, -5.0 ºC is [tex] 3.64 m^3[/tex].
The question pertains to how a mass of air's volume changes with altitude in the subject of Physics, using the ideal gas law which relates pressure, volume, and temperature. Actual calculation could not be completed due to the ambiguity in the question's phrasing.
Explanation:The subject in question relates to Physics, specifically the concepts of gas laws and how changes in pressure, temperature, and volume affect gases. The question involves applying the ideal gas law to determine how the volume of a mass of air changes when altitude affects temperature and pressure.
If we consider the ideal gas law, which states that PV/T = constant for a given mass of air, and if we ignore the effect of humidity and assume the atmospheric air behaves as an ideal gas, we can relate the initial and final states of the mass of air by the equation (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2. To find the new volume V2, rearrange the equation to V2 = (P1V1T2)/(P2T1). With all values, including pressures, volumes, and temperatures, it is necessary to convert temperatures to Kelvin before using the formula.
To compute the problem described, we would convert 21.1 ºC to Kelvin by adding 273.15, which is 294.25K, and similarly convert -5.0 ºC to Kelvin, which would give 268.15K. Then, we'd calculate the new volume V2 knowing P1, V1, T1, P2, and T2. However, since the question 'To what volume will the region expand when it has risen to altitude where the pressure and temperature are (a) 52 kPa, -5.0 ºC (True or False)' lacks a clear predicate and the expected answer format (True or False doesn't fit the question being asked), we cannot calculate V2 without additional information or rephrasing of the question.
Why are the elements carbon, oxygen, neon, and magnesium, whose masses are multiples of four, as well as the element iron, so common on Earth?
Answer:Elements of even atomic number and mass number are more stable than elements of odd atomic and mass numbers
Explanation: The fact that elements possessing even number of nucleons are more stable and abundant suggests that nucleons are paired in the nucleus. This even number of nucleons is commonly called a magic number because bit is associated with extra stability, abundance of elements and plenitude of isotopes of such elements.
These magic numbers are often numbers which are multiples of four.
A solvent is simply a substance that can dissolve other molecules and compounds, ... Because of its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds, water makes an ... to solute molecules, as in an aqueous solution, these interactions lead to the ... Hydration shells allow particles to be dispersed (spread out) evenly in water.
Answer:
Hi
The high dipole moment of water and its ease in forming hydrogen bonds make it an excellent analysis. A molecule is soluble in water if it can interact with its molecules through hydrogen bonds or ion-dipole interactions.
With anions that have oxygen they can form hydrogen bonds, since oxygen acts as their acceptor. The attraction of the anion on the water dipole must be taken into account. The same goes for Cl-F, which have solitary electron pairs and can act as hydrogen bridge acceptors. On the other hand, cations such as Na+, K+, Ca++ or Mg++ are surrounded by water molecules to which they are joined by dipole ion interactions while oxygen atoms are oriented towards the catión.
Explanation:
How many grams of aluminum metal can be produced when 50.0 grams of aluminum chloride decompose? 2AlCl3 → 2Al + 3Cl2
Answer:
10.1 g of Al are formed
Explanation:
The reaction is:
2AlCl3 --> 2Al + 3Cl2
So 2 moles of aluminun chloride decompose into 2 moles of Al and 3 moles of chlorine.
Ratio is 2:2.
Let's convert the mass of salt into moles (mass / molar mass)
50 g / 133.34 g/mol = 0.374 moles.
As the ratio is 2: 2, if I have 0.374 moles of salt, I would produce the same amount of Al, just 0.374.
Let's convert the moles to mass
(Mol . molar mass)
0.374 mol . 26.98 g / mol = 10.1 g of Al are formed
Ξ
28.99 grams of aluminium metal can be produced when 50.0 grams of aluminium chloride decompose.
To solve this problem, we will use stoichiometry, which involves the following steps:
1. Write down the balanced chemical equation:
[tex]\[ 2\text{AlCl}_3 \rightarrow 2\text{Al} + 3\text{Cl}_2 \][/tex]
2. Calculate the molar mass of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and aluminium (Al):
- The molar mass of Al is approximately 26.98 g/mol.
- The molar mass of AlCl3 is calculated as follows:
[tex]\[ \text{Molar mass of AlCl}_3 = \text{Molar mass of Al} + 3 \times \text{Molar mass of Cl} \] \[ \text{Molar mass of AlCl}_3 = 26.98 \text{ g/mol} + 3 \times 35.45 \text{ g/mol} \] \[ \text{Molar mass of AlCl}_3 = 26.98 \text{ g/mol} + 106.35 \text{ g/mol} \] \[ \text{Molar mass of AlCl}_3 = 133.33 \text{ g/mol} \][/tex]
3. Convert the mass of AlCl3 to moles:
[tex]\[ \text{Moles of AlCl}_3 = \frac{\text{Mass of AlCl}_3}{\text{Molar mass of AlCl}_3} \] \[ \text{Moles of AlCl}_3 = \frac{50.0 \text{ g}}{133.33 \text{ g/mol}} \] \[ \text{Moles of AlCl}_3 \approx 0.375 \text{ mol} \][/tex]
4. Use the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation to find the moles of Al produced:
The balanced equation shows that 2 moles of AlCl3 produce 2 moles of Al. Therefore, the moles of Al produced are the same as the moles of AlCl3 that decomposed, since the ratio is 1:1.
5. Convert the moles of Al to grams:
[tex]\[ \text{Mass of Al} = \text{Moles of Al} \times \text{Molar mass of Al} \] \[ \text{Mass of Al} = 0.375 \text{ mol} \times 26.98 \text{ g/mol} \] \[ \text{Mass of Al} \approx 9.969 \text{ g} \][/tex]
However, since the stoichiometry of the reaction gives us 2 moles of Al for every 2 moles of AlCl3, we must account for this in our mass calculation. Therefore, we multiply the mass of Al by the ratio of the moles of Al produced to the moles of AlCl3 that reacted:
[tex]\[ \text{Mass of Al} = 9.969 \text{ g} \times \frac{2 \text{ mol Al}}{2 \text{ mol AlCl}_3} \] \[ \text{Mass of Al} = 9.969 \text{ g} \times 1 \] \[ \text{Mass of Al} \approx 9.969 \text{ g} \][/tex]
Since the stoichiometry does not change the mass calculation (because the ratio is 1:1 for Al and AlCl3), the mass of Al produced is approximately 9.969 grams. However, this is not the final answer, as we need to consider significant figures.
6. Round the final answer to the appropriate number of significant figures, which in this case is three (since the mass of AlCl3 is given to three significant figures):
[tex]\[ \text{Mass of Al} \approx 10.0 \text{ g} \][/tex]
However, upon re-evaluating the calculation, it seems there was a mistake in the conversion of moles of AlCl3 to moles of Al. Since the stoichiometry is 2 moles of AlCl3 to 2 moles of Al, the moles of Al should be equal to the moles of AlCl3, which is 0.375 moles. Therefore, the correct mass of Al is calculated as follows:
[tex]\[ \text{Mass of Al} = 0.375 \text{ mol} \times 26.98 \text{ g/mol} \] \[ \text{Mass of Al} = 28.985 \text{ g} \][/tex]
Rounding to three significant figures, we get:
[tex]\[ \text{Mass of Al} \approx 28.99 \text{ g} \][/tex]
Black ice is a thin layer of water on a sidewalk or road that has rozen after the temperature has dropped below freezing its called black ice because the ice-s nearly ms ble especially when driving in a car at night. Which of the following statements is true?
View Available Hint(s)
A) Black ice is neither a chemical change nor a physical change
B) Black ice is an example of a physical change
C) Black ice is an example of a chemical change
D) Black ice is both a chemical change and a physical change
Answer: option B. Black ice is an example of a physical change
Explanation:
Black ice forming on a road or sidewalk is an example of a physical change because it involves a transformation in the physical state of water (from liquid to solid) without changing its chemical composition.
The correct answer is option B.
Black ice forms when a thin layer of water on a sidewalk or road freezes after the temperature drops below the freezing point. This process involves a physical change, not a chemical change. Here's why:
Physical Change:
A physical change is a transformation in which the substance's chemical composition remains the same, but its physical properties, such as state of matter or appearance, are altered. Black ice is formed when liquid water (H₂O) undergoes a physical change as it freezes into solid ice. During this process, water molecules reorganize themselves into a crystalline structure, but the chemical identity of the molecules (H₂O) remains unchanged. Thus, black ice is still composed of H₂O molecules, making it a physical change.
Chemical Change vs. Physical Change:
In a chemical change (chemical reaction), the substances involved undergo a transformation at the molecular or atomic level, leading to the creation of new substances with different chemical compositions. In contrast, physical changes do not alter the chemical composition of the substances; they only affect their physical properties.
In the case of black ice, no new substances are formed, and the chemical composition (H₂O) remains constant throughout the process. Therefore, it is a clear example of a physical change.
Therefore, from the given options the correct one is B.
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Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else? View Available Hint(s) Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else? water polar covalent bonds oxygen ionic bonds?
Answer:
H must pair with Fluorine, Oxygen, or Nitrogen
Explanation:
water has polar covalent bonds, the intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonds, London and Dipole forces
Final answer:
The formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and polar covalent bonds. Hydrogen atoms in polar covalent bonds have a slightly positive charge and are attracted to neighboring negative charges, forming weak interactions known as hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds occur between water molecules and are responsible for many of water's unique properties.
Explanation:
The formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and polar covalent bonds.
When polar covalent bonds containing hydrogen form, the hydrogen in that bond has a slightly positive charge because hydrogen's electron is pulled more strongly toward the other element and away from the hydrogen. Because the hydrogen is slightly positive, it will be attracted to neighboring negative charges. When this happens, a weak interaction occurs between the hydrogen's 6 from one molecule and the molecule's 6 charge on another molecule with the more electronegative atoms, usually oxygen. Scientists call this interaction a hydrogen bond. This type of bond is common and occurs regularly between water molecules. Individual hydrogen bonds are weak and easily broken, however, they occur in very large numbers in water and in organic polymers, creating a major force in combination. Hydrogen bonds are also responsible for zipping together the DNA double helix.
If one mole of Ca(OH)2 and four moles of HNO3 are mixed in a beaker of water, one would expect the following?components to be dominant in the solution after mixing1.H2O, Ca2+, H+ and NO3-2.H2O,OH-, and NO3-3.H2O, Ca2+, OH- and NO3-4.H2O, H+ and NO3-5.H2O, Ca2+, OH-, H+ and NO3-6.H2O, Ca2+ and H+
When Ca(OH)2 and HNO3 are mixed, the dominant components in the solution are H2O, Ca2+, OH-, and NO3-
Explanation:When one mole of Ca(OH)2 and four moles of HNO3 are mixed in water, the dominant components in the solution would be H2O, Ca2+, OH-, and NO3-. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
The reaction between Ca(OH)2 and HNO3 results in the formation of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) and water (H2O), while the hydroxide ions (OH-) and nitrate ions (NO3-) remain in solution.
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An organic chemist measures the temperature T of a solution in a reaction flask. Here is the result T = 17. degree C Convert T to SI units. Round your answer to 0 decimal places
Answer : The temperature in Kelvin is, 290 K
Explanation :
S.I : It is known as the international System of Units. It is defined as a scientific method to express the magnitude of the several basics units.
There are seven basic units in the system from which the other units are derived.
The seven base unit are, meter for length, kilogram for mass, second for time, ampere for current, kelvin for temperature, mole for amount of substance and candela for intensity.
The conversion used for the temperature from degree Celsius to Kelvin is:
[tex]K=273.15+^oC[/tex]
where,
[tex]K[/tex] = temperature in Kelvin
[tex]^oC[/tex] = temperature in centigrade
As we are given the temperature in degree Celsius is, 17
Now we have to determine the temperature in Kelvin.
[tex]K=273.15+^oC[/tex]
[tex]K=273.15+(17^oC)[/tex]
[tex]K=290.15K\approx 290K[/tex]
Therefore, the temperature in Kelvin is, 290 K
Describe the intermolecular forces that must be overcome to convert each of the following from a liquid or solid to a gas.
SO2, H2Se
Check all that apply.
a. Ion-dipole bonding.
b. Hydrogen-bonding.
c. London dispersion forces.
d. Dipole-dipole bonding.
To convert SO2 and H2Se from a liquid or solid to a gas, the intermolecular forces that need to be overcome are dipole-dipole bonding and London dispersion forces. Ion-dipole bonding and hydrogen bonding are not required.
Explanation:To convert SO2 and H2Se from a liquid or solid to a gas, certain intermolecular forces must be overcome. These forces include:
Dipole-dipole bonding: This force is found in both SO2 and H2Se as they are polar molecules with a positive end and a negative end. London dispersion forces: These are present in all molecules, including SO2 and H2Se. They arise from temporary fluctuations of electron distribution in atoms and molecules.
For these substances, Ion-dipole bonding and hydrogen bonding are not relevant as SO2 and H2Se do not comprise ions or specific hydrogen connections.
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Final answer:
For SO₂ and H₂Se, the intermolecular forces that need to be overcome to change to a gas are dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces.
Explanation:
To convert a substance from liquid or solid to gas, it is necessary to overcome the intermolecular forces that hold the molecules together in the condensed phase. For SO₂, the primary intermolecular forces are dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces. SO₂ is a polar molecule with a significant dipole moment, leading to dipole-dipole attractions, and all molecules, including polar ones, exhibit London dispersion forces. In the case of H₂Se, although the molecule is polar, there is no hydrogen directly bonded to a highly electronegative atom, thus it does not have hydrogen-bonding. However, H₂Se does exhibit London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions due to its polar nature. Therefore, the intermolecular forces that must be overcome for SO₂ and H₂Se are options (c) London dispersion forces and (d) dipole-dipole bonding.
Fluorescent genes from a jellyfish can be inserted into bacteria with minor modifications, resulting in bacteria that can produce green fluorescent protein.
Answer:
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes use the same codons for translation.
Explanation:
Gene is the functional segment of the DNA and can be inherited. The particular gene codes for the particular protein that determines the morphology of the organisms.
The translation process is responsible for the expression of protein in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The basic process of translation is quite similar. Genetic code is same in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes as the code is universal in nature and responsible for the production of protein in bacteria.
Consider this statement as True or false
Answer: True
Explanation:
Yes, it is possible that the gene responsible for the fluroscence in the jelly fish is extracted and inserted in the bacteria then the bacteria will also start glowing like jellyfish.
This is possible because the basic machinery is same in case of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The manipulation is known as genetic engineering by which the gene of interest from one organism is inserted in other organism.
1) When elements combine to form compounds:
A) their properties are an average of all elements in the compound.
B) their properties change completely.
C) their properties do not change.
D) their properties are completely random.
E) none of the above
Answer:
B
Explanation:
when elements reacts to form a compound the elements properties changes completely. This happens due to the fact that a chemical reaction has taken place. In a chemical change new substances are formed and the properties of the products differ entirely from that of the reactant.
for example if hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water, the property of hydrogen differs from oxygen and also both differs chemically when compared to water.
When elements combine to form compounds, their properties change completely.
Explanation:When elements combine to form compounds, their properties change completely.
For example, sodium (a highly reactive metal) and chlorine (a toxic gas) combine to form sodium chloride, which is table salt that is neither reactive nor toxic. The properties of the elements in a compound are no longer the same as the properties of the individual elements. The combination of elements in a compound results in the formation of new substances with distinct properties. Therefore, option B) their properties change completely, is the correct answer to the question.
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Hat is the definition for a scientific theory? A. an informed explanation that can be tested but is not widely accepted B. an explanation for something that is frequently adjusted as evidence is collected C. a widely accepted scientific explanation that may still be adjusted as new evidence is found D. a scientific explanation that is agreed on by all scientists and is no longer adjusted as new evidence is found
Answer:
D. a scientific explanation that is agreed on by all scientists and is no longer adjusted as new evidence is found
Explanation:
Scientific theory is an explanation that has been repeatedly tested and verified in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results
Answer:
"B"an explanation for something that is frequently adjusted as evidence is collected
If an ion has a charge of 1-, the ion must have A. More electrons than neutrons. B. More protons than electrons. C. More electrons than protons. D. More protons than neutrons.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
when an ion has a 1- charge it gains 1 electron. when an atom is neutral, it has the same protons as electrons.
Select ALL correct answers. The contact force is caused by: A. Atoms randomly crashing into each other B. The charged particles that make up one atom pushing or pulling on the charged particles that make up other atoms. C. Protons in the nucleus of one atom repeling each other. D. Electrons of one atom being attracted to the electrons of another atom. E. The force of one object pushing against the force of another object.
Final answer:
The contact force is caused by the charged particles that make up one atom pushing or pulling on the charged particles that make up other atoms. This is option B.
Explanation:
The contact force is caused by the charged particles that make up one atom pushing or pulling on the charged particles that make up other atoms.
This is option B.
When two objects are in contact, such as when you push against a wall or walk on the ground, the atoms in your body and the atoms in the object you are in contact with exert electromagnetic forces on each other, resulting in the contact force.
The other options, A, C, D, and E, do not accurately describe the cause of the contact force.
The process in which an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons to another atom or molecule is known as ________ .
Answer:
Oxidation process
Explanation:
Oxidation is the transfer of electrons from an atom, molecule, or ion to another atom, molecule, or ion in a chemical reaction.
Oxidation is said to have taken place when the oxidation status of a atom, molecule, or ion is increases.
Oxidation process is said to include
Addition of oxygen atom or Electronegative atoms to another atom, molecule, or ion
Loss of one or more electrons by a atom, molecule, or ion
Increase in the oxidation number of a atom, molecule, or ion
Loss of a hydrogen or Electropositive atoms
Given the molecules diethyl ether (CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃) and 1-butanol (CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH), __________ has the higher boiling point mainly due to __________.
Answer:
1-butanol has higher boiling point mainly due to presence of hydrogen bonding.
Explanation:
Diethyl ether is a polar aprotic molecule due to presence of polar C-O-C moiety. Hence only dipole-dipole intermolecular force exist between diethyl ether molecules.
1-butanol is a polar protic molecule due to presence of C-OH moiety. Therefore dipole-dipole force along with hydrogen bonding exist between 1-butanol molecules.
So, intermolecular force is higher in 1-butanol as compared to diethyl ether. Hence more temperature is required to break intermolecular forces of 1-butanol to boil as compared to diethyl ether.
So, 1-butanol has higher boiling point mainly due to presence of hydrogen bonding.
Answer:117 degree Celsius
Explanation: this is due to the hydrogen bonding between the OH of the alcohol
An example of a scientific law is the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.Based on what you know about scientific laws in general, classify the following statements regarding the law of conservation of mass as true or false.A) It was developed from past observationsB) It is subject to experimentation and revision.C) It explains why mass is conserved.D) It predicts future observations.
The law of conservation of mass was developed from past observations, it is not subject to experimentation and revision, and it does not explain why mass is conserved or predict future observations.
Explanation:A) True. The law of conservation of mass was developed from past observations. It was formulated based on multiple experiments and observations by scientists.
B) False. The law of conservation of mass is not subject to experimentation and revision. It is accepted as a fundamental principle in chemistry and holds true under all conditions.
C) False. The law of conservation of mass does not explain why mass is conserved. It is a statement that describes the behavior of mass in chemical reactions, but the underlying reasons are explained by other scientific principles and theories.
D) False. The law of conservation of mass does not predict future observations. It is a statement that describes an observed behavior in chemical reactions.
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Based on the standard free energies of formation, which of the following reactions represent a feasible way to synthesize the product?
A. 2C(s)+H2(g)→C2H2(g); ΔG∘f=209.2 kJ/mol
B. N2(g)+3H2(g)→2NH3(g); ΔG∘f=−33.30 kJ/mol
C. 2C(s)+2H2(g)→C2H4(g); ΔG∘f=68.20 kJ/mol
D. 2SO(g)+O2(g)→2SO2(g); ΔG∘f=−600.4 kJ/mol
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins: Feasible Synthesis, or Non-feasible Synthesis
Answer:
(C) 2C(s)+2H2(g)?C2H4(g); ?G?f=68.20 kJ/mol
Explanation:
The standard free energies represent the total available work required for the process. It also indicates whether a process is spontaneous or not. If the standard free energy is negative, then it is spontaneous
The net gain of energy in glycolysis from one molecule of glucose is
Answer:
2 ATP
Explanation:
glycolysis is the beginning of cellular respiration and it yielded net ATP of two produced from 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate conversion to 3-phosphoglycerate (2 ATP) and conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate ( 2ATP). One will recall that 2 ATP had been expended in the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, and in the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose -1,6- bisphosphate. Other product of glycolysis are 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate that may go into kreb cycle for further energy production depending on the organism type of respiration.
The net gain of energy in glycolysis from one molecule of glucose is 2 ATP molecules. Glycolysis metabolizes one glucose to form two pyruvate molecules while generating a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
Explanation:The net gain of energy in glycolysis from one molecule of glucose is 2 ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate) molecules. Glycolysis is the process in which one glucose molecule is broken down to form two molecules of pyruvate (also known as pyruvic acid). The process also generates 2 molecules of ATP as net gain, along with 2 NADH molecules. However, because the input also includes the use of 2 ATP molecules in the 'energy investment phase', the net gain is only 2 ATP.
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In a solution, the solute is the substance present in the greatest amount. In a solution, the solute is the substance present in the greatest amount.A. True
B. False
Answer:
B. False
Explanation:
Solution -
A solution is referred to be a uniform mixture of various components , where the components are classified as solute and solvent .
The components can easily be segregated on the basics of the amount of the component , i.e. ,
The component with higher concentration is referred to as the solvent.And ,
The component with lower concentration is referred to as the solute .For example ,
In the solution of sugar and water , where 1 tablespoon of sugar is dissolved in 100 mL of water ,
the concentration of sugar is less , and hence , is referred to as the solute ,and ,
the concentration of water is more , and hence, is referred to as the solvent.